scholarly journals Analysis of the Variable Geometry Effect in Radial Turbines

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Binder ◽  
Sebastien Le Guyader ◽  
Xavier Carbonneau
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Flow Coefficient ◽  
Geometric Configuration ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Geometry Problem ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Radial Turbines

The influence of variable geometry stators on the stage behavior is analyzed from both theoretical and experimental points of view. A theoretical analysis of the trajectory of some pressure-ratio lines in a loading-to-flow-coefficient diagram leads to the definition of a specific dimensionless parameter: the reduced section. This parameter is representative of the stator geometric configuration and is thus expected to be a good candidate to describe the variable geometry problem. From a theoretical point of view, this parameter is no less than the formal expression of the link between the geometric configuration of the stator and the behavior of the stage. An experimental approach decomposed in three phases is then led to evaluate this assessment. The results clearly demonstrate the crucial influence of the reduced section in the operating point definition. It leads to the conclusion that from a theoretical point of view, the two solutions mainly used in the industry for variable geometry stages (variation of the height or of the opening position of the stator blades) are equivalent provided that they are sanitized of their respective technological drawbacks. It has also been shown that the geometric configuration of the stator chosen to reach a specific value of the reduced section has some incidence on the efficiency of the stage. This observation gives some opportunities for optimization, for which some axis of reflection is given.

THE CONCEPT AS THE OBJECT OF STUDY OF LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
K. Galiyeva ◽  
◽  
S. Isakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Scientific Fields

The article is devoted to the definition of concept in modern linguistics. Various points of view and definitions of the basic concepts are considered: "concept", "conceptual sphere", "content". The aim of the article is to describe and explain such a complex unit as a concept from the point of view of linguistics. The object of research is studied in its various manifestations, the combination of verbal and nonverbal means of information expression in the conceptual sphere is revealed. the relevance of this topic is due to the need for a detailed consideration of the concept of concept based on the works of prominent scientists and linguists. Researchers treat the concept as a cognitive, psycholinguistic, linguocultural, cultural and linguistic phenomenon. The concept is an umbrella term because it "covers" the subject areas of several scientific fields: primarily cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics.

Chronometric Height: a relativistic height definition by generalizing geopotential numbers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Weak Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
Weak Field Limit ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Fundamental Insight ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Framework

<p>A height definition in terms of geopotential numbers offers a variety of advantages. Moreover, from the theoretical point of view, such a definition is considered more fundamental. </p><p>We know, however, that relativistic gravity (here General Relativity) requires to reformulate the basic geodetic notions and to develop a consistent theoretical framework, relativistic geodesy, to yield an undoubtedly correct interpretation of measurement results.</p><p>The new framework of chronometric geodesy that builds on the comparison of clocks offers fundamental insight into the spacetime geometry if a solid theoretical formulation of observables is underlying modern high-precision measurements. Here we approach a genuine relativistic definition of the concept of height. Based on the relativistic generalization of geopotential numbers, a definition of chronometric height is suggested, which reduces to the well-known notions in the weak-field limit.</p>

scholarly journals DEFICIENT OF THE STATE BUDGET OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
H. V. Sydor ◽  
O. I. Tkachik
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

                Purpose. Investigation of essence of deficit of the State Budget from the point of view of existing approaches in economic science.         Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the scientific works of domestic and foreign authors on the research of the essence of the deficit of the State Budget of Ukraine, Internet resources. In the process of research used general and special methods, in particular: monographic – in the implementation of the literary review of the problem under study; systemic and structural analysis – in substantiating different approaches and different points of view before interpreting the essence of the State Budget deficit as a complex economic category.        Findings. Generalized theoretical developments of domestic and foreign scientists-economists on the interpretation of the «deficit of the State Budget». At the theoretical level, it has been proved that over the entire period of functioning of Ukraine as an independent state there was an excess of the expenditure part of the State Budget over its revenue. Traced causal relationships, which are important reasons for the appearance of a deficit of the State Budget in Ukraine. The research of those scientists considering the definition of «deficit of the State Budget» from positive and negative sides is considered. It was established that it would assess the financing of the position of the state and the country affecting the budget and tax policy of the balance of payments, the state of the monetary system and the internal order, which allows to identify the deficit of the State Budget.        Originality. It is suggested to trace causal relationships, which are important reasons for the occurrence of the deficit of the State Budget in Ukraine.        Practical value. The obtained research results are the basis for solving practical problems of the correct scientific approach to understanding this concept at the present stage.

