Study of Cylinder Charge Control for Enabling Low Temperature Combustion in Diesel Engines

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad Divekar ◽  
Usman Asad ◽  
Xiaoye Han ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Combustion Modes ◽  
Temperature Combustion

Suitable cylinder charge preparation is deemed critical for the attainment of a highly homogeneous, diluted, and lean cylinder charge, which is shown to lower the flame temperature. The resultant low temperature combustion (LTC) can simultaneously reduce the NOx and soot emissions from diesel engines. This requires sophisticated coordination of multiple control systems for controlling the intake boost, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and fueling events. Additionally, the cylinder charge modulation becomes more complicated in the novel combustion concepts that apply port injection of low reactivity alcohol fuels to replace the diesel fuel partially or entirely. In this work, experiments have been conducted on a single cylinder research engine with diesel and ethanol fuels. The test platform is capable of independently controlling the intake boost, EGR rates, and fueling events. Effects of these control variables are evaluated with diesel direct injection and a combination of diesel direct injection and ethanol port injection. Data analyses are performed to establish the control requirements for stable operation at different engine load levels with the use of one or two fuels. The sensitivity of the combustion modes is thereby analyzed with regard to the boost, EGR, fuel types, and fueling strategies. Zero-dimensional cycle simulations have been conducted in parallel with the experiments to evaluate the operating requirements and operation zones of the LTC combustion modes. Correlations are generated between air–fuel ratio (λ), EGR rate, boost level, in-cylinder oxygen concentration, and load level using the experimental data and simulation results. Development of a real-time boost-EGR set-point determination to sustain the LTC mode at the varying engine load levels and fueling strategies is proposed.

Study of Cylinder Charge Control for Enabling Low Temperature Combustion in Diesel Engines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad Divekar ◽  
Usman Asad ◽  
Xiaoye Han ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Combustion Modes ◽  
Temperature Combustion

Suitable cylinder charge preparation is deemed critical for the attainment of a highly homogeneous, diluted, and lean cylinder charge which is shown to lower the flame temperature. The resultant low temperature combustion (LTC) can simultaneously reduce the NOx and soot emissions from diesel engines. This requires sophisticated coordination of multiple control systems for controlling the intake boost, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and fueling events. Additionally, the cylinder charge modulation becomes more complicated in the novel combustion concepts that apply port injection of low reactivity alcohol fuels to replace the diesel fuel partially or entirely. In this work, experiments have been conducted on a single cylinder research engine with diesel and ethanol fuels. The test platform is capable of independently controlling the intake boost, EGR rates, and fuelling events. Effects of these control variables are evaluated with diesel direct injection and a combination of diesel direct injection and ethanol port injection. Data analyses are performed to establish the control requirements for stable operation at different engine load levels with the use of one or two fuels. The sensitivity of the combustion modes is thereby analyzed with regard to the boost, EGR, fuel types and fueling strategies. Zero-dimensional cycle simulations have been conducted in parallel with the experiments to evaluate the operating requirements and operation zones of the LTC combustion modes. Correlations are generated between air-fuel ratio (λ), EGR rate, boost level, in-cylinder oxygen concentration and load level using the experimental data and simulation results. Development of a real-time boost-EGR set-point determination to sustain the LTC mode at the varying engine load levels and fueling strategies is proposed.

A Comprehensive Review on Low-Temperature Combustion Technologies for Emission Reduction in Diesel Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Jhalani ◽  
Dilip Sharma ◽  
Pushpendra Kumar Sharma ◽  
Digambar Singh ◽  
Sumit Jhalani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Ci Engines

Diesel engines are lean burn engines; hence CO and HC emissions in the exhaust are less likely to occur in substantial amounts. The emissions of serious concern in compression ignition engines are particulate matter and nitrogen oxides because of elevated temperature conditions of combustion. Hence the researchers have strived continuously to lower down the temperature of combustion in order to bring down the emissions from CI engines. This has been tried through premixed charge compression ignition, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), gasoline compression ignition and reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI). In this study, an attempt has been made to critically review the literature on low-temperature combustion conditions using various conventional and alternative fuels. The problems and challenges augmented with the strategies have also been described. Water-in-diesel emulsion technology has been discussed in detail. Most of the authors agree over the positive outcomes of water-diesel emulsion for both performance and emissions simultaneously.

Comparison of Filter Smoke Number and Elemental Carbon Mass From Partially Premixed Low Temperature Combustion in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Northrop ◽  
Stanislav V. Bohac ◽  
Jo-Yu Chin ◽  
Dennis N. Assanis
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Soot Mass ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Premixed Low Temperature Combustion

Partially premixed low temperature combustion (LTC) is an established advanced engine strategy that enables the simultaneous reduction of soot and NOx emissions in diesel engines. Measuring extremely low levels of soot emissions achievable with LTC modes using a filter smoke meter requires large sample volumes and repeated measurements to achieve the desired data precision and accuracy. Even taking such measures, doubt exists as to whether filter smoke number (FSN) accurately represents the actual smoke emissions emitted from such low soot conditions. The use of alternative fuels such as biodiesel also compounds efforts to accurately report soot emissions since the reflectivity of high levels of organic matter found on the particulate matter collected may result in erroneous readings from the optical detector. Using FSN, it is desired to report mass emissions of soot using empirical correlations derived for use with petroleum diesel fuels and conventional modes of combustion. The work presented in this paper compares the experimental results of well known formulas for calculating the mass of soot using FSN and the elemental carbon mass using thermal optical analysis (TOA) over a range of operating conditions and fuels from a four-cylinder direct-injection passenger car diesel engine. The data show that the mass of soot emitted by the engine can be accurately predicted with the smoke meter method utilizing a 3000 ml sample volume over a range of FSN from 0.02 to 1.5. Soot mass exhaust concentration calculated from FSN using the best of the literature expressions and that from TOA taken over all conditions correlated linearly with a slope of 0.99 and R2 value of 0.94. A primary implication of the work is that the level of confidence in reporting the soot mass based on FSN for low soot formation regimes such as LTC is improved for both petroleum diesel and biodiesel fuels.

Early Direct-Injection, Low-Temperature Combustion of Diesel Fuel in an Optical Engine Utilizing a 15-Hole, Dual-Row, Narrow-Included-Angle Nozzle

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1057-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen C. Martin ◽  
Charles J. Mueller ◽  
David M. Milam ◽  
Michael S. Radovanovic ◽  
Christopher R. Gehrke
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Included Angle ◽  
Optical Engine ◽  
Temperature Combustion
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