Investigations of the Flow in Curved Ducts at Large Reynolds Numbers

1948 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
J. R. Weske
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Radius Ratio ◽  
High Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Net Pressure ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Curved Ducts

Abstract It is found that the flow in curved ducts at high Reynolds numbers may be analyzed by methods adapted from the theory of boundary layers. Integration of the equation of motion of the “shedding layer” led to relations for the net pressure drop of curved ducts as a function of radius ratio and of Reynolds number.

Temperature Control of Blow-Down, Supersonic Tunnels

1956 ◽  
Vol 60 (541) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
T. A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Stagnation Temperature ◽  
Blow Down ◽  
High Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
High Reynolds

The blow-down type of intermittent, supersonic tunnel is attractive because of its simplicity and because relatively high Reynolds numbers can be obtained for a given size of test section. An adverse characteristic, however, is the fall of stagnation temperature during runs, which can affect experiments in several ways. The Reynolds number varies and the absolute velocity is not constant, even if the Mach number and pressure are; heat-transfer cannot be studied under controlled conditions and the experimental errors arising from the effect of heat-transfer on the boundary layer vary in time. These effects can become significant in quantitative experiments if the tunnel is large and the variation of temperature very rapid; the expense required to eliminate them might then be justified.

Turbulent Annular Pipe Flow in Subcritical Transition Regime: Direct Numerical Simulation of a Large Domain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ishida ◽  
Takahiro Tsukahara
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Poiseuille Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Radius Ratio ◽  
Transition Regime ◽  
Transitional Regime ◽  
Large Domain ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Annular Pipe ◽  
Transition Scenario

We performed direct numerical simulations of annular Poiseuille flow (APF) with a radius ratio of η (= rin/rout) = 0.8, in order to investigate the subcritical transition scenario from the developed turbulent state to the laminar state. In previous studies on annular Poiseuille flow, the flows at high Reynolds numbers were well examined and various turbulence statistics were obtained for several η, because of their dependence on η. Since the transitional APF is still unclear, we investigate annular Poiseuille flows in the transitional regime through the large-domain simulations in a range of the friction Reynolds number from Reτ = 150 down to 56. At a transitional Reynolds number, weak-fluctuation regions occur intermittently and regularly in the flow field, and the localized turbulence appears in the form of banded patterns same as in plane Poiseuille flow (PPF). The flow system of APF with a high radius ratio η ≈ 1 can be regarded as PPF and, hence, the transition regime in high radius-ratio of APF and in PPF should be analogous. However, in APF, the banded structure takes on helical shape around the inner cylinder, since APF is a closed system in the spanwise (azimuthal) direction. In this paper, the (dis-)similarity between APF and PPF is discussed.

Relationship of roll and pitch oscillations in a fin flapping at transitional to high Reynolds numbers

2012 ◽  
Vol 702 ◽  
pp. 298-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Promode R. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
David N. Beal ◽  
J. Dana Hrubes ◽  
Arun Mangalam
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Stagnation Point ◽  
Strouhal Number ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Stokes Wave ◽  
High Reynolds Numbers ◽  
High Reynolds

AbstractHydrodynamic effects of the relationship between the roll and pitch oscillations in low-aspect-ratio fins, with a laminar section and a rounded leading edge, flapping at transitional to moderately high Reynolds numbers, are considered. The fin is hinged at one end and its roll amplitude is large. Also examined is how this relationship is affected by spanwise twist, which alters the pitch oscillation amplitude and its phase relative to the roll motion. Force, efficiency and surface hot-film-anemometry measurements, and flow visualization are carried out in a tow tank. A fin of an abstracted penguin-wing planform and a NACA 0012 cross-section is used, and the chord Reynolds number varies from 3558 to 150 000 based on total speed. The fin is forced near the natural shedding frequency. Strouhal number and pitch amplitude are directly related when thrust is produced, and efficiency is maximized in narrow combinations of Strouhal number and pitch amplitude when oscillation of the leading-edge stagnation point is minimal. Twist makes the angle of attack uniform along the span and enhances thrust by up to 24 %, while maintaining high efficiency. Only 5 % of the power required to roll is spent to pitch, and yet roll and pitch are directly related. During hovering, dye visualization shows that a diffused leading-edge vortex is produced in rigid fins, which enlarges along the span; however, twist makes the vortex more uniform and the fin in turn requires less power to roll. Low-order phase maps of the measurements of force oscillation versus its derivative are modelled as due to van der Pol oscillators; the higher-order maps show trends in the sub-regimes of the transitional Reynolds number. Fin oscillation imparts a chordwise fluid motion, yielding a Stokes wave in the near-wall vorticity layer. When the roll and pitch oscillations are directly related, the wave is optimized: causing vorticity lift-up as the fin is decelerated at the roll extremity; the potential energy at the stagnation point is converted into kinetic energy; a vortex is produced as the lifted vorticity is wrapped around the leading edge; and free-stream reattachment keeps the vortex trapped. When the twist oscillation is phased along the span, this vortex becomes self-preserving at all amplitudes of twist, indicating the most stable (low-bandwidth) tuned nature.

