Evaluation of Cutting Fluid With Nanoinclusions

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amrita ◽  
R. R. Srikant ◽  
A. V. Sitaramaraju
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Optimum Cutting ◽  
Graphite Nanoparticles

Environmental and economic concerns on use of cutting fluids have led to use of minimum quantity cooling lubrication (MQCL) system, which uses minute quantity of cutting fluids, demanding a specialized fluid with improved properties. Investigation of any newly developed cutting fluid would be complete if it is evaluated with respect to its machinability, environmental and economic aspects. The present work investigates the viscosity, machinability characteristics, environmental effects, and economic aspects of a newly developed nanocutting fluid with varying concentrations of graphite nanoparticles applied at different flow rates to machining operation. It is found that the machinability improved with respect to conventional cutting fluid and this improvement increased with increase in concentration of nanoinclusions in the range 0.1–0.5 wt. % and also with increase in the flow rate. A regression model is developed for nanocutting fluids to estimate tool wear when used in the range 0.1–0.5 wt. % at flow rates 5 ml/min to 15 ml/min. The biodegradability is found to decrease with inclusion of nanoparticles due to the inorganic nature of selected nanoparticle. But its application as MQCL is ecofriendly as the nanocutting fluid is not disposed to the environment and graphite in it is neither toxic nor hazardous. Based on economic aspect, MQCL application with conventional cutting fluid and few cases of nanocutting fluids are found to be economic compared to flood lubrication. So a compromise has to be obtained between the economic and machinability aspects to choose an optimum cutting fluid.

scholarly journals Formulation of Sustainable Water-Based Cutting Fluids with Polyol Esters for Machining Titanium Alloys

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Elisabet Benedicto ◽  
Eva María Rubio ◽  
Laurent Aubouy ◽  
María Ana Sáenz-Nuño
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Lubricating Film ◽  
Wear Protection ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Polyol Esters

The machinability of titanium alloys still represents a demanding challenge and the development of new clean technologies to lubricate and cool is greatly needed. As a sustainable alternative to mineral oil, esters have shown excellent performance during machining. Herein, the aim of this work is to investigate the influence of esters’ molecular structure in oil-in-water emulsions and their interaction with the surface to form a lubricating film, thus improving the efficiency of the cutting fluid. The lubricity performance and tool wear protection are studied through film formation analysis and the tapping process on Ti6Al4V. The results show that the lubricity performance is improved by increasing the formation of the organic film on the metal surface, which depends on the ester’s molecular structure and its ability to adsorb on the surface against other surface-active compounds. Among the cutting fluids, noteworthy results are obtained using trimethylolpropane trioleate, which increases the lubricating film formation (containing 62% ester), thus improving the lubricity by up to 12% and reducing the torque increase due to tool wear by 26.8%. This work could be very useful for fields where often use difficult-to-machine materials—such as Ti6Al4V or γ-TiAl – which require large amounts of cutting fluids, since the formulation developed will allow the processes to be more efficient and sustainable.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Jatropha Seed Oil and Mineral Oil-Based Cutting Fluids in Turning AISI 304 Alloy Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Awode ◽  
Sunday Albert Lawal ◽  
Matthew Sunday Abolarin ◽  
Oyewole Adedipe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Physiochemical Property ◽  
Jatropha Seed

Cutting fluids play a major role in machine operations, life of tools, workpiece quality and overall high productivity which are considered as potential input for minimal tool wear, minimal surface roughness and better machining finished product owing to the ability to prevent overheating of the workpiece and cutting tool. In this paper, the challenge of environmental biodegradability, tool wear and workpiece surface roughness prompt the need to evaluate and compare the performance of Jatropha oil based cutting fluid (JBCF) with mineral oil based cutting fluid (MBCF) during turning with AISI 304 Alloy steel which are presented. Test were conducted on the Physiochemical property, fatty acid composition (FAC), cutting fluids formulation of oil ratio to water ratio in proportion of 1:9, turning operation and response surface methodology (RSM) design of experiment were carried out and used respectively. Results from FAC indicated that jatropha seed oil (JSO) has an approximately 21.6% saturated fat with the main contributors being 14.2% palmitic acid. The physiochemical property results show pH value 8.36, Viscosity 0.52 mm2/s, resistant to corrosion, good stability and a milky colouration. The S/N ratio for main effect plot for JBCF and MBCF stand at 1250 CS, 1.15 FR and 0.65 DOC; and 500 CS, 1.15 FR and 0.65 respectively with R-sq = 85.14% and R-sq(adj) = 71.76% for JBCF Ra and R-sq = 71.24% and R-sq(adj) = 56.35% for JBCF Tw,  compared to R-sq = 84.44% R-sq(adj) = 70.43% is for MBCF Ra, and R-sq = 70.48% and  R-sq(adj)  = 55.92% for MBCF Tw. Conclusively, JBCF exhibit minimal surface roughness, minimal tool wear, minimal environmental biodegradability and overall better performance compare to MBCF which makes it more suitable for turning of AISI 304 Alloy steel and is in good agreement with previous work.

