Thermodynamics-Based Control of Network Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan M. Berg ◽  
D. H. S. Maithripala ◽  
Qing Hui ◽  
Wassim M. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Distributed Consensus ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Consensus Control ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics

The zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics define the concepts of thermal equilibrium and thermal energy. The second law of thermodynamics determines whether a particular transfer of thermal energy can occur. Collectively, these fundamental laws of nature imply that a closed collection of thermodynamic subsystems will tend to thermal equilibrium. This paper generalizes the concepts of energy, entropy, and temperature to undirected and directed networks of single integrators, and demonstrates how thermodynamic principles can be applied to the design of distributed consensus control algorithms for networked dynamical systems.

First and second laws of thermodynamics: relationship, “inconsistency”, hidden effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
A. M. Savchenko ◽  
Yu. V. Konovalov ◽  
A. V. Laushkin
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Entropy Of Mixing ◽  
Ideal Mixing ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the first and second laws of thermodynamics based on their energy nature is considered. It is noted that the processes described by the second law of thermodynamics often take place hidden within the system, which makes it difficult to detect them. Nevertheless, even with ideal mixing, an increase in the internal energy of the system occurs, numerically equal to an increase in free energy. The largest contribution to the change in the value of free energy is made by the entropy of mixing, which has energy significance. The entropy of mixing can do the job, which is confirmed in particular by osmotic processes.

The Analogical Turn (1884–1887)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Darrigol
Keyword(s):  
Boltzmann Equation ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Mechanical System ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Equipartition Theorem ◽  
Royal Road ◽  
H Theorem

This chapter recounts how Boltzmann reacted to Hermann Helmholtz’s analogy between thermodynamic systems and a special kind of mechanical system (the “monocyclic systems”) by grouping all attempts to relate thermodynamics to mechanics, including the kinetic-molecular analogy, into a family of partial analogies all derivable from what we would now call a microcanonical ensemble. At that time, Boltzmann regarded ensemble-based statistical mechanics as the royal road to the laws of thermal equilibrium (as we now do). In the same period, he returned to the Boltzmann equation and the H theorem in reply to Peter Guthrie Tait’s attack on the equipartition theorem. He also made a non-technical survey of the second law of thermodynamics seen as a law of probability increase.

A Micro Combined Heat and Power Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Gholizadeh ◽  
M. B. Shafii ◽  
M. H. Saidi
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Entropy Production ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Entropy Production Rate ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics

In modeling and designing micro combined heat and power cycle most important point is recognition of how the cycle operates based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics simultaneously. Analyzing data obtained from thermodynamic analysis employed to optimize MCHP cycle. The data obtained from prime mover optimization has been used for basic stimulus cycle. Assumptions considered for prime mover optimization has been improved, for example in making optimum operation condition by using genetic algorithms constant pressure combustion chamber was considered. The exact value of downstream and upstream pressure changes in the combustion chamber reaction has been obtained. After extraction of the appropriate relationship for the primary stimulus cycle, data required for the overall cycle analysis identified, By using these data optimum total cycle efficiency and constructing the first and second laws of thermodynamics has been calculated for it. After reviewing Thermodynamic governing relations in each cycle and using the optimum values that the prime mover has been optimized with, other cycles have been optimized. In best performance condition of cycle, electrical efficiency was 41 percent and the overall efficiency of the cycle was 88 percent, respectively. After using the second law of thermodynamics mathematical model Second law of thermodynamics efficiency and entropy production rate was estimated. Second law of thermodynamics yield best performance against the 45.14 percent and the rate of entropy production in this case equal to 0.099 kW/K respectively.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics in Modified Gravity with Curvature Matter Coupling

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sharif ◽  
M. Zubair
Keyword(s):  
Modified Gravity ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Production Term ◽  
Matter Coupling ◽  
Generalized Second Law ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Coupling Parameters ◽  
Modified Theory

