Performance Analysis of a Novel Compact Flotation Unit

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hayatdavoudi ◽  
M. Howdeshell ◽  
E. Godeaux ◽  
N. Pednekar ◽  
V. Dhumal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Efficient Operation

The oil and gas industry produces large quantities of water as a by-product of petroleum production. Discharge specification of produced water requires efficient management and sophisticated technology. Conventional technologies such as those based on gravity separation, cyclonic separation method, filtration techniques, flotation technique, and natural gas/air sparge tube systems are used for treating produced water. However, most, if not all, of these technologies require a large footprint. This problem has created a challenge for the produced water industry, as well as for operators managing the offshore production facilities. Responding to the challenge at hand, Siemens Water Technologies Corporation has developed a novel compact flotation unit (CFU) equipped with a dissolved gas flotation (DGF) pump for treating produced water. The CFU has a small foot print and shorter residence time. The DGF pump is equipped with a unique, dual-sided impeller, which pulls the blanket gas on one side and the produced water on the other. Under applied backpressure, the gas entering the DGF pump dissolves in a portion of a recycled, cleaned water stream. The dissolved gas generates bubbles due to the pressure drop when the mixture of produced water and gas passes through a special valve before entering the CFU. The ratio of the inlet produced water flow rate to the DGF pump output rate plays an important role in optimum separation of oil droplets from the produced water. Besides the above-mentioned ratio, generation of an adequate number and size of bubbles provides another critical key factor in efficient operation of the CFU system. To validate our theoretical approach regarding the controlled forced vortex of the multiphase flow, we performed various tests in the shop facility of Siemens Water Technologies Corporation, as well as on a platform facility offshore Louisiana. We used a response surface methodology technique to analyze the CFU performance data and to generate an optimum surface response for free oil and grease removal efficiency. For optimizing the size of the piping and CFU dimensions, we used the rigorous yet simple principles of the constrained similitude. The free oil removal efficiency results in the shop and field tests, for CFU without the use of packing material, were satisfactory. Additionally, we found that CFU system tests resulted in the removal efficiency of water soluble oil (WSO). We did not expect this additional outcome as the CFU system was not designed to affect the removal of WSO.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Galdieria sulphuraria and Chlorella vulgaris for the Bioremediation of Produced Water

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
Shanglei Pan ◽  
Cymone Houston ◽  
Thinesh Selvaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Galdieria Sulphuraria ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Chemical Contaminants

Produced water (PW) is the largest waste stream generated by the oil and gas industry. Traditional treatment of PW burdens the industry with significant expenses and environmental issues. Alternatively, microalgal-based bioremediation of PW is often viewed as an ecologically safe and sustainable platform for treating PW. Moreover, the nutrients in PW could support algal growth. However, significant dilution of PW is often required in algal-based systems due to the presence of complex chemical contaminants. In light of these facts, the current work has investigated the potential of cultivating Galdieria sulphuraria and Chlorella vulgaris in PW using multiple dilutions; 0% PW, 5% PW, 10% PW, 20% PW, 50% PW and 100% PW. While both algal strains can grow in PW, the current results indicated that G. sulphuraria has a higher potential of growth in up to 50% PW (total dissolved solids of up to 55 g L−1) with a growth rate of 0.72 ± 0.05 g L−1 d−1 and can achieve a final biomass density of 4.28 ± 0.16 g L−1 in seven days without the need for additional micronutrients. Additionally, the algae showed the potential of removing 99.6 ± 0.2% nitrogen and 74.2 ± 8.5% phosphorus from the PW.

scholarly journals A Literature Review of Hybrid System Dynamics and Agent-Based Modeling in a Produced Water Management Context

Modelling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-239
Author(s):  
Saeed P. Langarudi ◽  
Robert P. Sabie ◽  
Babak Bahaddin ◽  
Alexander G. Fernald
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Hybrid Modeling ◽  
Agent Based

