Availability Balance of Steam Power Plants

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Meyer ◽  
G. J. Silvestri ◽  
J. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Reheat Steam ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Plant

The well-known expression for availability, b = h − T0s, is developed in a simple yet general manner. The changes in availability throughout several typical single and double reheat steam plants having different steam conditions have been calculated. Balances of availability are presented for each of the several plants. These balances show the net plant output as the difference between the availability added in the boiler and the various losses in availability throughout the plant. The maximum plant thermal efficiency (or minimum heat rate) is easily obtained from the ratio of the increase in availability to the heat added in the boiler. The availability balances present in fine detail the loss distribution throughout the plant. Some very interesting results are obtained. For example, an assumed average plant will have a calculated maximum thermal efficiency of about 75 per cent based on the ratio of the availability and the heat in the high temperature combustion gases. Due to the heat transfer through a temperature difference, this value is reduced to 50 per cent when based on the ratio of the availability and the heat added to the steam in the boiler. This average plant will lose an additional 10 points in thermal efficiency, due to internal losses in availability, resulting in a 40 per cent thermal efficiency (excluding boiler and auxiliary losses). These latter 10 points due to internal losses are roughly divided as follows: Pressure drop: 0.9 Turbine blading: 5.0 Turbine leakage: 0.6 Turbine leaving and hood: 1.0 Mechanical and generator: 0.7 Feed and healing system: 1.3 and Feed pump and motor inefficiency: 0.5 Total: 10.0 An availability balance enables one to make an accurate assessment of the losses in any power plant and therefore serves as a very accurate guide in directing development effort toward reducing the more significant losses.

Study on Heat Storage Change Characteristics of a Double Reheat Boiler During Load Cycling Processes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Wang ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Yongliang Zhao ◽  
Daotong Chong ◽  
Junjie Yan
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
Load Cycling ◽  
Reheat Steam ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The stability of the live and reheat steam temperatures is of great significance for the efficient, flexible and safe operation of coal-fired power plants. The double reheat boilers are large inertia, non-linearity and high coupling. Therefore, the temperature controls of live and reheat steams are very difficult during load cycling processes. The heat storage in the double reheat boiler changes during load cycling process, which will affect the performances of temperature control. In this study, dynamic simulation models of an ultra-supercritical double reheat tower boiler and its temperature control models are developed based on the GSE software. These models are validated. Then, changes of the boiler system heat storage during different load cycling processes are studied. Results reveal that the metal heat storage is more than working medium ones at steady state load. However, the changing quantities of working medium heat storage are more than the metal ones between different loads. During load cycling processes, the changing tendencies of reheat steam temperatures, the difference of heat storage between real-time and steady state values (DHSBRS) and the difference of coal feeding rate between real-time and steady values (DCBRS) are similar. The fluctuations of reheat steam temperatures have a delay compared with DHSBRS ones, and the fluctuations of DHSBRS fluctuation have a delay compared with DCBRS ones. The delay time increases with the load cycling rates. The results are aimed at providing some guidance for the control system design of the double-reheat boiler system and the safe and flexible operation of power plants.

What’s Wrong With Thermal Performance Engineering?

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Canning ◽  
Kenneth F. Horn ◽  
Jeffrey A. Karloff ◽  
Fred D. Lang ◽  
Dave A. T. Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Performance Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hands On

This paper discusses experiences and recommendations of six practicing thermal performance engineers with regards improving and maintaining the thermal efficiency of power plants. It discusses the authors’ perceived decline over the past decade for qualified staff, and capital projects involving efficiency improvements, instrumentation and testing/monitoring projects. Such observations extend to North America and Western Europe. This paper attempts to coalesce years of observations and hands-on experience in the field into summaries useful for prudent action. It also presents several recommendations aimed at improving the consciousness towards performance engineering, which has the potential of substantially reducing emissions per electrical output, and increasing the mostly forgotten thermal efficiencies of power plants (heat rate).

scholarly journals Design of a Simple Model of S. P. P. to Study the Effect of Increasing the Boiler Pressure on the Efficiency of the Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abdlmanam Elmaryami ◽  
Hafied M. B. Khalid ◽  
Abdulssalam M. Abdulssalam ◽  
Alaa A. Abdulssalam ◽  
Mohamed M. Alssafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Important Application ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Steam Power Plants

The Rankine cycle is one example of vapor power cycles. One important application of it is in steam power plants. In this paper, a simple model of the steam power plant is designed to study the effect of increasing boiler's pressures (3, 4, 5, and 6 bar respectively) on the efficiency and the dryness friction of the Model. Properties of the important points in the cycle were calculated consequently the losses in the pump, the losses in the condenser, expansion of the working fluid through the turbine, and the heat transfer to the working fluid through the boiler were determined. From the results, it was found that with the increasing of the boiler's operating pressure the thermal efficiency of the model cycle increases due to a substantial increase in network. Thus net-effect is marked increases in the thermal efficiency of the cycle on account of these measures.

