Using Hydrogen as Gas Turbine Fuel: Premixed Versus Diffusive Flame Combustors

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Gazzani ◽  
Paolo Chiesa ◽  
Emanuele Martelli ◽  
Stefano Sigali ◽  
Iarno Brunetti
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

This work aims at estimating the efficiency gain resulting from using lean premixed combustors in hydrogen-fired combined cycles with respect to diffusive flame combustors with significant inert dilution to limit NOx emissions. The analysis is carried out by considering a hydrogen-fired, specifically tailored gas turbine whose features are representative of a state-of-the-art natural gas–fired F-class gas turbine. The comparison between diffusion flame and lean premixed combustion is carried out considering nitrogen and steam as diluents, as well as different stoichiometric flame temperatures and pressure drops. Results show that the adoption of lean premixed combustors allows us to significantly reduce the efficiency decay resulting from inert dilution. Combined cycle efficiency slightly reduces from 58.5%–57.9% when combustor pressure drops vary in the range 3%–10%. Such efficiency values are comparatively higher than those achieved by diffusive flame combustor with inert dilution. Finally, the study investigated the effects of decreasing the maximum operating blade temperature so as to cope with possible degradation mechanisms induced by hydrogen combustion.

Using Hydrogen as Gas Turbine Fuel: Premixed Versus Diffusive Flame Combustors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Gazzani ◽  
Paolo Chiesa ◽  
Emanuele Martelli ◽  
Stefano Sigali ◽  
Iarno Brunetti
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

This work aims at estimating the efficiency gain resulting from using lean premixed combustors in hydrogen fired combined cycles with respect to diffusive flame combustors with significant inert dilution to limit NOX emissions. The analysis is carried out by considering a hydrogen fired, specifically tailored gas turbine whose features are representative of a state-of-art natural gas fired F-class gas turbine. The comparison between diffusion flame and lean premixed combustion is carried out considering nitrogen and steam as diluents, as well as different stoichiometric flame temperatures and pressure drops. Results show that the adoption of lean premixed combustors allows to significantly reduce the efficiency decay resulting from inert dilution. Combined cycle efficiency slightly reduces from 58.5–57.9% when combustor pressure drops vary in the range 3 to 10%. Such efficiency values are comparatively higher than those achieved by diffusive flame combustor with inert dilution. Finally, the study investigated the effects of decreasing the maximum operating blade temperature so as to cope with possible degradation mechanisms induced by hydrogen combustion.

Analysis of Intermediate Temperature Combined Cycles With a Carbon Dioxide Topping Cycle

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chacartegui ◽  
D. Sa´nchez ◽  
F. Jime´nez-Espadafor ◽  
A. Mun˜oz ◽  
T. Sa´nchez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Topping Cycle

The development of high efficiency solar power plants based on gas turbine technology presents two problems, both of them directly associated with the solar power plant receiver design and the power plant size: lower turbine intake temperature and higher pressure drops in heat exchangers than in a conventional gas turbine. To partially solve these problems, different configurations of combined cycles composed of a closed cycle carbon dioxide gas turbine as topping cycle have been analyzed. The main advantage of the Brayton carbon dioxide cycle is its high net shaft work to expansion work ratio, in the range of 0.7–0.85 at supercritical compressor intake pressures, which is very close to that of the Rankine cycle. This feature will reduce the negative effects of pressure drops and will be also very interesting for cycles with moderate turbine inlet temperature (800–1000 K). Intercooling and reheat options are also considered. Furthermore, different working fluids have been analyzed for the bottoming cycle, seeking the best performance of the combined cycle in the ranges of temperatures considered.