Environmental security as an international legal category

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Valeriia Polych
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Body ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

Problem setting. The problem of environmental security has gone beyond national borders and acquired a planetary character. If before the issue of ensuring the environmental security of countries was solely their internal affair, over time, state borders from an environmental point of view gradually lost their importance, became transparent. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The study of theoretical or some practical aspects of the legal nature of environmental safety were engaged in domestic and foreign scientists, among which are the works of: A.P. Hetman, H.V. Anisimova, G.I. Balyuk, S.A. Bogolyubova, M.M. Brinchuk, I.I. Karakash, T.G. Kovalchuk, V.V. Kostytsky and others. Target of research is to determine the essence and features of environmental safety as a legal category in terms of international law. Article’s main body. The article examines the definition of «environmental security» as a legal category. Its legal nature and its connection to international security are being established. In particular, environmental security as a legal category is considered from two points of view, as a certain state of protection of a person from threats caused by an thropogenic impact on natural objects, and as a system of legal instruments regulating the use of natural resources for their protection, as well as prevention and counteraction to threats that have a detrimental effect on the environment. Through the analysis of international legal acts, modern approaches of the international community to ensuring environmental security are determined. The international mechanism for environmental security is constantly evolving, it should be recognized that it is unfortunately not perfect and is not able to fully solve today's environmental problems, as well as to prevent an environmental catastrophe on a global scale. By concluding international agreements alone, it is impossible to ensure effective protection of all elements of the natural environment. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Therefore, it is important to consolidate the efforts of all participants in international communication in developing common approaches to solving this problem and actively using numerous international treaties and soft law instruments, best national practices, and involving civil society.

Integral-cultural definition of a criminal punishment An integral-cultural definition: source and application

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-140
Author(s):  
Jarosław Utrat-Milecki
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Legal Philosopher ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Moral Point Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Constituent Elements

Many scholars feel, like the legal philosopher Joelberg, that "punishment from a theoretical point of view is something mysterious, and from a moral point of view - disturbing" . The mystery and disturbing ambiguity of the punishment makes the formulation of its definition, and the definition of a criminal punishment in particular, which would be satisfactory, an extremely difficult task. A way out of an embarrassing situation of defining a criminal punishment is to indicate the most important circumstances and conditions that must be met in order for some social action to be called a punishment. This involves an exhaustive and comprehensive indication of the components ("constituent elements of punishment"), and at the same time a sharp cut-off of all other types of activities The question about constituent elements that give particular teams behaviour, carried out by authorized persons, the character of a criminal punishment does not concern the description of patterns of such a behaviour and their fulfilment, such as the action related to the enforcement of the obligation to pay a certain amount, physical deprivation of liberty or fulfilment of the obligation to work. It is important, however, to define the conditions in which the legal formulas of such behavior and the specific actions taken on their basis and the situations resulting from them can be described as a criminal punishment.

Mechanical analysis of coated materials undergoing fretting fatigue in a cryogenic environment

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Caron ◽  
G Inglebert ◽  
R Gras ◽  
J. M De Monicault
Keyword(s):  
Fretting Fatigue ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Hardening Law ◽  
Coated Materials ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fretting Damage ◽  
Contact Parameters

Fretting damage, also known as small-amplitude oscillatory sliding motion, can lead to catastrophic failure in many industrial applications. An understanding of fretting fatigue and its reproduction in laboratory tests have enabled an evaluation to be made of the fretting resistance of homogeneous substrate. To reduce the damage caused by fretting fatigue, increasing use has been made of coatings or treatments that result in inhomogeneous solids. From a theoretical point of view, ascertaining the mechanical behaviour of materials so modified is quite complex due to insufficient definition of the contact parameters. This present study seeks to analyse a layered medium undergoing fretting fatigue in a cryotechnical environment and the improvement in its fretting fatigue resistance. The first step of the analysis of a layered alloy is the determination of the new contact parameters in elasticity, and the second is the characterization of the elastic-plastic coefficients of the strain-hardening law. An evaluation of the lifetime before crack initiation will close the analysis.

scholarly journals Penal and Legal Doctrine as a Legal Category and a Metalanguage Means to Shape the Penal and Legal Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
V.E. Lapshin ◽  
◽  
V.V. Shakhanov ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Penal Institutions ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Social Narrative

So far, the science of penal law has not looked closely into the term “doctrine”, and, in particular, “penal and legal doctrine” from the theoretical point of view. Thus we find it necessary to eliminate this gap, since the use of these terms and their synonyms varies greatly in the scientific and educational activities of penal institutions. Understanding the doctrinal grounds is also important for assessing the current situation and prospects for development of the science of penal law. The article analyzes the usage of the terms “penal and legal doctrine”, “criminal-executive doctrine” “doctrine of criminal-executive law”, “penal doctrine”, “correctional doctrine”; penal and legal doctrine is considered as part of legal doctrine; we study the notion of “legal doctrine” in its relations with adjacent categories (science, concept, position); we also investigate the effects of penal and legal doctrine on the penal and legal policy. We conclude that the term “penal and legal doctrine” is the core one and acts as a necessary prerequisite for scientific analysis. We also provide recommendations for the use of the term “doctrine” in the penal law sphere and put forward our own definition of the term “penal and legal doctrine”. In the course of our research we used general scientific, sectoral (social narrative) and level methodology (methods of theoretical and metatheoretical levels of cognition in science).