The concepts and features of the models of venture investment of energy-oriented startups

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Oleh Pankiv
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Start Ups

The theoretical and methodological principles of promising managerial decisions concerning the efficiency of attracting financial resources, as well as creation of fundamentally new sources of funding for the development of energy-oriented start-ups are considered. The role and place of the sectors of innovative energy saving and alternative sources of power supply in a complex system of energy independence of the country are determined. The way and the main directions of research and development of the ways to solve the aforementioned problem are outlined. As part of the search for optimization solutions, it is suggested to use the principles of the existing statistical and mathematical apparatus, marketing achievements and achievements in network development that take place in gaming business. An analogue comparison of the principal models was carried out, during which the existing types of energy-oriented start-ups were determined and presented. A separate direction in the economic search is proposed, and its profile characteristics are outlined. The type of model is typical for Ukrainian conditions. The author proposed a method of comparing strategies for attracting financial resources into a gaming business in the core of the research. To solve the investigated problem, it is proposed to apply the property of the law of the emergence. The analysis is based on a concrete example of the functioning of the tender procedure, namely the organization of public procurement. The purpose of the article is to consider and analyze the author's proposal to focus on such an important phenomenon as the constant creation of the difference between the expected price and the final contractual price. The model of the solution is based on the systematic combination of this phenomenon and the administrative stimulation of implementation of exclusively energy-innovation projects. The combination of these two points is the basis of an optimization policy for the potential formation and maintenance of a state program to search and stimulate the sources of funding for power plants.

Evaluation of Si Coating on Ferritic Steels by CVD-FBR Technology in Steam Oxidation

2009 ◽  
Vol 289-292 ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Bolívar ◽  
L. Sánchez ◽  
M.P. Hierro ◽  
F.J. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Steam Oxidation ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Major Factors

The development of new power generation plants firing fossil fuel is aiming at achieving higher thermal efficiencies of the energy conversion process. The major factors affecting the efficiency of the conventional steam power plants are the temperature and, to a lesser extent, the pressure of the steam entering the turbine. The increased operating temperature and pressure require new materials that have major oxidation resistance. Due to this problem, in the last years numerous studies have been conducted in order to develop new coatings to enhance the resistance of steels with chromium contents between 9 and 12% wt against steam oxidation in order to allow operation of steam turbines at 650 0C. In this study, Si protective coatings were deposited by CVD-FBR on ferritic steel P-91. These type of coatings have shown to be protective at 650 0C under steam for at least 3000 hours of laboratory steam exposure under atmospheric pressure. Morphology and composition of coatings were characterized by different techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show a substantial increase of steam oxidation protection afforded by Si coating by CVD-FBR process.

Numerical and Experimental Investigations of the Transient Thermal Behavior of a Steam By-Pass Valve at Steam Temperatures Beyond 700 °C

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Haj Ayed ◽  
Martin Kemper ◽  
Karsten Kusterer ◽  
Hailu Tadesse ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Cyclic Operation ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Transient Thermal

Increasing the efficiency of steam power plants is important to reduce their CO2 emissions and can be achieved by increasing steam temperatures beyond 700 °C. Within the present study, the thermal behavior of a steam by-pass valve subject to cyclic operation with 700 °C steam is investigated experimentally and numerically. An innovative numerical approach was applied to predict the valve’s thermal behavior during cyclic operation, which is essential for fatigue life assessment of such a component. Validation of the applied numerical approach has shown good agreement with measurement results, indicating the potential of its application for the valve design process.

Energy Storage Using Low-Pressure Feedwater

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Harman ◽  
S. Loesch
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Availability Analysis ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
And Storage

A method for increasing the peak output of steam power plants through use of a low-pressure feedwater storage system is presented. The generalized availability analysis involves only the low-pressure turbine, low-pressure feedwater heaters, and the storage system. With daily cycling and storage charging at near base load conditions, the turnaround efficiency of the energy storage system was found to approach 100 percent. Storage system turnaround efficiency is decreased when the energy is stored during plant part-load operation.

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