Ultra-Low NOx Advanced Vortex Combustor

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan G. Edmonds ◽  
Robert C. Steele ◽  
Joseph T. Williams ◽  
Douglas L. Straub ◽  
Kent H. Casleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lean Premixed

An ultra lean-premixed Advanced Vortex Combustor (AVC) has been developed and tested. The natural gas fueled AVC was tested at the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (USDOE NETL) test facility in Morgantown (WV). All testing was performed at elevated pressures and inlet temperatures and at lean fuel-air ratios representative of industrial gas turbines. The improved AVC design exhibited simultaneous NOx/CO/UHC emissions of 4/4/0 ppmv (all emissions are at 15% O2 dry). The design also achieved less than 3 ppmv NOx with combustion efficiencies in excess of 99.5%. The design demonstrated tremendous acoustic dynamic stability over a wide range of operating conditions which potentially makes this approach significantly more attractive than other lean premixed combustion approaches. In addition, a pressure drop of 1.75% was measured which is significantly lower than conventional gas turbine combustors. Potentially, this lower pressure drop characteristic of the AVC concept translates into overall gas turbine cycle efficiency improvements of up to one full percentage point. The relatively high velocities and low pressure drops achievable with this technology make the AVC approach an attractive alternative for syngas fuel applications.

Split Stream Boilers for High-Temperature/High-Pressure Topping Steam Turbine Combined Cycles

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Research and development work on high-temperature and high-pressure (up to 1500°F TIT and 4500 psia) topping steam turbines and associated steam generators for steam power plants as well as combined cycle plants is being carried forward by DOE, EPRI, and independent companies. Aeroderivative gas turbines and heavy-duty gas turbines both will require exhaust gas supplementary firing to achieve high throttle temperatures. This paper presents an analysis and examples of a split stream boiler arrangement for high-temperature and high-pressure topping steam turbine combined cycles. A portion of the gas turbine exhaust flow is run in parallel with a conventional heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This side stream is supplementary fired opposed to the current practice of full exhaust flow firing. Chemical fuel gas recuperation can be incorporated in the side stream as an option. A significant combined cycle efficiency gain of 2 to 4 percentage points can be realized using this split stream approach. Calculations and graphs show how the DOE goal of 60 percent combined cycle efficiency burning natural gas fuel can be exceeded. The boiler concept is equally applicable to the integrated coal gas fuel combined cycle (IGCC).

Split Stream Boilers for High Temperature/High Pressure Topping Steam Turbine Combined Cycles

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Research and Development work on high temperature and high pressure (up to 1500 °F TIT and 4500 psia)1 topping steam turbines and associated steam generators for steam power plants as well as combined cycle plants is being carried forward by DOE, EPRI and independent companies. Aero Derivative gas turbines and Heavy Duty gas turbines both will require exhaust gas supplementary firing to achieve high throttle temperatures. This paper presents an analysis and examples of a split stream boiler arrangement for high temperature and high pressure topping steam turbine combined cycles. A portion of the gas turbine exhaust flow is run in parallel with a conventional heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This side stream is supplementary fired opposed to current practice of full exhaust flow firing. Chemical fuel gas recuperation can be incorporated in the side stream as an option. A significant combined cycle efficiency gain of 2 to 4 percentage points can be realized using this split stream approach. Calculations and graphs show how the DOE goal of 60 % combined cycle efficiency burning natural gas fuel can be exceeded. The boiler concept is equally applicable to the integrated coal gas fuel combined cycle (IGCC).

Thermodynamics of an Isothermal Gas Turbine Combined Cycle

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. El-Masri ◽  
J. H. Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Isothermal Gas ◽  
Technological Constraints ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Steam Cycle

The isothermal (or multiple-reheat) gas turbine performs the combustion/work extraction process at a sustained, elevated temperature. This has distinct thermodynamic advantages in combined cycles for given peak temperature constraints. A thermodynamic model for this cycle is developed. Although based on a simple CO/CO2/O2 chemcial system the results are applicable to other reactants and dilutants. Combined cycle efficiency is reported for different gas turbine pressure ratios, peak temperatures, reactant dilution and steam cycle conditions. The range of parameters investigated starts from present-day advanced technologies and examines the potential of higher pressures and temperatures. Balances of thermodynamic availability are used to interpret the results. They show that for a given steam cycle and gas turbine pressure ratio, increasing peak temperature beyond a certain value provides sharply diminishing return. This is because the reduction in combustion irreversibility is offset by increased heat transfer irreversibility. Higher pressure ratios or steam cycle temperatures can raise this optimum peak temperature. In view of the various technological constraints, the authors’ conclusion is that an isothermal gas turbine with a peak temperature and pressure-ratio of about 1600K and 100:1, respectively, represents the most promising next step in technology. Coupled with existing advanced steam cycles this should provide efficiencies in the 60 percent range.

