On Comparative Performance Testing of Prechamber and Open Chamber Laser Ignition

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Joshi ◽  
Frank Loccisano ◽  
Azer P. Yalin ◽  
Dave T. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Laser Ignition ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Laser Spark ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Engine Testing

Laser ignition is a potential ignition technology to achieve reliable lean burn ignition in high brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) internal combustion engines. The technology has the potential to increase brake thermal efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions. This submission reports on engine testing of a Caterpillar G3516C stationary natural gas fueled engine with three types of ignition approaches: (i) nonfueled electric prechamber plug with electrodes at the base of the prechamber, (ii) nonfueled laser prechamber plug with laser spark in the middle of the prechamber, and (iii) open chamber plug with laser spark in the main chamber. In the second configuration, a stock nonfueled prechamber plug was modified to incorporate a sapphire window and a focusing lens to form a laser prechamber plug. A 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to create laser sparks. For these tests, a single cylinder of the engine was retrofitted with the laser plug while the remaining cylinders were run with conventional electric ignition system at baseline ignition timing of 24 deg before top dead center (BTDC). The performances of the three plugs were compared in terms of indicated mean effective pressures (IMEP), mass burn fraction duration and coefficient of variation (COV) of IMEP, and COV of peak pressure location. Test data show comparable performance between electric and laser prechamber plugs, albeit with a lower degree of variability in engine’s performance for electric prechamber plug compared to the laser prechamber plug. The open chamber plug exhibited poorer variability in engine performance. All results are discussed in the context of prechamber and engine fluid mechanics.

On Comparative Performance Testing of Prechamber and Open Chamber Laser Ignition

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Joshi ◽  
Frank Loccisano ◽  
Azer P. Yalin ◽  
Dave T. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Laser Ignition ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Laser Spark ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Engine Testing

Laser ignition is a potential ignition technology to achieve reliable lean burn ignition in high brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) internal combustion engines. The technology has the potential to increase brake thermal efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions. This submission reports on engine testing of a Caterpillar G3516C stationary natural gas fueled engine with three types of ignition approaches: i) non-fueled electric prechamber plug with electrodes at the base of the prechamber (i.e., conventional ignition), ii) non-fueled laser prechamber plug with laser spark in the middle of the prechamber, and iii) open chamber plug with laser spark in the main chamber. In the second configuration, a stock non-fueled prechamber plug was modified to incorporate a sapphire window and a focusing lens to form a laser prechamber plug. A 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to create laser sparks. For these tests, a single cylinder of the engine was retrofitted with the laser plug while the remaining cylinders were run with conventional electric ignition system at baseline ignition timing of 24 degree before Top Dead Center (BTDC). The performances of the three plugs were compared in terms of Indicated Mean Effective Pressures (IMEP), Mass Burn Fraction Duration and Coefficient of Variation (COV) of IMEP, and COV of Peak Pressure Location. Test data show comparable performance between electric and laser prechamber plugs, albeit with a lower degree of variability in engine’s performance for electric prechamber plug compared to the laser prechamber plug. The open chamber plug exhibited poorer variability in engine performance. All results are discussed in the context of prechamber and engine fluid mechanics.

On Comparative Engine Performance Testing With Fiber Delivered Laser Ignition and Electrical Ignition

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Wilvert ◽  
Sachin Joshi ◽  
Azer Yalin
Keyword(s):  
Beam Quality ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Laser Ignition ◽  
Solid Core ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Nanosecond Pulses ◽  
Spark Plug

Laser ignition of natural gas engines has shown potential to improve many facets of engine performance including brake thermal efficiency, exhaust emissions, and durability as compared with traditional spark ignition. We present proof of concept of a novel fiber optic delivery approach using solid core multimode step index silica fibers with large cladding diameters (400 m core, 720 m cladding). The fibers were able to deliver high beam quality 25 nanosecond pulses of 1064 nm light with 7–10 mJ energy; sufficient to consistently ignite the engine at various air-fuel ratios and loads. Comparative tests between the laser spark plug and a traditional J-gap spark plug were performed on a single cylinder Waukesha Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine running on bottled methane. Performance was measured in terms of the Coefficient of Variation (COV) of Net Mean Effective Pressure (NMEP), fuel specific efficiency, and emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and total hydrocarbons (THC). Tests were run at three different NMEPs of 6, 8, and 12 bar at various air-fuel ratios. Results indicate successful operation of the fiber and improved engine performance at high NMEP and lean conditions.

