Dead-Time Compensation for Wave/String PDEs

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Krstic
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Kernel Functions ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Dramatic Form ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dead Time Compensation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Input Delays

Smith predictorlike designs for compensation of arbitrarily long input delays are commonly available only for finite-dimensional systems. Only very few examples exist, where such compensation has been achieved for partial differential equation (PDE) systems, including our recent result for a parabolic (reaction-diffusion) PDE. In this paper, we address a more challenging wave PDE problem, where the difficulty is amplified by allowing all of this PDE’s eigenvalues to be a distance to the right of the imaginary axis. Antidamping (positive feedback) on the uncontrolled boundary induces this dramatic form of instability. We develop a design that compensates an arbitrarily long delay at the input of the boundary control system and achieves exponential stability in closed-loop. We derive explicit formulae for our controller’s gain kernel functions. They are related to the open-loop solutions of the antistable wave equation system over the time period of input delay (this simple relationship is the result of the design approach).

scholarly journals Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome induced by short-term weight loss: a case series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudai Tamura ◽  
Tomohiro Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Background Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is an uncommon condition characterized by dyspnoea and arterial desaturation in the standing or sitting position that improves in the supine position. Case summary We report two cases of POS caused by an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Both cases reported a recent decrease in body weight of more than 10 kg in a short time period. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) with agitated saline bubble study revealed and a large amount of contrast bubble through the ASD (Patient 1) or the PFO (Patient 2) from the right atrium to the left atrium in the sitting position. Both patients were diagnosed by the finding of positional dyspnoea and the results of TOE using agitated saline bubble contrast. Discussion Taken together, their presentations suggest that weight loss in a short time period could be a pathogenic factor for POS.

Exodus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Hart ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Religious Ceremony ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Archeological Evidence ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
The Right

What makes a "religious" holiday? Does the combination of ritual, culture, and family custom all merge together to create "religion?" Does it even matter if the historical basis for religious stories are false? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the spaceship computer AI wakes up a family in deep space hibernation to give them time to prepare for, and celebrate, Passover. There are many situations unique to being in space that must be overcome; determining the right time period when taking into consideration time dilation, not to mention missing ingredients for traditional foods. Also, they are short two people of the requisite ten and ask the computer AI to "convert" and serve the role of two additional Jewish people. Awkwardly, the computer reminds them that some of their traditional stories are not supported by archeological evidence. This all begs important questions about the complicated weaving of history, faith, culture, and family custom in religious ceremony.

scholarly journals Present and LGM permafrost from climate simulations: contribution of statistical downscaling

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2233-2275 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Levavasseur ◽  
M. Vrac ◽  
D. M. Roche ◽  
D. Paillard ◽  
A. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Downscaling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Time Period

Abstract. We quantify the agreement between permafrost distributions from PMIP2 (Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project) climate models and permafrost data. We evaluate the ability of several climate models to represent permafrost and assess the inter-variability between them. Studying an heterogeneous variable such as permafrost implies to conduct analysis at a smaller spatial scale compared with climate models resolution. Our approach consists in applying statistical downscaling methods (SDMs) on large- or regional-scale atmospheric variables provided by climate models, leading to local permafrost modelling. Among the SDMs, we first choose a transfer function approach based on Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to produce high-resolution climatology of surface air temperature (SAT). Then, we define permafrost distribution over Eurasia by SAT conditions. In a first validation step on present climate (CTRL period), GAM shows some limitations with non-systemic improvements in comparison with the large-scale fields. So, we develop an alternative method of statistical downscaling based on a stochastic generator approach through a Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), which directly models the probabilities of local permafrost indices. The obtained permafrost distributions appear in a better agreement with data. In both cases, the provided local information reduces the inter-variability between climate models. Nevertheless, this also proves that a simple relationship between permafrost and the SAT only is not always sufficient to represent local permafrost. Finally, we apply each method on a very different climate, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) time period, in order to quantify the ability of climate models to represent LGM permafrost. Our SDMs do not significantly improve permafrost distribution and do not reduce the inter-variability between climate models, at this period. We show that LGM permafrost distribution from climate models strongly depends on large-scale SAT. The differences with LGM data, larger than in the CTRL period, reduce the contribution of downscaling and depend on several factors deserving further studies.

scholarly journals Pelaksanaan Akta Pelepasan Hak Sebagai Alas Hak Untuk Mengajukan Permohonan Peralihan Dan Perubahan Hak Guna Bangunan Yang Jangka Waktunya Telah Berakhir Di Kabupaten Brebes