Alstom Gas Turbine Technology Trends

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Marchmont ◽  
Stefan Florjancic
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Effective Part

The power generation mix is in transition with more and more electricity generated by renewable sources. Combined cycle power plants will have to partner with renewable sources and compensate for their fluctuating nature. In preparation for the next generation combined cycles, gas turbine technology development needs to continue to lower the lifecycle costs through increased efficiency, extended maintenance cycles, and reduced emissions. It must now also develop fast ramping capability, account for a wider variation in fuel composition and provide an emission effective part load operation. These needs will be met by refining state of the art technologies and by adding new technologies. This paper provides an overview of the research and development activities and resulting trend in Alstom gas turbine technologies.

A New Superalloy Enabling Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Wheels for Improved Combined Cycle Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Detor ◽  
◽  
Richard DiDomizio ◽  
Don McAllister ◽  
Erica Sampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis of Different Configurations of Combined Cycle Power Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Munzer S. Y. Ebaid ◽  
Qusai Z. Al-hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

<p class="1Body">Several modifications have been made to the simple gas turbine cycle in order to increase its thermal efficiency but within the thermal and mechanical stress constrain, the efficiency still ranges between 38 and 42%. The concept of using combined cycle power or CPP plant would be more attractive in hot countries than the combined heat and power or CHP plant. The current work deals with the performance of different configurations of the gas turbine engine operating as a part of the combined cycle power plant. The results showed that the maximum CPP cycle efficiency would be at a point for which the gas turbine cycle would have neither its maximum efficiency nor its maximum specific work output. It has been shown that supplementary heating or gas turbine reheating would decrease the CPP cycle efficiency; hence, it could only be justified at low gas turbine inlet temperatures. Also it has been shown that although gas turbine intercooling would enhance the performance of the gas turbine cycle, it would have only a slight effect on the CPP cycle performance.</p>

Optimization of Advanced Liquid Natural Gas-Fuelled Combined Cycle Machinery Systems for a High-Speed Ferry

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Anne Tveitaskog ◽  
Fredrik Haglind
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Cycle

This paper is aimed at designing and optimizing combined cycles for marine applications. For this purpose, an in-house numerical simulation tool called DNA (Dynamic Network Analysis) and a genetic algorithm-based optimization routine are used. The top cycle is modeled as the aero-derivative gas turbine LM2500, while four options for bottoming cycles are modeled. Firstly, a single pressure steam cycle, secondly a dual-pressure steam cycle, thirdly an ORC using toluene as the working fluid and an intermediate oil loop as the heat carrier, and lastly an ABC with inter-cooling are modeled. Furthermore, practical and operational aspects of using these three machinery systems for a high-speed ferry are discussed. Two scenarios are evaluated. The first scenario evaluates the combined cycles with a given power requirement, optimizing the combined cycle while operating the gas turbine at part load. The second scenario evaluates the combined cycle with the gas turbine operated at full load. For the first scenario, the results suggest that the thermal efficiencies of the combined gas and steam cycles are 46.3% and 48.2% for the single pressure and dual pressure steam cycles, respectively. The gas ORC and gas ABC combined cycles obtained thermal efficiencies of 45.6% and 41.9%, respectively. For the second scenario, the results suggest that the thermal efficiencies of the combined gas and steam cycles are 53.5% and 55.3% for the single pressure and dual pressure steam cycles, respectively. The gas ORC and gas ABC combined cycles obtained thermal efficiencies of 51.0% and 47.8%, respectively.

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