The Effect of Fuel Additives on Gasoline Heating Value and Spark Ignition Engine Performance: Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff ◽  
Azhar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Rozi Mohd Perang ◽  
N. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Fuel Additives ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure

Today fuel additives had been used widely for the enhancement of fuel economy and engine performance. Fuel additives are substance that acts as catalysts for the completeness combustion of fuel in order to increase the heat released and hence the work output will be improved. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the additives on fuel heating value and engine performance. In this study, three different additives available in the market have been chosen to determine the effect on heating value and engine performance when mixed with fuel. Two types of test were conducted, namely the calorific value and engine performance test. The first test was conducted using a bomb calorimeter with test method in accordance with the DIN 51900 and ASTM D240. The later test was done using engine test bed and with the agreement of BS 5514 (Parts 1 to 6), Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines: Performance, and SAE 1349 Standard Engine Power Test Code. The study shows that fuel additives can cause a standard fuel to have higher heating value up to 5%. As for the engine performance, the engine brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure were increased up to 8% and 10% respectively. The specific fuel consumption can be reduced up to 9%.

Laser Spark Ignition: Laser Development and Engine Testing

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. McMillian ◽  
Steven D. Woodruff ◽  
Steven W. Richardson ◽  
Dustin L. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Laser Spark ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Laser Spark Ignition

Evermore demanding market and legislative pressures require stationary lean-burn natural gas engines to operate at higher efficiencies and reduced levels of emissions. Higher in-cylinder pressures and leaner air/fuel ratios are required in order to meet these demands. Contemporary ignition systems, more specifically spark plug performance and durability, suffer as a result of the increase in spark energy required to maintain suitable engine operation under these conditions. This paper presents a discussion of the need for an improved ignition source for advanced stationary natural gas engines and introduces laser spark ignition as a potential solution to that need. Recent laser spark ignition engine testing with natural gas fuel including NOx mapping is discussed. A prototype laser system in constructed and tested and the results are discussed and solutions provided for improving the laser system output pulse energy and pulse characteristics.

Sea Level Performance of a CF-700 Engine Core With Alternative Fuels

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig R. Davison ◽  
Pervez Canteenwalla ◽  
Jennifer L. Y. Chalmers ◽  
Wajid A. Chishty
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Engine Testing

The use of alternative fuels has the potential to enhance energy independence and reduce environmental impact of air travel. It is important to characterize gas turbine operation using such fuels under controlled conditions before implementing them in flight. The performance of a CF-700 engine core was examined in a sea level test facility. The following fuels were tested and will be reported on: 1. Jet A-1 – baseline fuel 2. 100% unblended Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) synthetic kerosene fuel with aromatics (SKA) 3. 100% unblended Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) 4. Blended 50% HEFA-SPK and 50% Jet A-1 Fuel 2 above is an alternative fuel that can potentially be used without blending with conventional fuel. One purpose of the static engine testing was to determine if this fuel was suitable for use on subsequent test flights in a Dassault Falcon 20 aircraft. Engine performance testing was conducted at various power settings for each fuel. Relevant plots of performance are presented, compared and discussed. Transient tests were also performed including slams and chops. Observations of the effects of the different fuels on the engine fuel system are presented as some alternative fuels have the potential to cause seals to shrink and leaks to occur. The leaks observed are noted as are the steps taken to mitigate the problem.

scholarly journals Lean-Burn Stationary Natural Gas Reciprocating Engine Operation With a Prototype Miniature Diode Side Pumped Passively Q-Switched Laser Spark Plug

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin L. McIntyre ◽  
Steven D. Woodruff ◽  
Michael H. McMillian ◽  
Steven W. Richardson ◽  
Mridul Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Laser Spark ◽  
Laser Systems ◽  
Laser Design ◽  
Engine Testing

To meet the ignition system needs of large bore lean burn stationary natural gas engines a laser diode side pumped passively Q-switched laser igniter was developed and used to ignite lean mixtures in a single cylinder research engine. The laser design was produced from previous work. The in-cylinder conditions and exhaust emissions produced by the miniaturized laser were compared to that produced by a laboratory scale commercial laser system used in prior engine testing. The miniaturized laser design as well as the combustion and emissions data for both laser systems was compared and discussed. It was determined that the two laser systems produced virtually identical combustion and emissions data.

