Evaporative Cooling of Gas Turbine Engines

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
End User ◽  
Very High ◽  
Improve Reliability ◽  
Selection Of

There are numerous gas turbine applications in power generation and mechanical drive service where power drop during the periods of high ambient temperature has a very detrimental effect on the production of power or process throughput. Several geographical locations experience very high temperatures with low coincident relative humidities. In such cases media evaporative cooling can be effectively applied as a low cost power augmentation technique. Several misconceptions exist regarding their applicability to evaporative cooling, the most prevalent being that they can only be applied in extremely dry regions. This paper provides a detailed treatment of media evaporative cooling, discussing aspects that would be of value to an end user, including selection of climatic design points, constructional features of evaporative coolers, thermodynamic aspects of its effect on gas turbines, and approaches to improve reliability. It is hoped that this paper will be of value to plant designers, engineering companies, and operating companies that are considering the use of media evaporative cooling.

Evaporative Cooling of Gas Turbine Engines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
End User ◽  
Very High ◽  
Improve Reliability ◽  
Selection Of

There are numerous gas turbine applications in power generation and mechanical drive service where power drop during the periods of high ambient temperature has a very detrimental effect on the production of power or process throughput. Several geographical locations experience very high temperatures with low coincident relative humidities. In such cases media evaporative cooling can be effectively applied as a low cost power augmentation technique. Several misconceptions exist regarding their applicability of evaporative cooling the most prevalent being that they can only be applied in extremely dry regions. This paper provides a detailed treatment of media evaporative cooling, discussing aspects that would be of value to an end user including selection of climatic design points, constructional features of evaporative coolers, thermodynamic aspects of its effect on gas turbines and approaches to improve reliability. It is hoped that this paper will be of value to plant designers, engineering companies and operating companies that are considering the use of media evaporative cooling.

Design, Development and Application of Vehicle Gas Turbine Engines

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
P. A. Phillips ◽  
Peter Spear
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cycle Temperature

After briefly summarizing worldwide automotive gas turbine activity, the paper analyses the power plant requirements of a wide range of vehicle applications in order to formulate the design criteria for acceptable vehicle gas turbines. Ample data are available on the thermodynamic merits of various gas turbine cycles; however, the low cost of its piston engine competitor tends to eliminate all but the simplest cycles from vehicle gas turbine considerations. In order to improve the part load fuel economy, some complexity is inevitable, but this is limited to the addition of a glass ceramic regenerator in the 150 b.h.p. engine which is described in some detail. The alternative further complications necessary to achieve satisfactory vehicle response at various power/weight ratios are examined. Further improvement in engine performance will come by increasing the maximum cycle temperature. This can be achieved at lower cost by the extension of the use of ceramics. The paper is intended to stimulate the design application of the gas turbine engine.

scholarly journals Inlet Air Fogging of Marine Gas Turbine in Power Output Loss Compensation

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygfryd Domachowski ◽  
Marek Dzida
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Output Loss ◽  
Direct Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Loss Compensation ◽  
The World

Abstract The use of inlet air fogging installation to boost the power for gas turbine engines is widely applied in the power generation sector. The application of fogging to mechanical drive is rarely considered in literature [1]. This paper will cover some considerations relating to its application for gas turbines in ship drive. There is an important evaporative cooling potential throughout the world, when the dynamic data is evaluated, based on an analysis of coincident wet and dry bulb information. This data will allow ships’ gas turbine operators to make an assessment of the economics of evaporative fogging. The paper represents an introduction to the methodology and data analysis to derive the direct evaporative cooling potential to be used in marine gas turbine power output loss compensation.

Danish Navy Experience With the KV-72 LM2500 CODOG Propulsion Plant

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bent Hansen ◽  
Sloth Larsen ◽  
John W. Tenhundfeld
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Joint Effort ◽  
General Electric Company ◽  
Electric Company ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Selection Of

For more than twenty years the Royal Danish Navy (RDN) has been using gas turbine engines for propulsion of fast patrol vessels as well as frigates. This paper, which is the result of a joint effort by the Royal Danish Navy, Aalborg Vaerft Shipyard, and General Electric Company USA, describes how the propulsion system design was developed using previous RDN gas turbine system experience. A detailed description of the ship, the selection of machinery, and design of the propulsion configuration, including the LM2500 gas turbine module, is included. The three Royal Danish “KV-72” corvettes of the NIELS JUEL class have now been in operation for almost three years. Since the start-up of the NIELS JUEL machinery in November 1978 the CODOG propulsion plants aboard this class have accumulated more than 8,000 running hours, of which over 1,500 hours have been in the gas turbine or “sprint” drive mode. Operational experience with the GE LM2500 gas turbines is also described.