scholarly journals SUBCOLL SUBCOLLOQUIAL MESURA AL MESURATIVE PHRASEOL TIVE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNI OGICAL UNITS IN THE S IN THE CULTURE OF THE PEOPLES OF THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Nodirjon Bakhromalievich Otaqulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
The World ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Material

Introduction. This article examines the use of subcolloquial mesurative phraseological units in the French, Uzbek and Russian languages from the point of view of reflecting in them the relationship between language and cultural semantics. Its purpose is to determine the similarities and differences between subcolloquial mesurative phraseological units, taking into account the main symbolic meanings of numbers in world culture. The article examines the subcolloquial mesurative units in French, Uzbek and Russian, their place in the linguistic picture of the world, as well as their use in proverbs, sayings and phraseological units. Various points of view of scientists-linguists are considered, in particular, that the category of time is a category of a wide heterogeonic plan and finds a peculiar reflection in the linguistic picture of the world. The questions of the use of the subcolloquial mesurative unit of time in lexical, phraseological units, as well as in proverbs and sayings in French, Uzbek and Russian are touched upon. The conclusions are supported by the factual linguistic material of the indicated languages. Materials and methods. The study used the methods of component and stylistic analysis within the framework of the linguistic picture of the world based on the system-structural paradigms. It is noted that subcolloquial mesurative phraseological units differ from other linguistic units in that they provide imagery, expressiveness and emotionality to speech. The main attention is paid to the definition of national and cultural features of phraseological units with subcolloquial mesurative components of the French, Uzbek and Russian languages, expressing different socio-cultural cultures of the world. Results and discussion. Scientific novelty lies in the study of determining the sources of phraseological units with subcolloquial mesurative components in the French, Uzbek and Russian languages on the basis of phraseological units. An analysis of the generality and specificity in the meanings of the subcolloquial mesuratic phraseological units of the compared languages was carried out. This analysis involves the study of the semantics of subcolloquial mesuratic phraseological units, the mechanisms of nomination and associative links existing in them, the consciousness and properties of the mentality of the three peoples

scholarly journals Off-Design Considerations through the Properties of Some Pressure-Ratio Line of Radial Inflow Turbines

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Binder ◽  
X. Carbonneau ◽  
P. Chassaing
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Operating Constraints ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Radial Turbines ◽  
Two Machines

Radial turbines are commonly used in applications involving operation through severe off-design conditions. The emergence of variable-geometry systems leads to the distinction between two off-design concepts: operational and geometric off-designs. Both of these operating constraints should be integrated in the design procedure. Recent developments in prediction and optimization methods allowed such an integration, but involving complex algorithms is coupled with semiempiric loss models. This paper provides a basis to obtain simple information from an existing or predesigned machine, for both operational and geometric off-design conditions. An alternative turbine map is defined using loading and flow coefficients. A one-dimensional analysis shows that the constant pressure-ratio lines are straight lines whose slope is remarkably correlated with the pressure-ratio value and geometrical characteristics. This theoretical approach is validated against the experimentation of two machines, the linearity is observed in both cases. The direct influence of the stator configuration on the pressure-ratio lines confirms the applicability of this work to variable-geometry stages. A dimensionless cross-section of the stator is thus defined. However, the unexpected displacement of the intercept of the pressure-ratio lines limits the application field of this method. Nevertheless, a simple performance prediction analysis is proposed for blocked mass flow operation.

scholarly journals Questions de corps de définition pour les variétés abéliennes en caractéristique positive

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Benoist ◽  
Françoise Delon
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Geometry ◽  
Abelian Variety ◽  
Positive Characteristic ◽  
Abelian Varieties ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractDichotomies in various conjectures from algebraic geometry are in fact occurrences of the dichotomy among Zariski structures. This is what Hrushovski showed and which enabled him to solve, positively, the geometric Mordell–Lang conjecture in positive characteristic. Are we able now to avoid this use of Zariski structures? Pillay and Ziegler have given a direct proof that works for semi-abelian varieties they called ‘very thin’, which include the ordinary abelian varieties. But it does not apply in all generality: we describe here an abelian variety which is not very thin. More generally, we consider from a model-theoretical point of view several questions about the fields of definition of semi-abelian varieties.

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