Experimental Evaluation of Turbo-Matching Appropriateness of B60J67, B60J68, A58N70 and A58N72 Turbo-Chargers for a Commercial Vehicle Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Badal Dev Roy ◽  
R. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Road Test ◽  
The Road ◽  
A Charge ◽  
All Speeds

The Turbocharger is a charge booster for internal combustion engines to ensure best engine performance at all speeds and road conditions especially at the higher load.  Random selection of turbocharger may lead to negative effects like surge and choke in the breathing of the engine. Appropriate selection or match of the turbocharger (Turbomatching) is a tedious task and expensive. But perfect match gives many distinguished advantages and it is a one time task per the engine kind. This study focuses to match the turbocharger to desired engine by simulation and on road test. The objective of work is to find the appropriateness of matching of turbochargers with trim 67 (B60J67), trim 68 (B60J68),  trim 70 (A58N70) and trim 72 (A58N72) for the TATA 497 TCIC -BS III engine. In the road-test (data-logger method) the road routes like highway and slope up were considered for evaluation. The operating conditions with respect various speeds, routes and simulated outputs were compared with the help of compressor map.

Pengembangan Mesin Pencacah Sampah/Limbah Plastik Dengan Sistem Crusher dan Silinder Pemotong Tipe Reel

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Junaidi - ◽  
Ichlas Nur ◽  
Nofriadi - ◽  
Rusmardi -
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Technical Evaluation ◽  
Lower Frame

Waste plastic mounting, but can be recycled into other products in the form of granules before further processed into pellets and seed injection molding process produces products such as buckets, plates, bottles and other beverages. To be processed into the required form of granules of plastic thrasher. Though so small plastic recycling industry is still constrained in plastic enumeration process because the machine used was not optimal ability. The purpose of this research is the development of the system thrasher plastic crusher and cutter cylinder-type reel and technical evaluation. This study was conducted over two years, the first year the design and manufacture of machinery, the second year is a technical evaluation of the engine, engine performance improvements and economic analysis of granular plastic products.From the results obtained engine design capacity of the machine ± 350 kg / h, the engine size is 50 cm x 120 cm x 30 cm, power motor of 10 HP at 1450 RPM rotation with 3 phase. Some of the major components of the engine that is, counter crusher unit consists of two counter rotating cylinders opposite, counter shaft size Ø 4 cm x 58 cm, blade chopper Ø 17 cm x 2 cm with the number of teeth / blades 7 pieces and the number of blades along shaft 7 pieces, buses retaining Ø 10 cm x 2 cm. Counter-cylinder unit consists of a reel-type cutter counter shaft size Ø 4 cm x 90 cm, the middle shaft mounted cylinder with Ø 17 cm x 40 cm as the holder of the chopper blades. Chopper blade consists of 4 pieces with a size of 40 cm x 2 cm x 4 cm with ASSAB materials. Furthermore, as the blade retaining bedknife shear force of the blade chopper, upper frame, lower frame, strainer, funnel entry, exit funnel, and the drive unit consists of an electric motor, reducer, belts, pulleys and 2 pieces of gear transmission. The results of performance testing machine crusher round cylinder 75 RPM and 1450 RPM reel-type cutting machine capacity ± 300 kg / h on the filter hole Ø 1.5 cm, with a 80% grain uniformity.

scholarly journals The Rotating Liner Engine (RLE) Diesel Prototype: Reducing Internal Engine Friction by about 40% under Idle Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Dardalis ◽  
Amiyo Basu ◽  
Matt J. Hall ◽  
Ronald D. Mattthews
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Hydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Contact Boundary ◽  
Metal Contact ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Economy Benefit

The Rotating Liner Engine (RLE) concept is a design concept for internal combustion engines, where the cylinder liner rotates at a surface speed of 2–4 m/s in order to assist piston ring lubrication. Specifically, we have evidence from prior art and from our own research that the above rotation has the potential to eliminate the metal-to-metal contact/boundary friction that exists close to the piston reversal areas. This frictional source becomes a significant energy loss, especially in the compression/expansion part of the cycle, when the gas pressure that loads the piston rings and skirts is high. This paper describes the Diesel RLE prototype constructed from a Cummins 4BT and the preliminary observations from initial low load testing. The critical technical challenge, namely the rotating liner face seal, appears to be operating with negligible gas leakage and within the hydrodynamic lubrication regime for the loads tested (peak cylinder pressures of the order of 100 bar) and up to about 10 bar BMEP (brake mean effective pressure). Preliminary testing has proven that the metal-to-metal contact in the piston assembly mostly vanished, and a friction reduction at idle conditions of about 40% as extrapolated to a complete engine has taken place. It is expected that as the speed increases, the friction reduction percentage will diminish, but as the load increases, the friction reduction will increase. The fuel economy benefit over the US Heavy-Duty driving cycle will likely be of the order of 10% compared to a standard engine.

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