This paper explores the possibility and plausibility of developing a hybrid simulation method combining agent-based (AB) and system dynamics (SD) modeling to address the case study of produced water management (PWM). In southeastern New Mexico, the oil and gas industry generates large volumes of produced water, while at the same time, freshwater resources are scarce. Single-method models are unable to capture the dynamic impacts of PWM on the water budget at both the local and regional levels, hence the need for a more complex hybrid approach. We used the literature, information characterizing produced water in New Mexico, and our preliminary interviews with subject matter experts to develop this framework. We then conducted a systematic literature review to summarize state-of-the-art of hybrid modeling methodologies and techniques. Our research revealed that there is a small but growing volume of hybrid modeling research that could provide some foundational support for modelers interested in hybrid modeling approaches for complex natural resource management issues. We categorized these efforts into four classes based on their approaches to hybrid modeling. It appears that, among these classes, PWM requires the most sophisticated approach, indicating that PWM modelers will need to face serious challenges and break new ground in this realm.

scholarly journals Optimization of Silver Nanoparticle Separation Method from Drilling Waste Matrices

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Monika Gajec ◽  
Ewa Kukulska-Zając ◽  
Anna Król
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Drilling Waste ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Significant amounts of produced water, spent drilling fluid, and drill cuttings, which differ in composition and characteristics in each drilling operation, are generated in the oil and gas industry. Moreover, the oil and gas industry faces many technological development challenges to guarantee a safe and clean environment and to meet strict environmental standards in the field of processing and disposal of drilling waste. Due to increasing application of nanomaterials in the oil and gas industry, drilling wastes may also contain nanometer-scale materials. It is therefore necessary to characterize drilling waste in terms of nanomaterial content and to optimize effective methods for their determination, including a key separation step. The purpose of this study is to select the appropriate method of separation and pre-concentration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from drilling wastewater samples and to determine their size distribution along with the state of aggregation using single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). Two AgNP separation methods were compared: centrifugation and cloud point extraction. The first known use of spICP-MS for drilling waste matrices following mentioned separation methods is presented.

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration Membrane Technology for Oily Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Zahraa N. Mahbouba ◽  
Abdulkhalik K. Mahmood ◽  
Musa H. Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
Oil And Grease

Abstract Oil and gas sectors generate large amounts of oily wastewater, which is called produced water. In which, it contains high concentrations of hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants. This paper attempts to evaluate the performance and quality of using a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane (UFM) to treat the produced water of Al-Ahdab oil field (Wassit, Iraq). 8 rectangular flat sheets of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane were used. The area of each is 60 cm2 and pore size about 15 nm used in the experimental work. Prepared UFM is characterized by determining the surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that the UFM indicated high removal efficiency in all parameters and especially oil and grease and total suspended solid but in general it still less than the requirement of water reuse. The results showed that, a combination of a conventional treatment method and UFM technology have higher efficiency than using UFM only.

Produced water treatment and reuse in oil and gas industry- Mathematical modelling and optimisation for infrastructure utilisation  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrah AlEdan ◽  
Tohid Erfani
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Clear Vision

<p>Currently, oil and gas industry dispose the produced water under the ground without treatment and with minimal consideration on the beneficial reuse applications. Yet, in recent years and in response to the worldwide water shortage concerns, produced water management and treatment has gained more attention and interest. Managing produced water is subject to different limitations specially if it is done for offsite applications. This includes the consideration of transportation cost and removal of dispersed and dissolved oil, metals, ammonia, salinity, alkalinity and ion toxicity for human and agricultural use which can result in a greater economic cost in terms of chemical usage and desalination operations. The importance of properly managing produced water is mainly rely on the clear vision of the treating method used which must be defined based on regulatory parameters and reuse standards. This study investigates mathematical modelling and optimisation to include the reuse specification into the produced water quality management and discusses its implication.</p>

An Experimental Research on Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Local Polymers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola Oyatobo ◽  
Amalachukwu Muoghalu ◽  
Chinaza Ikeokwu ◽  
Wilson Ekpotu
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Profile Control

Abstract Ineffective methods of increasing oil recovery have been one of the challenges, whose solutions are constantly sought after in the oil and gas industry as the number of under-produced reservoirs increases daily. Water injection is the most extended technology to increase oil recovery, although excessive water production can pose huge damage ranging from the loss of the well to an increase in cost and capital investment requirement of surface facilities to handle the produced water. To mitigate these challenges and encourage the utilization of local contents, locally produced polymers were used in polymer flooding as an Enhanced Oil Recovery approach to increase the viscosity of the injected fluids for better profile control and reduce cost when compared with foreign polymers as floppan. Hence this experimental research was geared towards increasing the efficiency of oil displacement in sandstone reservoirs using locally sourced polymers in Nigeria and also compared the various polymers for optimum efficiency. Starch, Ewedu, and Gum Arabic were used in flooding an already obtained core samples and comparative analysis of this shows that starch yielded the highest recovery due to higher viscosity value as compared to Ewedu with the lowest mobility ratio to Gum Arabic. Finally, the concentration of Starch or Gum Arabic should be increased for optimum recovery.

