Wireless Underground Sensor Networks: System in Support of Future Agriculture

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet C. Vuran ◽  
Xin Dong ◽  
Kurt Preston
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
World Population ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
The Future ◽  
Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

World population growth results in a grand challenge to develop new and more sustainable agricultural methods. Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) are an example of how nano and microsensors may be used in the future to monitor and optimize agricultural production. This short communication examines the recent advancements toward the realization of wireless underground sensor networks and a few key challenges that can be addressed by the improvements in nanotechnology.

Global Earthquake Fatalities and Population

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Holzer ◽  
James C. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Background Rate ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
Human Death ◽  
Earthquake Fatalities

Modern global earthquake fatalities can be separated into two components: (1) fatalities from an approximately constant annual background rate that is independent of world population growth and (2) fatalities caused by earthquakes with large human death tolls, the frequency of which is dependent on world population. Earthquakes with death tolls greater than 100,000 (and 50,000) have increased with world population and obey a nonstationary Poisson distribution with rate proportional to population. We predict that the number of earthquakes with death tolls greater than 100,000 (50,000) will increase in the 21st century to 8.7±3.3 (20.5±4.3) from 4 (7) observed in the 20th century if world population reaches 10.1 billion in 2100. Combining fatalities caused by the background rate with fatalities caused by catastrophic earthquakes ( >100,000 fatalities) indicates global fatalities in the 21st century will be 2.57±0.64 million if the average post-1900 death toll for catastrophic earthquakes (193,000) is assumed.

Demographic factors in attitudes towards population growth and control

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry D. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
City Size ◽  
World Population ◽  
Population Limitation ◽  
Business Executive ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
And Control

Using two Gallup polls, which together contained three questions on the attitudes of adult Americans towards population growth and control, a multivariate analysis was conducted of the relationship to each question of nine demographic factors: age, city size, education, family income, occupation of the household head, race, region, religion and sex. Only education and religion showed an intrinsic relationship with attitudes. Specifically, the extent of endorsement of the view that the world population growth rate is a serious problem, and of the view that population limitation will, at some time, be necessary, increased with education. Among those whose family income was at least $10,000 and those whose house-hold head was a professional or business executive, Protestants were more likely than Catholics to view US and world population growth rates as serious and to consider population limitation necessary.

scholarly journals The introduction of the newest biotechnologies is necessary for sustainable agricultural development and needs the sufficient investments

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Vasily Nechaev ◽  
Alex Gaponenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
World Population ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
World Agriculture

Abstract Authors of the analytical report «World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050» made conclusion that growing global demand for food cannot be satisfied if the agricultural production in the world does not increase by 60% for the next 40 years (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012). This could be achieved only by increase the plants productivity, not at the expense of expansion farms land, because to 2050 area of world lands will grow on 5%. World population growth and reduction of the world area planted with wheat has alerted governments of G20, which adopted “The International Research Initiative for Wheat Improvement”. Wheat biotechnology rapidly evolves throughout the world. In 2009 three major wheat exporting countries have signed the declaration to speed up the commercialization of GM-wheat. In this article we evaluated the genetic engineering achievements, and their usage for increasing profitability of wheat.

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