Turning of SAE 1050 Steel With Vegetable Base Cutting Fluid

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemar Batista da Silva ◽  
Álisson Rocha Machado ◽  
Déborah de Oliveira Almeida ◽  
Emmanuel O. Ezugwu
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Increase Tool Life

The study of cutting fluid performance in turning is of great importance because its optimization characteristics has associated benefits such as improved tool life and overall quality of machined components as well as reduction in power consumption during machining. However, there are recent concerns with the use of cutting fluids from the environmental and health standpoints. Since environmental legislation has become more rigorous, the option for “green machining” attracts the interest of several manufacturing companies. It is important to consider the cost of machining which is associated with tool wear, depending on the cutting environment. The use of vegetable oil may be an interesting alternative to minimize the health and environmental problems associated with cutting fluids without compromising machining performance. This paper presents a comparative study of mineral and vegetable cutting fluids in terms of tool wear after turning SAE 1050 steel grade with cemented carbide cutting tools. Constant depth of cut of 2mm and variable cutting speed (200 and 350 m/min) and feed rate (0.20 and 0.32 mm/rev) were employed. Test results suggest that is possible to achieve improvement in machinability of the material and increase tool life by using vegetable cutting fluid during machining. Tool life increased by about 85% when machining with vegetable-based fluids compared to mineral-based fluids. Analysis of the worn tools, however, revealed a more uniform wear on the worn flank face when machining with mineral-based fluids.

Choice of Lubricating and Cooling Action of Cutting Fluids by the Thermomechanical Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mikhaylov ◽  
Elena Sydorova ◽  
Ilya Navka
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Thermomechanical Model ◽  
Wide Range

The use of cutting fluids in turning can change thermomechanical loading of cutting tools. Currently, manufacturers provide a wide range of cutting fluids, which have different combinations of lubricating and cooling properties. Depending on cutting conditions, this combination can reduce tool wear in different degrees, and, in some cases, to even increase it. Therefore, an effective choice of cutting fluids requires a considerable amount of experiments, which requires cost and time. To solve this problem in the software SIMULIA/Abaqus Explicit 6.10 was developed thermomechanical model of the turning process by cutting tools with PVD-coating, which allows simulating the effect of any combination of cooling and lubricating action. An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation method was used in the modeling. Under the lubricating and cooling action is understood the final result of interaction of cutting fluids with the cutting zone. Modeling of lubricating action of cutting fluid is performed by introducing into the model corresponding average coefficient of friction in the contact zone of cutting tool, worked material and cutting fluid. Modeling of cooling action of cutting fluids is implemented through the introduction of the heat transfer coefficient, calculated on the basis of cutting conditions and thermo-physical properties of cutting fluids. As an example, turning of austenitic stainless steel X10CrNiTi18 by carbide cutting insert with TiN-coating for a predetermined cutting condition was examined. A selection of cutting fluids of the proposed range, formulations of which have different combinations of cooling and lubricating properties ("Unizor-M", "Ferrobetol-M", "EkoEM-1", "STARCUT E9", "SAFECUT M120") was accomplished through the simulation model and the calculated data contact stresses. Experimental studies have confirmed the validity of this choice by comparing the rate of flank tool wear in the using different cutting fluids. The rate of wear was determined by surface micrographs of flank tool. An application of the recommended cutting fluid "SAFECUT M120" has reduced wear by 4 times as compared with the application of the "Ferrobetol-M", the use of which has shown the highest wear. The model developed can be used for selecting a predetermined range of cutting fluids, in determining the optimal combination of lubricating and cooling actions for establishing the required characteristics of cutting fluid or in developing new formulations of cutting fluids.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF CARAPA GUIANENSIS OIL (ANDIROBA OIL) COMPARED WITH COMMERCIAL CUTTING FLUID IN THE TURNING PROCESS OF THE ABNT 1045 STEEL GRADES