scholarly journals Innovative Optical-Sensing Technology for the Online Fouling Characterization of Silicon Carbide Membranes during the Treatment of Oily Water

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Ebrahimi ◽  
Axel A. Schmidt ◽  
Cagatay Kaplan ◽  
Oliver Schmitz ◽  
Peter Czermak
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Water Sensor

The oil and gas industry generates a large volume of contaminated water (produced water) which must be processed to recover oil before discharge. Here, we evaluated the performance and fouling behavior of commercial ceramic silicon carbide membranes in the treatment of oily wastewaters. In this context, microfiltration and ultrafiltration ceramic membranes were used for the separation of oil during the treatment of tank dewatering produced water and oily model solutions, respectively. We also tested a new online oil-in-water sensor (OMD-32) based on the principle of light scattering for the continuous measurement of oil concentrations in order to optimize the main filtration process parameters that determine membrane performance: the transmembrane pressure and cross-flow velocity. Using the OMD-32 sensor, the oil content of the feed, concentrate and permeate streams was measured continuously and fell within the range 0.0–200 parts per million (ppm) with a resolution of 1.0 ppm. The ceramic membranes achieved an oil-recovery efficiency of up to 98% with less than 1.0 ppm residual oil in the permeate stream, meeting environmental regulations for discharge in most areas.

scholarly journals Response of tomato plants to diesel fuel, gasoline and benzene

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Alvaro Morelos-Moreno ◽  
José Fernando Martel-Valles ◽  
América Berenice Morales-Díaz ◽  
Rahim Foroughbakhch-Pournavab ◽  
Isidro Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Morphological Variables

Oil and gas industry produces wastewater (produced water), which contains hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other components, such as mineral salts essential for plant nutrition. Hydrocarbons presence on produced water limits its potential use in the agriculture, as its lead to inhibition of plant growth. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrocarbons analogous contained in the produced water on 1) pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of irrigation leachate, 2) plant´s morphological variables, 3) mineral concentration, 4) fruit pH, EC and total dissolved solids (TDS), during flowering and fruiting stages in tomato grown into greenhouse conditions. As source of produced water were used diesel at concentrations of 20 and 25 mg L‑1, gasoline at 40, 50 and 60 mg L-1, and benzene at 75 mg L-1, applied in the substrate by means of a syringe. All plants treated with hydrocarbons reached the fruit setting and ripening stage at the 6-cluster. Depending on their type, concentration, and exposure time, hydrocarbons modif ied the pH and EC of the irrigation leachate, caused signif icant morphological changes with longer exposure time, and restricted the biomass production. Mineral concentration differed signif icantly among plant organs, affecting mainly the sodium uptake in stems and fruits. The variables of fruit quality, EC and TDS were favorably modif ied by most treatments.

scholarly journals Characterization and Treatment Technologies Applied for Produced Water in Qatar

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3573
Author(s):  
Hana D. Dawoud ◽  
Haleema Saleem ◽  
Nasser Abdullah Alnuaimi ◽  
Syed Javaid Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Oil Gas

Qatar is one of the major natural gas (NG) producing countries, which has the world’s third-largest NG reserves besides the largest supplier of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Since the produced water (PW) generated in the oil and gas industry is considered as the largest waste stream, cost-effective PW management becomes fundamentally essential. The oil/gas industries in Qatar produce large amounts of PW daily, hence the key challenges facing these industries reducing the volume of PW injected in disposal wells by a level of 50% for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the reservoir. Moreover, it is important to study the characteristics of PW to determine the appropriate method to treat it and then use it for various applications such as irrigation, or dispose of it without harming the environment. This review paper targets to highlight the generation of PW in Qatar, as well as discuss the characteristics of chemical, physical, and biological treatment techniques in detail. These processes and methods discussed are not only applied by Qatari companies, but also by other companies associated or in collaboration with those in Qatar. Finally, case studies from different companies in Qatar and the challenges of treating the PW are discussed. From the different studies analyzed, various techniques as well as sequencing of different techniques were noted to be employed for the effective treatment of PW.

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