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Dwi Heny Ratnawati ◽  
Djauhari Djauhari
Keyword(s):  
Legal Research ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Funding Institution ◽  
The Right

AbstrakTujuan utama yang akan dilaksanakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : 1) Untuk menganalisis bagaimana pelaksanaan akta pelepasan hak sebagai alas hak untuk mengajukan permohonan peralihan dan perubahan hak guna bangunan yang jangka waktunya telah berakhir, 2) Untuk menganalisis kelemahan dan solusi pelaksanaan akta pelepasan hak sebagai alas hak untuk mengajukan permohonan peralihan dan perubahan hak guna bangunan yang jangka waktunya telah berakhir di Kabupaten Brebes.Penelitian ini bersifat Soci-Legal Research dimana dalam penelitian ini akan dipaparkan tentang pelaksanaan akta pelepasan hak untuk mengajukan permohonan peralihan dan perubahan hak guna bangunan yang telah berakhir jangka waktunya. Bersifat analistis, karena terhadap data yang diperoleh itu dilakukan analisis data secara kualitatif.Kesimpulan atas pelaksanaan akta pelepasan hak sebagai alas hak untuk mengajukan permohonan peralihan dan perubahan hak guna bangunan yang jangka waktunya telah berakhir yaitu dalam pelaksanaan akta pelepasan hak harus didukung dengan syarat-syarat yang lain disamping identitas pemohon, juga mengenai data yuridis atas tanah yang dimohon yaitu berupa bukti pelunasaan dari pihak bank sebagai lembaga yang membiayai, disamping itu akta pelepasan hak dapat dilaksanakan apabila sudah memenuhi syarat otentitas akta dan syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian yaitu akta pelepasan hak dapat dibuat setelah dikeluarkanya Surat Keterangan Pendaftaran Tanah (SKPT) dari Kantor Pertanahan setempat.Kata kunci : Akta Pelepasan Hak, alas hak, Hak Guna BangunanAbstractThe main objectives to be carried out in this research are as follows: 1) To analyze how the implementation of the deed of disposal of rights as the base of the right to apply for the transition and change of building rights which has expired, 2) To analyze the weaknesses and the implementation of the deed of disposal as a basis for the right to file transitional applications and changes in building rights that have expired in Brebes County.This research is Soci-Legal Research which in this research will be presented about the implementation of the deed of release of the right to apply for the transition and change of the right to the building which has expired the time period. Analytical, because of the data obtained was analyzed data qualitatively.The conclusion of the exercise of the deed of disposal of rights as the base of the right to file the transitional application and the amendment of the rights to the building whose term has expired in the exercise of the deed of disposal shall be supported by other conditions beside the identity of the applicant as well as the juridical data on the requested land in the form of evidence of expulsion from the bank as a funding institution, in addition to the deed of disposal of rights may be exercised if it meets the authentication requirements of the deed and the validity of an agreement that is the deed of release can be made after the issuance of Land Registration Certificate (SKPT) from the local Land Office.Keywords: Deed of Rights Release, pedestal rights, building use rights

Decentralized MRAC for Large-Scale Interconnected Systems With State and Input Delays by Integrators Inclusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hamid Hashemipour ◽  
Nastaran Vasegh ◽  
Ali Khaki Sedigh
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Input Delay ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Delay Compensation ◽  
State And Input Delays ◽  
Input Delays ◽  
Model Reference Adaptive

This paper investigates the problem of decentralized model reference adaptive control (MRAC) for a class of large-scale systems with time-varying delays in the interconnected terms and state and input delays. The upper bounds of interconnection terms with time-varying delays and external disturbances are assumed to be completely unknown. By integrators inclusion, a dynamic input delay compensator is established for input delay compensation and it is used as a practical method for state calculation x(t + R). Also, a method is presented for a class of decentralized feedback controllers, which can evolve the closed-loop system error uniformly bounded stable. As a numerical example, the proposed technique is applied to an unstable open-loop system to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

Reality from Fantasy

2010 ◽  
pp. 291-310
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Balzac
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Short Time ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Live Action ◽  
Conflicting Goals ◽  
Personal Stake

A major difficulty with teaching ethics is that it is relatively easy for participants to state the “right” thing to do when they have no personal stake in the outcome. One way of dealing with this problem is to teach ethics through engrossing, immersive, predictive scenario games in which players are forced to deal with ethical issues as they arise, where they have a personal stake in the outcome, and where there is not always a clear right answer. Predictive scenario games are a form of serious live-action roleplaying in which participants take on the roles of people involved in complex situations. In these games, knowledge of the game world is distributed among the players through overlapping and conflicting goals, and in which ethical dilemmas emerge naturally, without fanfare, much as they would in the real world. There is a high level of tension between cooperation and competition among the players. This structure creates the opportunity for players to experience the consequences of their own judgment in realistic, ethically fraught situations, to receive feedback, and to engage in constructive discussion, within a relatively short time period.