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
T. I. M. BOTELHO ◽  
G. S. FIGUEIREDO ◽  
F. M. PRAXEDES ◽  
J. V. U. TEIXEIRA ◽  
E. B. MONTEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Turning Process ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Carapa Guianensis ◽  
1045 Steel

The increasing technological advances obtained both in the development of new materials and of machine tools increased the demand for the machining processes and in addition, the use of increased cutting fluids. However, it’s necessary to have characteristics that don’t harm the environment and the operator. In machining processes, cutting fluids, when properly chosen and applied, may reflect benefits during the manufacturing process. This work evaluated the performance of a commercial cutting fluid by comparing it with vegetable oil extracted from carapa guianensis in the abnt 1045 steel turning process. The cutting speed (vc), tool feed (f) and depth (ap) and the influence of the use of both of them on the metal was verified with the following variables: chip analysis, surface finish, cutting temperature and tool wear. It was observed that with the use of andiroba oil, better chip was generated for the safety of the operator, higher cutting temperatures in the piece, higher tool wear and better surface finish with a difference of 23% compared to commercial cutting fluid. Thus, the fluid from andiroba based on the conventional application demonstrated a viable alternative in the turning process of abnt 1045 steel, because it’s biodegradable and reduces petroleum-based cutting fluids.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF CARAPA GUIANENSIS OIL (ANDIROBA OIL) COMPARED WITH COMMERCIAL CUTTING FLUID IN THE TURNING PROCESS OF THE ABNT 1045 STEEL GRADES

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 927-935
Author(s):  
T. I. M. BOTELHO ◽  
G. S. FIGUEIREDO ◽  
F. M. PRAXEDES ◽  
J. V. U. TEIXEIRA ◽  
E. B. MONTEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Turning Process ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Carapa Guianensis ◽  
1045 Steel

The increasing technological advances obtained both in the development of new materials and of machine tools increased the demand for the machining processes and in addition, the use of increased cutting fluids. However, it’s necessary to have characteristics that don’t harm the environment and the operator. In machining processes, cutting fluids, when properly chosen and applied, may reflect benefits during the manufacturing process. This work evaluated the performance of a commercial cutting fluid by comparing it with vegetable oil extracted from carapa guianensis in the abnt 1045 steel turning process. The cutting speed (vc), tool feed (f) and depth (ap) and the influence of the use of both of them on the metal was verified with the following variables: chip analysis, surface finish, cutting temperature and tool wear. It was observed that with the use of andiroba oil, better chip was generated for the safety of the operator, higher cutting temperatures in the piece, higher tool wear and better surface finish with a difference of 23% compared to commercial cutting fluid. Thus, the fluid from andiroba based on the conventional application demonstrated a viable alternative in the turning process of abnt 1045 steel, because it’s biodegradable and reduces petroleum-based cutting fluids.

Tool wear in dry turning and wet turning with non-toxic cutting fluid

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1649-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Ozimina ◽  
Monika Madej ◽  
Joanna Kowalczyk ◽  
Ewa Ozimina ◽  
Stanislaw Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contact Wetting Angle

PurposeThis study aims to determine the properties of a new non-toxic cutting fluid and compared with cutting fluid based on mineral oil.Design/methodology/approachThe tool wear was measured under dry and wet cutting conditions. The non-toxic cutting fluid was compared with cutting fluid based on mineral oil. The experiments were carried out using CTX 310 ECO numerical control lathe. The wear of the cutting tools was measured by means of stereo zoom microscopy (SX80), while the elements were identified through scanning electron microscopy (JSM 7100F). The workpiece surface texture was studied using a Talysurf CCI Lite non-contact 3D profiler. The contact wetting angle was established with a KSV CAM 100 tester.FindingsThe non-toxic cutting fluid has reached comparable coefficient of friction with a coolant containing mineral oil. The use of the non-toxic cutting fluid with low foaming tendency resulted in lower wear.Practical implicationsMachining processes require that cutting fluids be applied to reduce the tool wear and improve the quality of the workpiece surface. Cutting fluids serve numerous purposes such as they act as coolants and lubricants, remove chips and temporarily prevent corrosion of the product.Originality/valueThe investigations discussed in this paper have contributed to the development of non-toxic and environmentally friendly manufacturing because of the use of cutting fluid containing zinc aspartate and its comparison with commonly used cutting fluid.

