Experimental Study of Solar-Powered Desalination Pond as Second Stage in Proposed Zero Discharge Desalination Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Farahbod ◽  
Sara Farahmand
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Petrochemical Complex ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Zero Discharge ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Effluent Waste

An experimental scale desalination pond which utilizes solar energy as a heat source is studied in this paper. The marked solar desalination pond is considered as one of the main stages in a proposed zero discharge desalination process. The effluent waste water of the desalination unit of the petrochemical complex is treated in the proposed zero discharge desalination process to produce potable water and salt. Evaporation distillation method is used in the studied solar desalination pond. Basically, this solar desalination pond is working as batch stage. At the first, the solar-powered desalination pond is introduced then the used method for distillation is discussed and the experimental results are represented in this paper, finally. The results show the feasibility of using the proposed solar-powered pond. The rate of gained distilled water by the proposed solar powered pond is compared with conventional solar pond, finally.

scholarly journals Economic Investigation of Different Configurations of Inclined Solar Water Desalination Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 925976 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Phillips Agboola ◽  
I. S. Al-Mutaz ◽  
Jamel Orfi ◽  
Fuat Egelioglu
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Cost Price ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Northern Cyprus

This study empirically investigated the performance of four configurations of inclined solar water desalination (ISWD) system for parameters such as daily production, efficiency, system cost, and distilled water production cost. The empirical findings show that in terms of daily productivity improved inclined solar water desalination (IISWD) performed best with 6.41 kg/m2/day while improved inclined solar water desalination with wire mesh (IISWDWM) produced the least with 3.0 kg/m2/day. In terms of cost price of the systems, the control system inclined solar water desalination (ISWD) is the cheapest while IISWDWM is the most expensive system. Distilled water cost price ranges from 0.059 TL/kg, for IISWDW, to 0.134 TL/kg, for IISWDWM system. All the systems are economically and technically feasible as a solar desalination system for potable water in northern Cyprus. Potable water from vendors/hawkers ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 TL/kg.

Experimental study of a solar desalination pond as second stage in proposed zero discharge desalination process

Solar Energy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Farahbod ◽  
Dariush Mowla ◽  
M.R. Jafari Nasr ◽  
Mohammad Soltanieh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Zero Discharge

scholarly journals Experimental Validation of a Solar Powered Multistage Flash Desalination Unit with Alternate Storage Tanks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2143
Author(s):  
Mishal Alsehli
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Tank Design ◽  
Solar Powered

The fossil fuels that power conventional desalination systems cause substantial environmental impact. Solar desalination can satisfy critical water needs with only a minimal contribution to global warming. The current work presents an attractive new design suitable for regions with limited water resources and high solar radiation rates. This work is an experimental study of a newly designed, solar-powered, multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination plant. The design could address the need to increase the limited water resources in solar energy-rich areas. The prototype consists of a solar collector, an MSF unit, and a novel dual thermal storage tank design. In this prototype, preheated brine is directly heated by circulation through the solar collector. Two tanks serve the MSF unit; one tank feeds the MSF unit while the other receives the preheated feed water. The two tanks alternate roles every 24 h. The study was conducted in Taif, Saudi Arabia, throughout the month of September 2020. The results of the experiment showed that 1.92 square meters of solar collector area is needed for an average daily production of 19.7 kg of fresh water, at a cost of approximately $0.015 per liter.

Solar Powered Water Pumps: The Past, the Present—and the Future?

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Short ◽  
R. Oldach
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Water Pumps

Solar (photovoltaic) powered water pumps could be a real instrument for the alleviation of water related deaths and illnesses in developing countries through the provision of clean water. However, despite the benefits that access to sustainable potable water supplies can bring, solar powered water pumps have a long way to go before they even begin to meet the needs of those who could use them. This paper addresses some of the complex, inter-related social and technical issues that have prevented solar powered water pumping from reaching its full potential and shows how future efforts should be directed in order to respond to these issues.

scholarly journals Production rate and cost comparison of ceramic block solar desalination unit (CBSDU) with basin type solar still (BSS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Md Hamidul Islam ◽  
Quazi Hamidul Bari ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Ceramic Block ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Concrete Base ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Installation Cost

Distilled water for drinking purposes is vital especially in semi or arid countries where surface water is limited and groundwater is saline. The ceramic block solar desalination unit (CBSDU) is significant for single household in developing countries like Bangladesh. The aims of this study are to monitor daily production and cost compared with basin type solar still (BSS). The materials and installation cost of the ceramic block solar unit was estimated Tk.40 per solar desalination unit. The field experiment was carried out on the roof top of the civil engineering building, KUET from 24th February to 11th June, 2012. The CBSDU was installed perpendicular to the surface, from 2 feet above the surface, on a concrete base. The collection bottle was put under the concrete base. The distilled water was collected every day at least two hours after sunset. The average production was found 4.26 lit/m2/day. The CBSDU offers 12% less cost than BSS. Single household can easily use CBSDU for their drinking water in coastal belt of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Selected elements cations exchange in acidic medium on sorbents surface based on modified brown coal

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Stempkowska ◽  
Piotr Izak ◽  
Joanna Mastalska-Popławska
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Static Conditions