Evaluating the Effects of Size and Precision of Training Data on ANN Training Performance for the Prediction of Chaotic Time Series Patterns

2022 ◽  
pp. 266-282
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Chaotic Time Series ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Lorenz Attractor ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Hidden Layer ◽  
Input Delays

In this research, artificial neural networks (ANN) with various architectures are trained to generate the chaotic time series patterns of the Lorenz attractor. The ANN training performance is evaluated based on the size and precision of the training data. The nonlinear Auto-Regressive (NAR) model is trained in open loop mode first. The trained model is then used with closed loop feedback to predict the chaotic time series outputs. The research goal is to use the designed NAR ANN model for the simulation and analysis of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in order to study brain activities. A simple ANN topology with a single hidden layer of 3 to 16 neurons and 1 to 4 input delays is used. The training performance is measured by averaged mean square error. It is found that the training performance cannot be improved by solely increasing the training data size. However, the training performance can be improved by increasing the precision of the training data. This provides useful knowledge towards reducing the number of EEG data samples and corresponding acquisition time for prediction.

13 Summary Procedure: (Articles 56 to 64)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jianlong ◽  
Cao Lijun
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Special Procedure ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Summary Procedure

This chapter examines the Summary Procedure under the CIETAC Rules, which resembles most expedited procedures of other institutions in that the arbitral procedure is expedited for cases with a relatively small amount in dispute or where the parties agree to the application of the special procedure. While the Summary Procedure can be highly efficient, there is always a tension between the need for efficient and expeditious dispute resolution and the right of parties to present their cases, and failure to afford a party the right to present case could give rise to an application to set aside or resist recognition and enforcement of an award. Articles 56 to 64 of the CIETAC Rules are designed to maintain the balance between efficiency and parties’ right to be heard. These articles set forth special provisions of the Summary Procedure. These special provisions include: the application; notice of arbitration; formation of the arbitral tribunal; defence and counterclaim; conduct of hearing; notice of oral hearing; time period for rendering the award; change of procedure; and context reference.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Elite Athletes Training Management Efficiency Based on Multiple Criteria Measure of Conditioning Using Fewer Data

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandras Krylovas ◽  
Natalja Kosareva ◽  
Rūta Dadelienė ◽  
Stanislav Dadelo
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Sports Industry ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Target Values ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Olympic Games

Innovative solutions and techniques in the sports industry are commonly used and tested in real conditions. Elite athletes have to achieve their peak performance before the main competition of the year, which is the World Championship, and every fourth year before the Olympic Games, when the main competition of athletes takes place. The present study aims to analyze and evaluate the ability of elite kayakers to achieve the best form at the right times, with the Olympic Games taking the greatest importance. Target values for multiple measures of conditioning are compared to target values set by experts. A weighted least squares metric with weights varied by time period is developed as a measure of fulfillment of the athletes’ conditioning plans. The novelty of the paper is the idea of using linear combination of polynomials and trigonometric functions for approximating the target functions and application of the proposed methodology for the optimization and evaluation of athletic training.

A REACTION–DIFFUSION–ADVECTION EQUATION WITH COMBUSTION NONLINEARITY ON THE HALF-LINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
FANG LI ◽  
QI LI ◽  
YUFEI LIU
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Robin Boundary Condition ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Half Line ◽  
Advection Equation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Combustion Nonlinearity ◽  
Robin Boundary

We study the dynamics of a reaction–diffusion–advection equation $u_{t}=u_{xx}-au_{x}+f(u)$ on the right half-line with Robin boundary condition $u_{x}=au$ at $x=0$, where $f(u)$ is a combustion nonlinearity. We show that, when $0<a<c$ (where $c$ is the travelling wave speed of $u_{t}=u_{xx}+f(u)$), $u$ converges in the $L_{loc}^{\infty }([0,\infty ))$ topology either to $0$ or to a positive steady state; when $a\geq c$, a solution $u$ starting from a small initial datum tends to $0$ in the $L^{\infty }([0,\infty ))$ topology, but this is not true for a solution starting from a large initial datum; when $a>c$, such a solution converges to $0$ in $L_{loc}^{\infty }([0,\infty ))$ but not in $L^{\infty }([0,\infty ))$ topology.

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