scholarly journals Influence of Bio-Oils as Cutting Fluids on Chip Formation and Tool Wear during Drilling Operation of Mild Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3328-3330
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Steel Work ◽  
On Chip

The importance of health and environment has forced Machining Industries to reduce the application of Petroleum-based cutting fluid. But to ease the machining process and to increase the tool life, cutting fluids must be used. Research has been done on vegetable oils as cutting fluids which is easy for disposal and does not affect the environment and the operator’s health [1] . This paper discusses the machinability and tool life during drilling of a mild steel work piece using Neem, Karanja, blends of 50%Neem-50%Karanja, 33.3%Neem-66.6%Karanja, 66.6%Neem-33.3%Karanja as cutting fluid. Results obtained using petroleum-based oil are compared with the results obtained by using above mentioned combination of oils and also with dry cutting conditions.

Evaluation of Soybean Oil-Based MQL As a Potential Replacement for Emulsion Flood Cooling Strategy for High-Speed Face Milling of Inconel 718

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Chukwujekwu Okafor ◽  
Theodore Obumselu Nwoguh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Face Milling ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Tool Wear Mechanism

Abstract This paper presents the results of comparative evaluation of soybean oil based MQL oil flow rates at 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 ml/h with emulsion flood coolant (EC) at 1200 l/h as a benchmark in face milling of Inconel 718 using coated carbide inserts. Resultant cutting force, tool wear/ mechanism, and surface roughness are the machining performance parameters analyzed. The results show that MQL oil flow rate at 70 ml/h gave the least tool wear comparable to that of EC, while 10 ml/h gave the highest tool wear. Also, 70 ml/h gave the lowest resultant cutting force among all MQL flow rates. Increasing soybean oil-based MQL flow rate improves surface roughness and reduces tool wear by providing enough thin lubrication film but also leads to an increase in chip affinity and formation of large built-up-edges (BUEs) as the MQL flow rate reaches 90 ml/h. At lower soybean oil-based MQL flow rate, tool wear mechanism is predominantly abrasion due to large surface friction, while at higher soybean oil-based MQL flow rate, tool wear mechanism is adhesion leading to excessive BUEs. Soybean oil-based MQL flow rate at 70 ml/h is recommended when face milling Inconel 718 and is demonstrated to be a potential replacement of EC for machining difficult-to-cut metal.

scholarly journals Influence of Cutting Fluid Flow Rate and Cutting Parameters on the Surface Roughness and Flank Wear of TiAlN Coated Tool In Turning AISI 1015 Steel Using Taguchi Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1827-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Moganapriya ◽  
R. Rajasekar ◽  
K. Ponappa ◽  
R. Venkatesh ◽  
R. Karthick
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Fluid Flow Rate

AbstractThis paper presents the influence of cutting parameters (Depth of cut, feed rate, spindle speed and cutting fluid flow rate) on the surface roughness and flank wear of physical vapor deposition (PVD) Cathodic arc evaporation coated TiAlN tungsten carbide cutting tool insert during CNC turning of AISI 1015 mild steel. Analysis of Variance has been applied to determine the critical influence of cutting parameters. Taguchi orthogonal test design has been employed to optimize the process parameters affecting surface roughness and tool wear. Depth of cut was found to be the most dominant factor contributing to high surface roughness (67.5%) of the inserts. However, cutting speed, feed rate and flow rate of cutting fluid showed minimal contribution to surface roughness. On the other hand, cutting speed (45.6%) and flow rate of cutting fluid (23%) were the dominant factors influencing tool wear. The optimum cutting conditions for desired surface roughness constitutes the following parameters such as medium cutting speed, low feed rate, low depth of cut and high cutting fluid flow rate. Minimal tool wear was achieved for the following process parameters such as low cutting speed, low feed rate, medium depth of cut and high cutting fluid flow rate.

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