Inverse Aeroacoustic Design of Axial Fans Using Genetic Optimization and the Lattice-Boltzmann Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stadler ◽  
Michael B. Schmitz ◽  
Wolfgang Laufer ◽  
Peter Ragg
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Inverse Design ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
Axial Fans ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

The noise emitted by axial fans plays an integral role in product design. When conventional design procedures are applied, the aeroacoustic properties are controlled via an extensive trial-and-error process. This involves building physical prototypes and performing acoustic measurements. In general, this procedure makes it difficult for a designer to gain an understanding of the functional relationship between the noise and geometrical parameters of the fan. Hence, it is difficult for a human designer to control the aeroacoustic properties of the fan. To reduce the complexity of this process, we propose an inverse design methodology driven by a genetic algorithm. It aims to find the fan geometry for a set of given objectives. These include, most notably, the sound pressure frequency spectrum, aerodynamic efficiency, and pressure head. Individual bands of the sound pressure frequency spectrum may be controlled implicitly as a function of certain geometric parameters of the fan. In keeping with inverse design theory, we represent the design of axial fans as a multi-objective multiparameter optimization problem. The individual geometric components of the fan (e.g., rotor blades, winglets, guide vanes, shroud, and diffusor) are represented by free-form surfaces. In particular, each blade of the fan is individually parameterized. Hence, the resulting fan is composed of geometrically different blades. This approach is useful when studying noise reduction. For the analysis of the flow field and associated objectives, we utilize a standard Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver. However, for the evaluation of the generated noise, a meshless lattice-Boltzmann solver is employed. The method is demonstrated for a small axial fan, for which tonal noise is reduced.

Inverse Aeroacoustic Design of Axial Fans Using Genetic Optimization and the Lattice-Boltzmann Method

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stadler ◽  
Michael B. Schmitz ◽  
Wolfgang Laufer ◽  
Peter Ragg
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Inverse Design ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
Axial Fans ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

The noise emitted by axial fans plays an integral role in product design. When conventional design procedures are applied, aeroacoustic properties are controlled via an extensive trial-and-error process. This involves building physical prototypes and performing acoustic measurements. In general, this procedure makes it difficult for a designer to gain an understanding of the functional relationship between noise and geometrical parameters of the fan. Hence, it is difficult for a human designer to control the aeroacoustic properties of the fan. To reduce the complexity of this process, we propose an inverse design methodology driven by a genetic algorithm. It aims to find the fan geometry for a set of given objectives. These include, most notably, the sound pressure frequency spectrum, aerodynamic efficiency, pressure head and flow rate. Individual bands of the sound pressure frequency spectrum may be controlled implicitly as a function of certain geometric parameters of the fan. In keeping with inverse design theory, we represent the design of axial fans as a multi-objective, multi-parameter optimization problem. The individual geometric components of the fan (e.g., rotor blades, winglets, guide vanes, shroud and diffusor) are represented by free-form surfaces. In particular, each blade of the fan is parameterized individually. Hence, the resulting fan is composed of geometrically different blades. This approach is useful when studying noise reduction. For the analysis of the flow field and associated objectives, we utilize a standard RANS solver. However, for the evaluation of the generated noise, a meshless Lattice-Boltzmann solver is employed. The method is demonstrated for a small axial fan, for which tonal noise is reduced.

Theoretical Research on Polishing Free-Form Surface with Magnetic Abrasive Finishing

2008 ◽  
Vol 392-394 ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Dong Zhang ◽  
Ming Lv ◽  
H.L. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Magnetic Pole ◽  
Computer Aided Geometric Design ◽  
Magnetic Abrasive Finishing ◽  
Abrasive Finishing ◽  
Free Form Surface ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

In the paper, polishing free-form surfaces of die are studied with magnetic abrasive finishing. The principle of magnetic abrasive finishing free-form surface, the design of magnetic pole, the composition and categories of magnetic abrasive are introduced. Through digitizing of free-form surface by using trimmed NURBS, based on residual roughness, machining accuracy and other parameters, the offset variable of free-form surface, which is the path of magnetic pole, is derived with the computer aided geometric design theory. These will provide theoretic foundation for the realization of finishing free-form surfaces of die automatically.

