Laser Based Calibration Technique of Thin Film Gauges for Short Duration Transient Measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Niranjan Sahoo ◽  
Vinayak Kulkarni ◽  
Anugrah Singh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Convective Heating ◽  
Thin Film Sensors

Surface temperature history and determination of convective heating rate are the important activity in many research programs for devising an effective cooling system in internal combustion engines or for typical high speed aerodynamic reentry vehicles. Thin film sensors have high response time (∼ few microseconds) and are invariantly used for these applications due to their precision measurement. Moreover, they can be fabricated in-house and thus cost effective. Present investigations are focused on the fabrication of such sensors and establishment of an experimental setup for calibration. Thin film sensors are prepared in-house by platinum ink mounted on an insulated substrate (Pyrex). Experiments are carried out by applying step heat load on the thin film sensor using laser light of known wattage. Recorded transient temperature data are processed for estimation of laser wattage using numerical and analytical models. For the known heating load, temperature signal is also predicted using one-dimensional transient heat conduction solver using ansys. Encouraging agreement of these predictions has demonstrated the success of the designed calibration set up and cost-effective means of in-house fabrication of thin film sensors.

Design, Fabrication and Calibration of Heat Transfer Gauges for Transient Measurement

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Niranjan Sahoo ◽  
Vinayak Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Transient measurements of surface heating rates are very important in many applications in the field of internal combustion engines, gas turbine engines, fluidized beds and high-speed flow environments. In most surface heat transfer mapping, very fast response sensors are used for dynamic temperature measurements in the flow. The surface heat fluxes are then estimated from the temperature history, analytically/numerically by various heat transfers modeling. Thin film gauges and thermocouples are most cost effective temperature sensors for dynamic measurements because the response time of these sensors are in the range of microseconds. The production of heat transfer gauges in the laboratory has always been an art rather than a method of manufacture. The present work is aimed at design and fabrication of fast response thermocouples and thin film gauges (TFG) in the laboratory. Three types of thermocouples have been fabricated (E-type, T-type and K-type) whereas platinum film is deposited on the insulating substrate (Pyrex and Macor) for thin film heat transfer gauge. Both thermocouples and thin film gauges are calibrated under same experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Structure Zone Investigation of Multiple Principle Element Alloy Thin Films as Optimization for Nanoindentation Measurements

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2113
Author(s):  
Alan Savan ◽  
Timo Allermann ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Dario Grochla ◽  
Lars Banko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Film Material ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Zone Diagram

Multiple principal element alloys, also often referred to as compositionally complex alloys or high entropy alloys, present extreme challenges to characterize. They show a vast, multidimensional composition space that merits detailed investigation and optimization to identify compositions and to map the composition ranges where useful properties are maintained. Combinatorial thin film material libraries are a cost-effective and efficient way to create directly comparable, controlled composition variations. Characterizing them comes with its own challenges, including the need for high-speed, automated measurements of dozens to hundreds or more compositions to be screened. By selecting an appropriate thin film morphology through predictable control of critical deposition parameters, representative measured values can be obtained with less scatter, i.e., requiring fewer measurement repetitions for each particular composition. In the present study, equiatomic CoCrFeNi was grown by magnetron sputtering in different locations in the structure zone diagram applied to multinary element alloys, followed by microstructural and morphological characterizations. Increasing the energy input to the deposition process by increased temperature and adding high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) plasma generators led to denser, more homogeneous morphologies with smoother surfaces until recrystallization and grain boundary grooving began. Growth at 300 °C, even without the extra particle energy input of HiPIMS generators, led to consistently repeatable nanoindentation load–displacement curves and the resulting hardness and Young’s modulus values.

A Municipality Water Reticulation Ground-Coupled Reversible Heat Pump System as an Alternative to an Air Source System

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oerder ◽  
J. P. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Flow Through

A municipality water reticulation R22 ground-coupled reversible heat pump, was investigated as an alternative to conventional air source systems. The study covers the testing of a heating and cooling system that utilises the ground as its source. The ground source comprises of a municipality water supply line that is modified to allow water to flow through the outdoor coil thus delivering or extracting heat from the system. The investigation was conducted by developing analytical models that were used for the design of a ground-coupled reversible heat pump and a conventional, also reversible air-to-air system. The models were verified with a commercially available computer program as well as with measurements on the two systems. The results show an overall increase in performance with the use of a ground source system over the conventional air source systems. Thus the ground-coupled reversible heat pump system can provide a cost effective alternative to the more conventional air-to-air systems.

