scholarly journals The Regional Contribution of Glycosaminoglycans to Temporomandibular Joint Disc Compressive Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Willard ◽  
Kerem N. Kalpakci ◽  
Andrew J. Reimer ◽  
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Intermediate Zone ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disc ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Molecule ◽  
Tmj Disc

Understanding structure-function relationships in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc is a critical first step toward creating functional tissue replacements for the large population of patients suffering from TMJ disc disorders. While many of these relationships have been identified for the collagenous fraction of the disc, this same understanding is lacking for the next most abundant extracellular matrix component, sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Though GAGs are known to play a major role in maintaining compressive integrity in GAG-rich tissues such as articular cartilage, their role in fibrocartilaginous tissues in which GAGs are much less abundant is not clearly defined. Therefore, this study investigates the contribution of GAGs to the regional viscoelastic compressive properties of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. Chondroitinase ABC (C-ABC) was used to deplete GAGs in five different disc regions, and the time course for >95% GAG removal was defined. The compressive properties of GAG depleted regional specimens were then compared to non-treated controls using an unconfined compression stress-relaxation test. Additionally, treated and non-treated specimens were assayed biochemically and histologically to confirm GAG removal. Compared to untreated controls, the only regions affected by GAG removal in terms of biomechanical properties were in the intermediate zone, the most GAG-rich portion of the disc. Without GAGs, all intermediate zone regions showed decreased tissue viscosity, and the intermediate zone lateral region also showed a 12.5% decrease in modulus of relaxation. However, in the anterior and posterior band regions, no change in compressive properties was observed following GAG depletion, though these regions showed the highest compressive properties overall. Although GAGs are not the major extracellular matrix molecule of the TMJ disc, they are responsible for some of the viscoelastic compressive properties of the tissue. Furthermore, the mechanical role of sulfated GAGs in the disc varies regionally in the tissue, and GAG abundance does not always correlate with higher compressive properties. Overall, this study found that sulfated GAGs are important to TMJ disc mechanics in the intermediate zone, an important finding for establishing design characteristics for future tissue engineering efforts.

scholarly journals Experimentally Created Nonbalanced Occlusion Effects on the Thickness of the Temporomandibular Joint Disc in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Sun ◽  
Meiqing Wang ◽  
Jianjun He ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Shuang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disc ◽  
Tmj Disc ◽  
Α Level ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Objectives: To test the hypothesis that experimentally created physiologically nonbalanced occlusion will not affect the thickness of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discs in rats. Material and Methods: Twenty-four 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into a control group that was left untreated and an experimental group where a nonbalanced occlusion was created. Elastic rubber bands, 1 mm in diameter, were inserted and 1 week later were replaced by plastic material between the first and the second molars of the left maxillary and the right mandibular dentitions to move the first molars about 0.8 mm mesially. This created and maintained a physiologically nonbalanced occlusion. The animals were euthanized 8 weeks later, and the TMJ disc thickness was measured on histologically prepared slices using an electronic meter. Two-way univariate analysis of variance was used to compare the groups (α level = .05). Results: The intermediate zone was thicker in the experimental group than in the control group (P = .003), but no differences were found between groups regarding the anterior and posterior bands. There were no significant sex-related effects on this observation. Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. The results indicate that the intermediate zone of rat TMJ disc has the ability to adapt to the alteration of the space between condyle and fossa caused by occlusion changes. Further studies on larger groups that are followed for longer times are needed.

scholarly journals Trueness of Fit of Biphasic Transversely Isotropic Parameters Model in the Porcine Temporomandibular Joint Disc and Mandibular Condylar Cartilage and Regional Dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Chin ◽  
Alejandro J. Almarza
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disc ◽  
Viscoelastic Parameters ◽  
Mandibular Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Tmj Disc ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDs) are not well understood and the mechanical differences between the regions of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and the TMJ disc have not been thoroughly compared. As of now, there are no commercially available regenerative therapies for the TMJ. Elucidating the mechanical properties of these two structures of the articulating joint will help future efforts in developing tissue engineering treatments of the TMJ. In this study, we evaluate the compressive properties of the porcine disc and mandibular condylar cartilage by performing unconfined compression at 10% strain with 4.5%/min strain rate. Punches (4 mm biopsy) from both tissues were taken from five different regions of both the MCC and TMJ: anterior, posterior, lateral, medial, and central. Previously, theoretical models of compression in the porcine tissue did not fit the whole ramp-relaxation behavior. Thus, the data stress–relaxation was fitted to the biphasic transversely isotropic model, for both the TMJ disc and cartilage. From the results found in the disc, it was found that the posterior region had the highest values in multiple viscoelastic parameters when compared to the other regions. The mandibular condylar cartilage was only found to be significantly different in the transverse modulus between the posterior and lateral regions. Both the TMJ disc and MCC had similar magnitudes of values (for the modulus and other corresponding compressive properties) and behavior under this testing modality.

scholarly journals Tensile biomechanical properties of human temporomandibular joint disc: Effects of direction, region and sex

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 3762-3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Wright ◽  
Matthew C. Coombs ◽  
R. Glenn Hepfer ◽  
Brooke J. Damon ◽  
Thierry H. Bacro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disc

A Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of the Goat Temporomandibular Joint Disc to the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage in Unconfined Compression

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine K. Hagandora ◽  
Alejandro J. Almarza
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Compressive Behavior ◽  
Articular Eminence ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disc ◽  
Mandibular Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Tmj Disc

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial, bilateral joint formed by the articulation of the condyle of the mandible and the articular eminence and glenoid fossa of the temporal bone. The articulating tissues of the joint include the TMJ disc and the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC). It is estimated that 10 million Americans are affected by TMJ disorders (TMDs), a term encompassing a variety of conditions which result in positional or structural abnormalities in the joint. [1] Characterization of the properties of the articulating tissues of the joint is a necessary prequel to understanding the process of pathogenesis as well as tissue engineering suitable constructs for replacement of damaged joint fibrocartilage. Furthermore, the current literature lacks a one-to-one comparison of the regional compressive behavior of the goat MCC to the TMJ disc.

scholarly journals Composite System of 3D-Printed Polymer and Acellular Matrix Hydrogel to Repair Temporomandibular Joint Disc

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yi ◽  
Jiadi Liang ◽  
Futing Huang ◽  
Zuodong Zhao ◽  
Xiaohui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Tmj Disc ◽  
3D Printed

Tissue engineering is a promising approach to restore or replace a damaged temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. However, constructing a scaffold that can mimic biomechanical and biological properties of the natural TMJ disc remains a challenge. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology was used to fabricate polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyurethane (PU) scaffolds and PU scaffolds to imitate the region-specific biomechanical properties of the TMJ disc. The scaffolds were coated with polydopamine (PDA) and combined with a decellularized matrix (dECM). Then, rat costal chondrocytes and mouse L929 fibroblasts, respectively, were suspended on the composite scaffolds and the biological functions of the cells were studied. The properties of the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle analysis, and biomechanical testing. To verify the biocompatibility of the scaffolds, the viability, proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production of the cells seeded on the scaffolds were assessed by LIVE/DEAD staining, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, biochemical content analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and qRT-PCR. The functionalized hybrid scaffolds were then implanted into the subcutaneous space of nude mice for 6 weeks, and the regenerated tissue was evaluated by histological staining. The biomechanical properties of PCL/PU and PU scaffolds were comparable to that of the central and peripheral zones, respectively, of a native human TMJ disc. The PDA-coated scaffolds displayed superior biomechanical, structural, and functional properties, creating a favorable microenvironment for cell survival, proliferation, ECM production, and tissue regeneration. In conclusion, 3D-printed polymer scaffolds coated with PDA and combined with dECM hydrogel were found to be a promising substitute for TMJ disc tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Tissue engineering toward temporomandibular joint disc regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (446) ◽  
pp. eaaq1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Vapniarsky ◽  
Le W. Huwe ◽  
Boaz Arzi ◽  
Meghan K. Houghton ◽  
Mark E. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Defect Closure ◽  
Repair Tissue ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disc ◽  
Disc Regeneration ◽  
Tmj Disc ◽  
Engineering Strategy

Treatments for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc thinning and perforation, conditions prevalent in TMJ pathologies, are palliative but not reparative. To address this, scaffold-free tissue-engineered implants were created using allogeneic, passaged costal chondrocytes. A combination of compressive and bioactive stimulation regimens produced implants with mechanical properties akin to those of the native disc. Efficacy in repairing disc thinning was examined in minipigs. Compared to empty controls, treatment with tissue-engineered implants restored disc integrity by inducing 4.4 times more complete defect closure, formed 3.4-fold stiffer repair tissue, and promoted 3.2-fold stiffer intralaminar fusion. The osteoarthritis score (indicative of degenerative changes) of the untreated group was 3.0-fold of the implant-treated group. This tissue engineering strategy paves the way for developing tissue-engineered implants as clinical treatments for TMJ disc thinning.

Is Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement without Reduction a Plausible Cause of Condylar Hypoplasia? A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Shu Liu ◽  
Adrian U-Jin Yap ◽  
Jie Lei ◽  
Kai-Yuan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Disc Displacement ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disc ◽  
Tmj Disc ◽  
Heat Therapy ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
Tmj Pain

Background: The causes of mandibular condylar hypoplasia can be congenital or acquired in nature. Cited local causes of acquired hypoplasia include trauma, infection and irradiation. We report a case of hypoplastic condyle that was attributed to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR). Clinical Presentation: A 16-year-old male presented with restricted mouth opening and right TMJ pain for 6 months. He was subsequently diagnosed with DDwoR. Conservative treatment comprising self-care and moist-heat therapy was administered and he was followed for 27 months without any further interventions. During this period, transitions from “normal” morphology to condylar flattening / erosion, and eventually a re-modeled smaller “normal” right TMJ were observed. Conclusion: The present case provided initial support that DDwoR could be a plausible cause of condylar hypoplasia in adolescents / young adults.

Dynamic compressive properties of porcine temporomandibular joint disc

2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Tanaka ◽  
Mayu Kikuzaki ◽  
Koichi Hanaoka ◽  
Masao Tanaka ◽  
Akiko Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disc
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