The motion of a spherical liquid drop at high Reynolds number

1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Harper ◽  
D. W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Liquid Drop ◽  
Spherical Surface ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Steady Motion ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Internal Circulation ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Experimental Values

The steady motion of a liquid drop in another liquid of comparable density and viscosity is studied theoretically. Both inside and outside the drop, the Reynolds number is taken to be large enough for boundary-layer theory to hold, but small enough for surface tension to keep the drop nearly spherical. Surface-active impurities are assumed absent. We investigate the boundary layers associated with the inviscid first approximation to the flow, which is shown to be Hill's spherical vortex inside, and potential flow outside. The boundary layers are shown to perturb the velocity field only slightly at high Reynolds numbers, and to obey linear equations which are used to find first and second approximations to the drag coefficient and the rate of internal circulation.Drag coefficients calculated from the theory agree quite well with experimental values for liquids which satisfy the conditions of the theory. There appear to be no experimental results available to test our prediction of the internal circulation.

An Intermittent High-Reynolds-Number Wind Tunnel

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Stollery ◽  
A V Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
High Reynolds Number ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
High Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Cryogenic Wind Tunnel ◽  
Performance Estimates

SummaryThe paper suggests a simple method of generating intermittent reservoir conditions for an intermittent, cryogenic wind tunnel. Approximate performance estimates are given and it is recommended that further studies be made because this type of tunnel could be valuable in increasing the opportunities for research at high Reynolds numbers.

Heat Transfer Coefficient Distribution of W and Broken W Turbulators At High Reynolds Numbers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Sam Ghazi-Hesami ◽  
Dylan Wise ◽  
Keith Taylor ◽  
Étienne Robert ◽  
Peter Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
High Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Smooth Channel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Reynolds

Abstract An experimental and numerical study of the convective heat transfer enhancement provided by two rib families (W and Broken W) is presented, covering Reynolds numbers (Re) between 300,000 to 900,000 in a straight channel with a rectangular cross section (AR=1.29). These high Reynolds numbers were selected for the current study since most data in the available literature typically pertain to investigations at lower Reynolds numbers. The objective of this study is to assess the local heat transfer coefficient (HTC) enhancement (compared with a smooth channel) and the overall thermal performance, taking into account the effect of increased roughness on the friction factor, of a group of W shaped turbulators over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. Furthermore, the effects of increasing the rib spacing on the thermal performance of the Broken W configuration are presented and discussed. The numerical results are compared against heat transfer measurements obtained using the Transient Liquid Crystal (TLC) method. The research shows that for the Broken W turbulators, increasing the Reynolds number is associated with an overall decrease of the thermal performance while the thermal performance of the W configuration is relatively insensitive to Reynolds number. Nevertheless, the Broken W configuration delivers higher thermal performance and heat transfer compared with the W configuration for the range of Re investigated. The Broken W configuration with a pitch spacing of 10 times the rib height was shown to provide the optimal thermal performance in the configurations investigated here.

Turbulent boundary layer statistics at very high Reynolds number

2015 ◽  
Vol 779 ◽  
pp. 371-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vallikivi ◽  
M. Hultmark ◽  
A. J. Smits
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
High Reynolds Number ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
High Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Layer Flow ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Very High

Measurements are presented in zero-pressure-gradient, flat-plate, turbulent boundary layers for Reynolds numbers ranging from $\mathit{Re}_{{\it\tau}}=2600$ to $\mathit{Re}_{{\it\tau}}=72\,500$ ($\mathit{Re}_{{\it\theta}}=8400{-}235\,000$). The wind tunnel facility uses pressurized air as the working fluid, and in combination with MEMS-based sensors to resolve the small scales of motion allows for a unique investigation of boundary layer flow at very high Reynolds numbers. The data include mean velocities, streamwise turbulence variances, and moments up to 10th order. The results are compared to previously reported high Reynolds number pipe flow data. For $\mathit{Re}_{{\it\tau}}\geqslant 20\,000$, both flows display a logarithmic region in the profiles of the mean velocity and all even moments, suggesting the emergence of a universal behaviour in the statistics at these high Reynolds numbers.

Planar Oscillatory Flow Forces at High Reynolds Numbers

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Circular Cylinder ◽  
Oscillatory Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Number Range ◽  
High Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Reynolds Number Range ◽  
Fine Surface ◽  
High Reynolds

Measurements of pressures around a circular cylinder with fine surface roughness in planar oscillatory flow reveal considerable changes in drag and inertia coefficients over the Reynolds number range 2.5 × 105 to 7.5 × 105, and at Keulegan-Carpenter numbers between 5 and 25. In most respects, these results are shown to be compatible with previous measurements in planar oscillatory flow, and with previous measurements in which the same 0.5-m-dia cylinder was tested in waves.

High Reynolds number flow between torsionally oscillating disks

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-79
Author(s):  
K.G. Smith ◽  
A.F. Pillow
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Viscous Incompressible Fluid ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Low Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Reynolds Number Flow ◽  
High Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Number Flow ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Steady Convection

In this paper the problem solved is that of unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid between two parallel infinite disks, which are performing torsional oscillations about a common axis. The solution is restricted to high Reynolds numbers, and thus extends an earlier solution by Rosenblat for low Reynolds numbers.The solution is obtained by the method of matched asymptotic expansions. In the main body of the fluid the flow is inviscid, but may be rotational, and in the boundary layers adjacent to the disks the non-linear convection terms are small. These two regions do not overlap, and it is found that in order to match the solutions a third region is required in which viscous diffusion is balanced by steady convection. The angular velocity is found to be non-zero only in the boundary layers adjacent to the disks.

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