The first and generalized second laws of thermodynamics are studied inf(R,Lm)gravity, a more general modified theory with curvature matter coupling. It is found that one can translate the Friedmann equations to the form of first law accompanied with entropy production term. This behavior is due to the nonequilibrium thermodynamics in this theory. We establish the generalized second law of thermodynamics and develop the constraints on coupling parameters for two specific models. It is concluded that laws of thermodynamics in this modified theory are more general and can reproduce the corresponding results in Einstein,f(R)gravity, andf(R)gravity with arbitrary as well as nonminimal curvature matter coupling.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Implications of Multiquintessence Scenario

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Jawad ◽  
Zoya Khan ◽  
Shamaila Rani ◽  
Kazuharu Bamba
Keyword(s):  
Hubble Parameter ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Frw Universe ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Potential Models ◽  
First Order ◽  
Generalized Second Law ◽  
Friedmann Robertson Walker

In this paper, we discuss the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics in the presence of a multi-component scalar field ( ϕ ) in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe. We describe the first-order formalism by defining the Hubble parameter as H = - W ( ϕ i ) . By using three super-potential models of the Hubble parameter, we analyze the validity of the generalized law and thermal equilibrium conditions in the presence of the logarithmically-corrected, Bekenstein-Hawking, Sharma-Mittal and R e ´ n y i entropies. It is noticed that the generalized law and thermal equilibrium conditions hold for some cases.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Heat Release to the Global Environment by Human Activities

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kau-Fui Vincent Wong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Thermodynamic Entropy ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics

It is the postulate of the current work that all human activities do add heat to the global environment. The basis used is the concept of thermodynamic entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. It has been discussed and shown that human activities do release heat to the global environment. There is no claim and not the objective in the current work to make any statement about climate change or global warming. It is suggested that all significant human-related activities have been included in the discussion, and hence the proof and deduction. The approach used is in accordance with the manner in which the laws of thermodynamics were derived, which is empirical.

Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat II

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Mahl
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
The Relationship

This paper explores and challenges the underlying basis of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics and its related equations define the relationship between thermal energy and its conversion into mechanical work. The second law of thermodynamics and its equations are based on theory developed by analysis of the Carnot cycle, then with a leap of faith, applies this theory and these equations to the Rankine cycle and to the general conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy. This paper explores the original analysis, which forms the basis of the second law of thermodynamics, and offers new analysis which may form a new understanding of thermodynamics. If proven correct, this new understanding may unlock tremendous resources for the production of mechanical and electrical energy.

Energy and heat

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Total Entropy ◽  
Isothermal Conditions ◽  
System P

Energy is the capacity to do work and heat is the spontaneous flow of energy from one body or system to another through the random movement of atoms or molecules. The entropy of a system determines how much of its internal energy is unavailable for work under isothermal conditions, and the Gibbs energy is the energy available for work under isothermal conditions and constant pressure. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that for any reaction to proceed spontaneously the total entropy (system plus surroundings) must increase, which is why metabolic processes release heat. All organisms are thermodynamically open systems, exchanging both energy and matter with their surroundings. They can decrease their entropy in growth and development by ensuring a greater increase in the entropy of the environment. For an ideal gas in thermal equilibrium the distribution of energy across the component atoms or molecules is described by the Maxwell-Boltzmann equation. This distribution is fixed by the temperature of the system.

4. The arrow of time

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
Jenann Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Arrow Of Time ◽  
Temporal Asymmetry ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday World ◽  
Laws Of Motion

‘The arrow of time’ discusses where the arrow of time comes from. The fundamental laws of motion do not distinguish past and future. And yet the everyday world is full of manifestly asymmetric processes. This chapter discusses the apparent mismatch between the fundamental laws of nature and the manifest asymmetry of the everyday world. The temporal asymmetry is made precise by the second law of thermodynamics and the tension between the second law and the fundamental laws is addressed by the development of statistical mechanics.

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