A Generalized Equation for Scattering Cross Section of Spherical Gas Bubbles Oscillating in Liquids Under Acoustic Excitation

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Resonance Region ◽  
Generalized Equation ◽  
Scattering Cross Section ◽  
Acoustic Excitation ◽  
Spherical Waves ◽  
Scattering Cross

When irradiated by acoustic waves, gas bubbles can generate divergent spherical waves, which are frequently used to detect the sizes and number density of the gas bubbles. In this paper, a generalized equation for scattering cross section of spherical gas bubbles oscillating in liquids under acoustic excitation is proposed. Comparing with formulas in the literature, this generalized equation can improve the predictions of acoustical scattering cross section in the near-resonance region with high ambient pressure and above-resonance region.

Bubble acoustical scattering cross section under multi-frequency acoustic excitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 074301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Shi ◽  
De-sen Yang ◽  
Hao-yang Zhang ◽  
Sheng-guo Shi ◽  
Song Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Scattering Cross Section ◽  
Acoustic Excitation ◽  
Scattering Cross

Mass Determination by Direct Measurement of Electron Scattering

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
M. K. Lamvik ◽  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Variable Mass ◽  
Scattering Cross Section ◽  
Mass Determination ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thin Slice ◽  
Scattering Cross

If a molecule or atom of material has molecular weight A, the number density of such units is given by n=Nρ/A, where N is Avogadro's number and ρ is the mass density of the material. The amount of scattering from each unit can be written by assigning an imaginary cross-sectional area σ to each unit. If the current I0 is incident on a thin slice of material of thickness z and the current I remains unscattered, then the scattering cross-section σ is defined by I=IOnσz. For a specimen that is not thin, the definition must be applied to each imaginary thin slice and the result I/I0 =exp(-nσz) is obtained by integrating over the whole thickness. It is useful to separate the variable mass-thickness w=ρz from the other factors to yield I/I0 =exp(-sw), where s=Nσ/A is the scattering cross-section per unit mass.

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