Kinematic Phenomena Observed During the Oblique Impact of a Sphere on a Beam

1956 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-616
Author(s):  
Werner Goldsmith ◽  
D. M. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Oblique Impact ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Beam Size ◽  
Contact Duration ◽  
Steel Sphere ◽  
Velocity Of Propagation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Experimental data relating to the kinetics of oblique impact of 1/2-in-diam steel sphere upon steel beams at initial velocities ranging from 30 to 150 fps are presented. The variation of beam deflection, contact duration, trajectory of the sphere, and contour topography with angle of incidence, beam size, and initial velocity have been determined, and the velocity of propagation of several waves has been ascertained.

An Experimental Investigation of Beam Stresses Produced by Oblique Impact of a Steel Sphere

1956 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-611
Author(s):  
D. M. Cunningham ◽  
Werner Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Oblique Impact ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Beam Size ◽  
Beam Length ◽  
Oblique Collision ◽  
Steel Sphere ◽  
Simply Supported

Abstract An experimental investigation designed to study the phenomenaincident to the oblique collision of 1/2-in-diam steel spheres with mild-steel and annealed drill-rod beams at oblique angles of incidence has been undertaken. Initial ball velocities ranged from 30 ft/sec to 150 ft/sec, beam sizes varied from 1/4 in. × 1/4 in. to 3/4 in. × 3/4 in., angles of incidence were chosen from 85 deg to normal incidence, and simply supported, clamped, and free beams were employed. Information is reported concerning the values of maximum bending stress at various positions along the beam as function of the angle of incidence and as a function of beam size for various angles of incidence. The progressive dispersion of the initial transient has been examined in detail. The effect of end supports, effective beam length, and repetitive shots into the same hole upon stress are described.

scholarly journals Initial Velocity and Equilibrium Kinetics of Myokinase

1968 ◽  
Vol 243 (14) ◽  
pp. 3963-3972
Author(s):  
D G Rhoads ◽  
J M Lowenstein
Keyword(s):  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Kinetics Of

Photothermal beam-deflection imaging of vertical interfaces in solids

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1265-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Alan McDonald ◽  
Grover C. Wetsel Jr. ◽  
Georges E. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Probe Beam ◽  
New Method ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Beam Size ◽  
Thermal Barriers

A new method for calculating signals in photothermal beam-deflection imaging is reviewed and applied to the case of vertical interfaces (cracks or other thermal barriers) in opaque solids. The generality of the approach and the effect of finite probe-beam size are emphasized.

AVA analysis after velocity-independent DMO and imaging

Geophysics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 686-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald H. F. Gardner ◽  
Anat Canning
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Amplitude Variation ◽  
Amplitude Variation With Offset ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reflectivity Function ◽  
Velocity Of Propagation ◽  
Zero Offset ◽  
Amplitude Versus

A common midpoint (CMP) gather usually provides amplitude variation with offset (AVO) information by displaying the reflectivity as the peak amplitude of symmetrical deconvolved wavelets. This puts a reflection coefficient R at every offset h, giving a function R(h). But how do we link h with the angle of incidence, θ, to get the reflectivity function, R(θ)? This is necessary for amplitude versus angle-of-incidence (AVA) analysis. One purpose of this paper is to derive formulas for this linkage after velocity-independent dip-moveout (DMO), done by migrating radial sections, and prestack zero-offset migration. Related studies of amplitude-preserving DMO in the past have dealt with constant-offset DMO but have not given the connection between offset and angle of incidence after processing. The results in the present paper show that the same reflectivity function can be extracted from the imaged volume whether it is produced using radial-trace DMO plus zero-offset migration, constant-offset DMO plus zero-offset migration, or directly by prestack, common-offset migration. The data acquisition geometry for this study consists of parallel, regularly spaced, multifold lines, and the velocity of propagation is constant. Events in the data are caused by an arbitrarily oriented 3-D plane reflector with any reflectivity function. The DMO operation transforms each line of data (m, h, t), i.e., midpoint, half-offset, and time, into an (m1, k, t1) space by Stolt-migrating each radial-plane section of the data, 2h = Ut, with constant velocity U/2. Merging the (m1, k, t1) spaces for all the lines forms an (x, y, k, t1) space, where the first two coordinates are the midpoint location, the third is the new half-offset, and the fourth is the time. Normal moveout (NMO) plus 3-D zero-offset migration of the subspace (x, y, t1) for each k creates a true-amplitude imaged volume (X, Y, k, T). Each peak amplitude in the volume is a reflection coefficient linked to an angle of incidence.

