Design Limits for Buckling in the Creep Range

A methodology is introduced for calculating the allowable buckling stress in equipment operating in the time-dependent (creep) range. Norton's equation coupled with various procedures such as the stationary stress method, classical creep buckling equations, and the isochronous stress–strain diagrams are utilized to obtain a practical design approach for equipment operating in the time-dependent range. Various components are investigated such as slender columns, cylindrical shells, spherical components, and conical transition sections.