Evaporative Cooling of Gas Turbine Engines: Climatic Analysis and Application in High Humidity Regions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Augmentation Techniques

There are numerous power generation and mechanical drive gas turbine applications where the power drop caused by high ambient temperatures has a very detrimental effect on the production of power or process throughput. Media evaporative cooling and inlet fogging are common low cost power augmentation techniques applied to reduce these losses. Several misconceptions exist regarding the applicability of evaporative cooling to what are often called “high humidity” regions. There is a sizable evaporative cooling potential in most locations when climatic data is evaluated based on an analysis of coincident wet bulb and dry bulb data. This data is not readily available to plant users and designers. This paper provides a detailed treatment of available climatic data bases and presents actual climatic data from several world wide locations to show that considerable cooling potential actually exists even in high humidity regions. It is hoped that this paper will be of value to plant designers, engineering and operating companies that are considering the use of evaporative cooling for power augmentation.

Selection of a High-Efficiency Regenerator for Pipeline Gas Turbines

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The dramatically rising cost of hydrocarbon fuel in recent years has reemphasized industry attention to high thermal efficiency for its pipeline compressor drive gas turbine engines. The advent of a new stainless steel plate-fin industrial regenerator has made possible greatly improved gas turbine thermal efficiency, compact installation, and long life. The selection of the optimum match of regenerator effectiveness and pressure drop with engine characteristics is discussed together with the size and cost impact of these parameters. New design features are developed that ensure historical regenerator problems are handled effectively.

scholarly journals Borescope Photographic Techniques Developed for Marine Gas Turbine Engines

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ridler
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Selection Of

This paper discusses photographic techniques developed for marine gas turbine engines. Of primary importance in borescope analysis and photography of marine gas turbines is the selection of the best equipment for the job. It is important that the user know his equipment and its range and limitations. There is no precedent for sacrificing light intensity, limited field of vision, or optical clarity. Once a borescope system has been selected, there are many other variables which must be considered in order to obtain high quality, clear and representative photographs.

scholarly journals A High Efficiency Recuperated Cycle, Optimized for Reliable, Low Cost, Industrial Gas Turbine Engines

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Ragland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
World Market ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Engine Cycle

With the increasing need for more efficient industrial gas turbine engines, the recuperated engine cycle is being considered as a means of meeting these needs. This paper discusses a recuperated cycle design that is optimized to take full advantage of the recuperator but at the same time accommodate the real world market constraints of reliability, durability and cost. Current simple cycle industrial engines are evolving to very high pressure ratios and high firing temperatures in order to reach cycle efficiencies in the 37% to 39% range. Some simple cycle industrial gas turbines with lower cycle pressure ratios and firing temperatures have been modified so a recuperated option can be added. Although the addition of a recuperator to these engines does improve cycle efficiency, levels of only the 33% to 35% range are reached. This is mainly due to the fact that the resulting cycles are not optimized for a recuperator. An engine cycle that is optimized around a recuperator could obtain cycle efficiencies in the 43% to 45% range. Fortunately, this cycle optimizes at low pressure ratios and modest firing temperatures which results in lower cost components which tend to offset the additional cost of the recuperator.

A Comparison of Some Heat Transfer Surfaces for Small Gas Turbine Recuperators

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esa Utriainen ◽  
Bengt Sundén
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Micro Turbine ◽  
Goodness Factor ◽  
Design Calculations

For small gas turbines a recuperator is mandatory to achieve high thermal efficiencies, 30 percent and higher. As the recuperator represents 25–30 percent of the overall machine cost, efforts are now being focused on establishing new low cost recuperator concepts for gas turbine engines. In this paper a comparison of four different heat transfer surfaces is performed for a recuperator for a representative 50 kW micro turbine. Two standard methods of comparison, the so-called volume goodness factor and the flow area goodness factor, were used to choose several promising heat transfer surfaces for design calculations of a recuperator heat transfer matrix. Thus a direct comparison of recuperator matrix dimensions, volume and weight is possible for the selected surfaces. The hydraulic diameter is equal for all surfaces thus only their thermohydraulic performances are compared. In this paper details of the heat transfer surface geometries as well as the resulting recuperator matrix dimensions, volumes and weights are presented.

scholarly journals Progress in Novel Electrodeposited Bond Coats for Thermal Barrier Coating Systems

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4214
Author(s):  
Kranthi Kumar Maniam ◽  
Shiladitya Paul
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Barrier Coating ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Bond Coats ◽  
Barrier Coating

The increased demand for high performance gas turbine engines has resulted in a continuous search for new base materials and coatings. With the significant developments in nickel-based superalloys, the quest for developments related to thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems is increasing rapidly and is considered a key area of research. Of key importance are the processing routes that can provide the required coating properties when applied on engine components with complex shapes, such as turbine vanes, blades, etc. Despite significant research and development in the coating systems, the scope of electrodeposition as a potential alternative to the conventional methods of producing bond coats has only been realised to a limited extent. Additionally, their effectiveness in prolonging the alloys’ lifetime is not well understood. This review summarises the work on electrodeposition as a coating development method for application in high temperature alloys for gas turbine engines and discusses the progress in the coatings that combine electrodeposition and other processes to achieve desired bond coats. The overall aim of this review is to emphasise the role of electrodeposition as a potential cost-effective alternative to produce bond coats. Besides, the developments in the electrodeposition of aluminium from ionic liquids for potential applications in gas turbines and the nuclear sector, as well as cost considerations and future challenges, are reviewed with the crucial raw materials’ current and future savings scenarios in mind.

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