SIMULATION OF COPPER NANOCLUSTER DEPOSITION ON THE CONTAMINATED SURFACE USING GAMING GPU

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. OZHGIBESOV ◽  
A. V. UTKIN ◽  
V. M. FOMIN ◽  
T. S. LEU ◽  
C. H. CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Copper Substrate ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Copper Cluster ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Cuda Technology

The purpose of current work was twofold: to compare efficiencies of several different MD algorithms in case of their implementations on CUDA capable GPU and to study effects accompanying a coating process of contaminated copper substrate using CUDA based program. In this paper, we have discussed various aspects of CUDA technology implementation by using the real problem of molecular dynamic simulations as an example. The created CUDA based program allowed us to perform the detailed studies of the physical processes accompanying copper cluster collision with the copper substrate having one-atom layer of carbon in its top surface. It has been defined that the coating cannot be observed if the falling cluster has initial velocity lower than the critical value. Furthermore, the correlation between critical initial velocity and critical value of the angle of incidence of the copper cluster has also been observed. The comparison between execution time of CUDA MD program and MPI program based on one-dimensional parallelization with dynamic load balancing has been performed in the current work.

Oblique impact of ice hockey and plastic pucks with a rigid surface

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Cross
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Oblique Impact ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Rigid Surface ◽  
Coefficient Of Sliding Friction ◽  
Student Laboratory ◽  
Plastic Disk

Abstract The collision of a disk with a rigid surface is analysed in this paper assuming that the disk slides throughout the collision at glancing angles or grips the surface at other angles of incidence. Experimental results are presented for an ice hockey puck and a plastic disk, showing that there is no rolling involved, as assumed in previous studies. Measurements are presented of the outgoing speed, angle and spin as a function of the angle of incidence, and the results are described in terms of the normal and tangential coefficients of restitution plus the coefficient of sliding friction. The experiment would be suitable for use in a student laboratory.

Experimental and numerical study of the behavior of a Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic plate under oblique impact

2020 ◽  
pp. 002199832096566
Author(s):  
MV Zhikharev ◽  
OA Kudryavtsev ◽  
MS Pavlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Oblique Impact ◽  
Steel Sphere ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Ballistic Properties ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Oblique Impacts ◽  
Level Model

Experimental and numerical studies on the effect of oblique impacts on the ballistic properties of GFRP were carried out. Ballistic tests of specimens using a steel sphere with a diameter of 6.35 mm were performed for inclination angles from the normal of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 degrees. Ballistic curves and ballistic limits for each case were obtained, and a function approximating these results was proposed. The size of the delamination area at different angles was also analyzed. The results showed that the most catastrophic failures cases of impact were impacts with angles of 0°–30°. Computational studies of impact loading during oblique impacts were carried out in LS-DYNA using the mesoscale yarn-level model (MSM). Finally, numerically obtained ballistic limits and damaged areas were compared with experimental ones.

scholarly journals On metallic reflection and the influence of the layer of transition

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (516) ◽  
pp. 211-234
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Incident Wave ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Transparent Medium ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Absorbing Medium ◽  
Reflected Wave ◽  
Velocity Of Propagation

It is well known that when light is propagated in an absorbing medium, the dynamical equations and the boundary conditions are of exactly the same form as for a transparent medium. From a mathematical point of view the only difference between the two cases is that μ , the refractive index in a transparent medium, is replaced in the absorbing medium by a complex quantity μ — ia where μ is the “refractive index” of the medium, i. e. , the ratio of the velocity of light in air to that in the medium, and a is the coefficient of absorption. When dealing with the problem of reflection we shall take the plane of xy as that of incidence, and x = 0 as the surface of separation of the two media; the vectors representing the displacements will then be of the forms e ipt-i ( x cos ϕ + y sin ϕ )/V in the incident, and re ipt+i ( x cos ϕ - y sin ϕ )/V in the reflected wave. Here ϕ is the angle of incidence for the frequency, and V the velocity of propagation in the first medium. The incident wave is of unit amplitude, and if r = Re iθ , then R and θ represent the amplitude and change of phase in the reflected wave.

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