Calculation of Stress in Crane Hooks

1946 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. A239-A242
Author(s):  
A. M. Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Slide Rule ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Abstract Two methods for calculating stress in crane hooks which have given good results in practice are described. One method, based on a numerical integration of the curved-bar equations, involves only slide-rule accuracy and may be used for irregular shapes of cross section. The second or analytical method is based on an analysis of an equivalent trapezoidal section, and is applicable to hooks having sections which do not deviate too much from the trapezoidal form. Comparison of the results of the two methods when applied to actual crane hooks indicates that the more rapid analytical method is sufficiently accurate for most practical purposes.

scholarly journals Analytical solution for torsion of cylindrical orthotropic annular wedge-shaped bars reinforced by thin shells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Ecsedi ◽  
Attila Baksa
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Torsional Rigidity ◽  
Circular Ring ◽  
Thin Shells ◽  
Elastic Wedge ◽  
Curved Boundary ◽  
Cylindrically Orthotropic ◽  
Boundary Surfaces

AbstractThis paper deals with the Saint-Venant torsion of elastic, cylindrically orthotropic bar whose cross section is a sector of a circular ring shaped bar. The cylindrically orthotropic homogeneous elastic wedge-shaped bar strengthened by on its curved boundary surfaces by thin isotropic elastic shells. An analytical method is presented to obtain the Prandtl’s stress function, torsion function, torsional rigidity and shearing stresses. A numerical example illustrates the application of the developed analytical method.

An Analytical Method of Analyzing the Heat Conduction for the Unequal Cross-Section Straight Fin

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 1211-1216
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Peng Yun Song
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Analytical Expressions

The cross-section area of straight fin is often considered to be equal in the thermal analyses of straight fin, but sometimes it is unequalin actual situation. Taking a straight fin with two unequal cross-sectional areas as an example,an analytical method of heat conduction for unequal section straight fin is presented. The analytical expressions of temperature field and heat dissipating capacity about the fin,which has a smaller cross-section area near the fin base and a larger one, is obtained respectively. The calculation results of the unequal cross-section are fully consistent with the equal area one, so the method is proved right. The results show that the larger the cross section areanear the base,the better is the heat transfer, and the temperature at the base with larger cross-section area is lower than that with smaller cross-section area when the amount of heat is fixed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BENDUNG TERHADAP PROFIL MUKA AIR SUNGAI BATANG GADIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sudarmanto ,
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Uniform Flow ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Numerical Integration Methods ◽  
The Village ◽  
River Cross Section

Placement of the weir in the river Batang Gadis will cause population anxiety in the village Pulungan which located upstream weir as far as 3 km, due to a weir can cause water surface profile of the river getting higher and ultimately to increase the pool of flooding in residential areas.Assuming modeling of river a uniform flow, river cross-section has a rectangular shape with width 50 m and 40 m, the roughness Manning 0.0025, the profile of water flow floods that occurred in 2 yaears, 25 years, and 100 years before and after the existing weir can be calculated by numerical integration methods.  From the calculation, the length of the water behind the weir is 1.4 km upstream towards the weir, which means that the depth of the water level rises to as far as 1.4 km and after that the depth of water before and after there the weir is same. Because the village Pulungan located 3 km to the upstream, the weir did not affect the increase in the flood waters in the village Pulungan. At 2 years flood discharge does not cause inundation in the village Pulungan, but the flood discharge 25 years and 100 years has led to inundation in the village Pulungan with the depth of each pool 0.971 m and 1.675 m. Keywords: uniform flow, numerical integration, inundation, flood discharge.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF CROSS SECTION OF MULTYLAYER CARDBOARD WITH USE OF ION BEAM CUTTING TECH-NOLOGY

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-397
Author(s):  
Nikolay Petrovich Midukov ◽  
Viktor Sergeyevich Kurov ◽  
Kamilla Khamrayevna Ermatova ◽  
Aleksandr Semenovich Smolin ◽  
Pavel Andreyevich Somov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Contact Line ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Porous Area

This scientific article contains results of research the two layers cardboard`s cross-section produced by ion beam cutting technology with converting of cross-section image by computer programs. The cross-section of two layers cardboard`s which produced by traditional wet method and aerodynamic forming method was presented to compare. The bottom layer was obtained by the traditional wet method from old corrugated cardboard recovered paper and the top layer was obtained by aerodynamic forming method from print recovered paper. The boundary layers, cut fibers, fibrils, additives, porous area, and lines of contact fibers for the each layer and the contact line of the fiber walls were determined with converting and analyzing of cross-section image by computer programs. The developed method made it possible to separate lines of contact fibers which determine the emergence of inter fiber bonds from the contact line of the fiber walls. The comparison of the results allowed explaining in a new way the decrease in mechanical parameters of cardboard during dry preparation of recovered paper. The ion beam cutting technology with converting of cross-section image by computer programs allowed determining cut fibers area and porous area. This made it possible to quantify the effect of fiber distribution factors on the mechanical property of cardboard. The content of the additive (calcium carbonate) and its distribution in layers is estimated by the spectrum of the elemental composition.

A Method to Estimate Deformation Strains in the Context of Coke Drum Life Assessments: Part 1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Huang ◽  
Kannan Subramanian ◽  
Patrick Boster ◽  
Julian J. Bedoya
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Shell Theory ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Classical Shell Theory ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Abstract In this paper, an analytical method to estimate the deformation strains that can quantify the severity of bulges, as it applies to coke drums, is presented. The proposed method is based on classical shell theory and API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 (2016) procedures involving triaxiality limits. In this first part of the work, only the theoretical development is presented along with the comparison of the results from this theoretical approach with two case studies that emulate the bulging due to different loading scenarios. The developed approach is then applied to a deformed coke drum. In the next part of this paper, the application of this approach on selected in-service coke drums that are equipped with strain gages will be presented. The authors would like to emphasize the well-known fact that the coke drum is a complex pressure vessel for which any single simplified assessment technique may not be sufficient to quantify the life or fitness-for-service (FFS) of a coke drum due to the complexities associated with the various parameters that affect the mechanical integrity of the coke drum. This paper is an attempt to advance the assessment techniques that are currently utilized in the industry.

Large Deformation Analysis of the Arterial Cross Section

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Simon ◽  
A. S. Kobayashi ◽  
D. E. Strandness ◽  
C. A. Wiederhielm
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Finite Deformation ◽  
Strain Energy Density ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Exponential Form ◽  
Strain Energy Density Function

Possible relations between arterial wall stresses and deformations and mechanisms contributing to atherosclerosis are discussed. Necessary material properties are determined experimentally and from available data in the literature by assuming the arterial response to be a static finite deformation of a thick-walled cylinder constrained in a state of plane strain and composed of an incompressible, nonlinear elastic, transversely isotropic material. Experimental justification from the literature and supporting theoretical considerations are presented for each assumption. The partial derivative of the strain energy density function δW1/δI , necessary for in-plane stress calculation, is determined to be of exponential form using in situ biaxial test results from the canine abdominal aorta. An axisymmetric numerical integration solution is developed and used as a check for finite element results. The large deformation finite element theory of Oden is modified to include aortic material nonlinearity and directional properties and is used for a structural analysis of the aortic cross section. Results of this investigation are: (a) Fung’s exponential form for the strain energy density function of soft tissues is found to be valid for the aorta in the biaxial states considered; (b) finite deformation analyses by the finite element method and numerical integration solution reveal that significant tangential stress gradients are present in arteries commonly assumed to be “thin-walled” tubes using linear theory.

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