Cross Wind Influence on Noise Emission and Computed Vibrational Noise of an Axial Fan

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Heinemann ◽  
Sven Münsterjohann ◽  
Florian Zenger ◽  
Stefan Becker
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Axial Fans ◽  
Operating Points

The total noise emissions of two commercial axial fans were measured in a semi-anechoic fan test rig in comparison. The total sound pressure levels and the respective spectra were found to change with the fans’ operating points. Increasing fan flow rates lowered the total acoustic pressure, with a broadband shift towards higher frequencies, keeping perceived (A-weighted) sound pressure levels approximately constant over a wide range of operating points. In a second step, Laser Scanning Vibrometry measurements of the fan blades’ axial motion were conducted in comparison inside a wind tunnel fan test rig. Rotating blade surface vibration data was used as sole input to a Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings algorithm, to estimate noise emission from vibration. The computed noise from surface vibration was found to be hardly affected by the change of fan flow rate. In the application of an axial fan subject to natural wind or induced cross flow at its inlet, the flow field and possible noise emission of the fan changes. Microphone measurements of the cross flow influence inside a semi-anechoic wind tunnel revealed increasing broadband noise with ambient flow field velocity, and an amplification of the sound at the blade passing frequency harmonics. Similar excitations of the blade passing frequency harmonics under cross flow influence were also found in sound pressure spectra computations based on the Laser Scanning Vibrometry measurement data captured in the wind tunnel fan test rig. Blade vibration is considered to contribute to the low frequency tonal noise emission of axial fans operating under cross flow conditions.

Inverse Analytical and Computational Design Method Applied to a Low Pressure Axial Fan

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Miclea-Bleiziffer ◽  
Philipp Epple ◽  
Antonio Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Inverse Design ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Axial Fans

Nowadays precise and reliable tools for designing and optimizing turbomachines have a high impact on industrial and research fields. The design methods of turbomachines follow usually two main paths: direct design, where performances are achieved by iteratively modifying a given geometry, and inverse design where performance characteristics are prescribed and the proper geometry for reaching them is found (usually using analytical methods). Both of these methods are used today in research and development and they are coupled with numerical simulations (CFD) for shorter design cycles. This paper proposes an inverse design approach for low pressure axial fans based upon performance equations, namely the equations for total-to-static pressure and efficiency. To validate our approach we use numerical simulation of the axial fan in a virtual test rig. Combining inverse design with the CFD for its validation offers an integrated approach for improving the design in the development phase. In the first step analytical energy equations are derived for a blade cascade section and then integrated over the blade surface, i.e. from hub to tip radii, providing a dependency of the theoretical performances characteristics such as for the pressure and the efficiency, as a function of the flow-rate, rotating speed and the outer dimensions and blade angles of the machine. The next step computes inversely the main outer dimensions and blade angles of the geometry required for reaching the performance. In the final design step the blade shape is computed inversely using a NACA 4 Digit camber as it will be shown in the paper upon the required blade angles and other constrains of the cascade. The final shape is generated in CAD software-program and then a proper computational grid is generated so that it can be finally simulated with a commercial Navier-Stokes solver for the complete pressure and efficiency characteristics. The aim of this study is to offer general conclusions about the analytical influence of certain geometry parameters on the design and optimization of axial fans of this type. The last step for the proposed design method is typically the experimental validation with prototypes which will be not covered in this study.

scholarly journals Construction and analysis of unified 4-point interpolating nonstationary subdivision surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehwish Bari ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Abdul Ghaffar ◽  
Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar ◽  
Dumitru Baleanu
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Geometric Modeling ◽  
Tension Control ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Subdivision Surfaces ◽  
Smooth Curves ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Tension Parameter ◽  
Exact Reproduction ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