scholarly journals DESIGN, FABRICATION AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR THIN FILM SENSORS

2013 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
RAKESH KUMAR ◽  
NIRANJAN SAHOO
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Resistance Temperature Detector ◽  
Thin Film Sensors ◽  
Temperature Detector ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Film Heat Transfer

Thin film heat transfer sensors are most cost effective resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensors for dynamic temperature measurements mainly because of very fast response time (milliseconds or less). These sensors are prepared by deposited high conducting very sensitive gauge material (platinum/nickel/silver) on the insulating surface (pyrex/macor/quartz). The purpose of this work is to fabricate different types of thin film sensors by using high conducting platinum and nanomaterials. After fabrication all these sensors are statically calibrated by oil bath type methods and the typical value of sensitivity for each sensor are calculated and then compared the results between them.

Ball bearing turbocharger vibration management: application on high speed balancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Kostandin Gjika ◽  
Antoine Costeux ◽  
Gerry LaRue ◽  
John Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Squeeze Film Damper ◽  
Damping Coefficients ◽  
Bearing Loads ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

Today's modern internal combustion engines are increasingly focused on downsizing, high fuel efficiency and low emissions, which requires appropriate design and technology of turbocharger bearing systems. Automotive turbochargers operate faster and with strong engine excitation; vibration management is becoming a challenge and manufacturers are increasingly focusing on the design of low vibration and high-performance balancing technology. This paper discusses the synchronous vibration management of the ball bearing cartridge turbocharger on high-speed balancer and it is a continuation of papers [1–3]. In a first step, the synchronous rotordynamics behavior is identified. A prediction code is developed to calculate the static and dynamic performance of “ball bearing cartridge-squeeze film damper”. The dynamic behavior of balls is modeled by a spring with stiffness calculated from Tedric Harris formulas and the damping is considered null. The squeeze film damper model is derived from the Osborne Reynolds equation for incompressible and synchronous fluid loading; the stiffness and damping coefficients are calculated assuming that the bearing is infinitely short, and the oil film pressure is modeled as a cavitated π film model. The stiffness and damping coefficients are integrated on a rotordynamics code and the bearing loads are calculated by converging with the bearing eccentricity ratio. In a second step, a finite element structural dynamics model is built for the system “turbocharger housing-high speed balancer fixture” and validated by experimental frequency response functions. In the last step, the rotating dynamic bearing loads on the squeeze film damper are coupled with transfer functions and the vibration on the housings is predicted. The vibration response under single and multi-plane unbalances correlates very well with test data from turbocharger unbalance masters. The prediction model allows a thorough understanding of ball bearing turbocharger vibration on a high speed balancer, thus optimizing the dynamic behavior of the “turbocharger-high speed balancer” structural system for better rotordynamics performance identification and selection of the appropriate balancing process at the development stage of the turbocharger.

EMISSION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS CONTAINED IN COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF GASOLINE ENGINES

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Assad ◽  
V. V. Grushevski ◽  
O. G. Penyazkov ◽  
I. N. Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Load Mode

The concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the gasoline combustion products emitted into the atmosphere by internal combustion engines (ICE) has been measured using the gas chromatography method. The concentrations of PAHs in the exhaust gases sampled behind a catalytic converter has been determined when the ICE operates in five modes: idle mode, high speed mode, load mode, ICE cold start mode (engine warm-up) and transient mode. Using 92 RON, 95 RON and 98 RON gasoline the effect of the octane number of gasoline on the PAHs content in the exhaust gases has been revealed. The concentration of the most carcinogenic component (benzo(α)pyrene) in the exhaust gases behind a catalytic converter significantly exceeds a reference value of benzo(α)pyrene in the atmospheric air established by the WHO and the EU for ICE in the load mode.

The Radio Probe™: A New Measurement Tool for High Speed Integrated Circuits

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Attenuation Factor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Frequency Measurement ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Differential Measurement

Abstract This article presents a novel tool designed to allow circuit node measurements in a radio frequency (RF) integrated circuit. The discussion covers RF circuit problems; provides details on the Radio Probe design, which achieves an input impedance of 50Kohms and an overall attenuation factor of 0 dB; and describes signal to noise issues in the output signal, along with their improvement techniques. This cost-effective solution incorporates features that make it well suited to the task of differential measurement of circuit nodes within an RF IC. The Radio Probe concept offers a number of advantages compared to active probes. It is a single frequency measurement tool, so it complements, rather than replaces, active probes.

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