Abstract Studies on the sorption and desorption of selected Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Cr3+ cations by materials based on modified brown coal were carried out. The chemical modification of the sorbent material consisted of grinding involving different inorganic substances and organic polymers. Samples were subjected to chemical modification at elevated temperatures for several hours. For comparative purposes, as apart from brown coal, pure humic acids are known for the highest cations exchange capacity, samples of brown coal before and after purification were also analyzed. The ion capacity was determined under static conditions, measuring the difference in the concentration of cations in the sorbent before and after sorption and then after rinsing the sorbent with distilled water (A), and after the desorption process with hydrochloric acid (B). Studies have shown that sorbents based on modified brown coal have rather significant exchange capacities in the range of 270-450 meq/100 g for the first stage and 90-200 meq/100 g for the second stage. It was also found that purified humic acid (450-200 meq/100 g) has the highest exchange capacity and modified brown coal obtained at 250°C has the lowest. The measurement of desorption showed that approximately 10% of the cations are already leached by distilled water and the residue is desorbed under the influence of 10% hydrochloric acid, but the total amount of cations is compatible with the measurement process of the second stage. The sorption affinity to various cations is different. In the case of the sorption measurements, modified sorbents show the highest sorption affinity with respect to calcium, while the unmodified raw brown coal with respect to chromium. The next stage of the measurement showed that the valence of the cation has the highest impact on the sorption affinity.

scholarly journals Ozonization of Water, Retention of Ozone and Devitalization of Escherichia Coli in Water By Ozone

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
N. Sasáková ◽  
H. Pavolová ◽  
B. Nowakowicz-Debek ◽  
M. Vargová ◽  
K. Veszelits Laktičová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Individual Consumption

Abstract The aim of this study was to observe the efficiency of ozone transferred by an airstone bubble diffuser, using two ozone generators with different output of ozone (5 g.h–1 ‒ G1; 15 g.h–1 ‒ G2). The retention of ozone in ozonised distilled and potable water and the devitalisation effects on E. coli in the water were also noted. Ozone was introduced to two types of potable water of different composition intended for mass consumption, (MC)a and (MC)b, distilled water, and well water intended for individual consumption. The devitalisation effect of ozone on E. coli in well water (WW) and added to potable and distilled water was observed. The results of our study showed that under the conditions used, the level of ozone during ozonisation with G1 increased more rapidly in distilled water and after termination of ozonisation, the retention of ozone in distilled water was a little lower in comparison with the potable water. The devitalisation of E. coli either naturally present in the water or added to it required the level of ozone close to or equal to 0.25 mg.l–1.

Experimental Study of Solar Pond Coupled With Forced Circulation Crystallizer as Major Stages of Proposed Zero Discharge Desalination Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Farahbod ◽  
Sara Farahmand
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Cooling Water Flow Rate ◽  
Salt Crystals ◽  
Zero Discharge

Pretreatment, solar pond (SP), and forced circulation crystallizer (FCC) are the basic stages of one option to provide the goals of zero discharge desalination (ZDD) process. This work represents the performance of a solar pond that is coupled with forced circulation crystallizer as second and third stages of proposed zero discharge desalination process. The purpose of ZDD in this paper is gathering fresh water and saline crystals from effluent wastewater of the desalination unit of Mobin petrochemical complex. So, the SP unit is constructed after the pretreatment unit to concentrate the treated wastewater to about 20 wt. % as a suited feed for the FCC unit. Effects of solar insolation rate are investigated experimentally, during a year. In addition, the effect of cooling water flow rate of FCC on quality of effluent stream from SP as feed crystallizer is studied in this paper. The experimental results show the maximum evaporation rate from SP is obtained 5 l/(m2·d) when the insolation rate was about 2.5 × 104 kJ/(m2·d). Experiments show the suitable range of crystals growth (710 μm to 830 μm) in FCC is occurred when the cooling water flow rate in condenser is 9 kg/min. The size and the color of produced salt crystals will be optimized in this flow rate and energy consumption is measured as 6.98 kW·h.

Influence of components of Globodera rostochiensis cysts on the in vitro hatch of second-stage juveniles

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Dzhavakhiya ◽  
Galina Petelina ◽  
Edward Masler ◽  
Mikhail Pridannikov ◽  
Marina Palchuk
Keyword(s):  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
Fold Induction ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractThe effects of cyst components of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, on in vitro hatching of juveniles were evaluated. Aqueous homogenates of eggs and cyst walls, and aqueous rinses of cyst walls and eggs were examined. Homogenates of cyst walls or rinsates of either cyst walls or eggs each significantly increased hatch of juveniles five-fold compared with sterile distilled water controls. Cyst or egg homogenates induced significant increases (7.7-9.0-fold) in hatch of juveniles compared with controls. These values represent approximately 24.8-29.0% of the 31-fold induction of hatch of juveniles by potato root diffusate, routinely used to stimulate hatch in G. rostochiensis. The hatch inducing factor(s) in cyst homogenates was thermostable and retained activity after repeated freezing and thawing. Filter fractionation of cyst homogenate localised activity between molecular mass 0.5 kDa and 5 kDa, with no hatch inducing activity present above 5 kDa. Apparent depression of hatch induction at high concentrations of non-fractionated cyst homogenates suggests the presence of hatch inhibitors.

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