AbstractSubdivision schemes (SSs) have been the heart of computer-aided geometric design almost from its origin, and several unifications of SSs have been established. SSs are commonly used in computer graphics, and several ways were discovered to connect smooth curves/surfaces generated by SSs to applied geometry. To construct the link between nonstationary SSs and applied geometry, in this paper, we unify the interpolating nonstationary subdivision scheme (INSS) with a tension control parameter, which is considered as a generalization of 4-point binary nonstationary SSs. The proposed scheme produces a limit surface having $C^{1}$ C 1 smoothness. It generates circular images, spirals, or parts of conics, which are important requirements for practical applications in computer graphics and geometric modeling. We also establish the rules for arbitrary topology for extraordinary vertices (valence ≥3). The well-known subdivision Kobbelt scheme (Kobbelt in Comput. Graph. Forum 15(3):409–420, 1996) is a particular case. We can visualize the performance of the unified scheme by taking different values of the tension parameter. It provides an exact reproduction of parametric surfaces and is used in the processing of free-form surfaces in engineering.

Automatic Generation of Anisotropic Patterns of Geometric Features for Industrial Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Andrade ◽  
Ved Vyas ◽  
Kenji Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Geometric Features ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

While modern computer aided design (CAD) systems currently offer tools for generating simple patterns, such as uniformly spaced rectangular or radial patterns, these tools are limited in several ways: (1) They cannot be applied to free-form geometries used in industrial design, (2) patterning of these features happens within a single working plane and is not applicable to highly curved surfaces, and (3) created features lack anisotropy and spatial variations, such as changes in the size and orientation of geometric features within a given region. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for creating anisotropic patterns of geometric features on free-form surfaces. Complex patterns are generated automatically, such that they conform to the boundary of any specified target region. Furthermore, user input of a small number of geometric features (called “seed features”) of desired size and orientation in preferred locations could be specified within the target domain. These geometric seed features are then transformed into tensors and used as boundary conditions to generate a Riemannian metric tensor field. A form of Laplace's heat equation is used to produce the field over the target domain, subject to specified boundary conditions. The field represents the anisotropic pattern of geometric features. This procedure is implemented as an add-on for a commercial CAD package to add geometric features to a target region of a three-dimensional model using two set operations: union and subtraction. This method facilitates the creation of a complex pattern of hundreds of geometric features in less than 5 min. All the features are accessible from the CAD system, and if required, they are manipulable individually by the user.

scholarly journals Development of Non-contact Profile Sensor for 3-D Free-form Surfaces (1st Report)

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1886-1892
Author(s):  
Takashi MIYOSHI ◽  
Hiroshi AOKI ◽  
Katsumasa SAITO
Keyword(s):  
Free Form ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

Fully Free-Form Deformation Features (δ-F4) Incorporating Discontinuities

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Cheutet ◽  
Jean-Philippe Pernot ◽  
Jean-Claude Leon ◽  
Bianca Falcidieno ◽  
Franca Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
Free Form Deformation ◽  
Deformation Features ◽  
Generate Surface ◽  
Prototype Software ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

To limit low-level manipulations of free-form surfaces, the concept of Fully Free Form Deformation Features (δ-F4) have been introduced. They correspond to shapes obtained by deformation of a surface area according to specified geometric constraints. In our work, we mainly focused on those features aimed at enforcing the visual effect of the so-called character lines, extensively used by designers to specify the shape of an object. Therefore, in the proposed approach, 3D lines are used to drive surface deformation over specified areas. Depending on the wished shape and reflection light effects, the insertion of character lines may generate surface tangency discontinuities. In CAD systems, such kind of discontinuities is generally created by a decomposition of the initial surface into several patches. This process can be tedious and very complex, depending on the shape of the deformation area and the desired surface continuity. Here, a method is proposed to create discontinuities on a surface, using the trimming properties of surfaces. The corresponding deformation features produce the resulting surface in a single modification step and handle simultaneously more constraints than current CAD systems. The principle of the proposed approach is based on arbitrary shaped discontinuities in the parameter domain of the surface to allow the surface exhibiting geometric discontinuities at user-prescribed points or along lines. The proposed approach is illustrated with examples obtained using our prototype software.

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