Multicomponent Molten Salt Mixtures Based on Nitrate/Nitrite Anions

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Cordaro ◽  
Nicholas C. Rubin ◽  
Robert W. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Liquidus Temperature ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Liquidus Temperatures

Molten salts are a promising medium for thermal energy transfer and storage. They have a very low vapor pressure and most are unreactive in air. Over the past 3 decades, Sandia National Laboratories has investigated a variety of molten salt mixtures of alkali nitrates and, most recently, quaternary mixtures of sodium, calcium, lithium, and potassium nitrate salts. This effort led to the discovery of mixtures with liquidus temperatures below 100°C. We have now extended this work to the mixed nitrate/nitrite anion system and found compositions with liquidus temperatures below 80°C. In this paper, we present experimental results exploring the lithium, sodium, and potassium compositional space with a 1:1 molar mixture of nitrate/nitrite. From our work, we have identified a five-component system with a liquidus temperature near 70°C. Physical properties of these salts, such as viscosity and density, are reported as well as thermal stability in air. Such a molten salt mixture, with a low liquidus temperature, has the potential to make parabolic trough collectors economically competitive with traditional power generation schemes.

scholarly journals Investigation of energetic and exergetic performances of parabolic trough collector with using different heat transfer fluids

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01054 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mertkan Arslan ◽  
Hüseyin Günerhan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Parabolic Trough Collector ◽  
Working Fluids ◽  
Selective Coating ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids

In this study energetic and exergetic performances of parabolic trough collector is theoretically investigated by using 120 l/min synthetic ‘’Dowtherm A’’ oil , 1200 l/min Air at 100 bar (10 MPa) and 150 l/min molten salt which is mixture of 60 wt% sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and 40 wt% potassium nitrate (KNO3) which are widely used as heat transfer fluids. Fluids performance comparisons were performed with the LS-2 module, which is used with vacuum in annulus and Cermet as a selective coating. LS-2 module has 7.8 m receiver length and is 39 m2 aperture area. As a result, the maximum exergy efficiency of the molten salt, synthetic oil, Air to be 41.19% at 422 °C, 40.82% at 400 °C, 40.33% at 402 °C, respectively. The maximum exergy of air is higher than other working fluids up to 310 ° C but after about 310 ° C the exergy of the molten salt is higher than the others. The molten salt has the best energy efficiency at its operating temperatures (250 °C to 550 °C) than other working fluids.

The Thermoelectric Power of the Molten Systems (Ag+Li)NO3, (Ag+Na)NO3, and (Ag+K)NO3

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-755
Author(s):  
Cesare Sinistri
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Thermoelectric Power ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Silver Electrodes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zero Time ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

In a silver electrodes thermocell the thermoelectric power ε0 at zero time of the molten salt mixtures (Ag+Li)NO3 and (Ag+Na)NO3 at the mean temperature of 340 °C, and of (Ag+K)NO3 at the mean temperature of 360 °C has been measured.On the basis of these data the transport heats of lithium, sodium and potassium ions in their respective pure nitrates have been roughly evaluated. Moreover a thermodynamical ideal model for the molten salt mixtures in respect to the transport properties is suggested.

Thermophysical Property Measurement of Nitrate Salt Heat Transfer Fluids

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Siegel ◽  
Robert W. Bradshaw ◽  
Joseph B. Cordaro ◽  
Alan M. Kruizenga
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Thermophysical Property ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
System Level ◽  
Nitrate Salt ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Central Receiver ◽  
Salt Mixtures

Nitrate salts have been used for decades in the concentrating solar power industry as heat transfer fluids and thermal storage media. For most of this time these inorganic fluids have been restricted to use in central receiver platforms due to the useful working temperature range of the most widely researched formulation, a near eutectic mixture of sodium and potassium nitrate, which melts at 220°C and is stable in air to nearly 580°C. Recent research efforts have led to the development of nitrate salt mixtures that melt at lower temperatures and are suitable for use in parabolic trough systems. These mixtures include three or more components and generally have melting points in the range of 100°C, with stability in air up to 500°C. The design of parabolic trough systems that utilize molten salt heat transfer fluids is complicated by the fact that the properties of these fluids are considerably different from the organic heat transfer fluids that they may replace. In this paper we present measured thermophysical property data for several commercial and non-commercial molten salt mixtures that can be used in the system level design of parabolic trough and central receiver power plants. The data presented include heat capacity, density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, all as a function of temperature, along with melting point and thermal stability limits. Some properties, such as density, can be predicted by simple mixing rules. The dependence of viscosity was strongly influenced by the composition of the molten salts and, particularly, the proportion of calcium nitrate.

Recognition Pattern, Functional Mechanism and Application of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Sustainable Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (29) ◽  
pp. 3508-3521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Jia ◽  
Mijanur R. Rajib ◽  
Heng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Recognition Pattern ◽  
Functional Mechanism ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Further Development

Background: Application of chitin attracts much attention in the past decades as the second abundant polysaccharides in the world after cellulose. Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) and its deacetylated derivative chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) were shown great potentiality in agriculture by enhancing plant resistance to abiotic or biotic stresses, promoting plant growth and yield, improving fruits quality and storage, etc. Those applications have already served huge economic and social benefits for many years. However, the recognition mode and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS on plants have gradually revealed just in recent years. Objective: Recognition pattern and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS in plant together with application status of COS in agricultural production will be well described in this review. By which we wish to promote further development and application of CTOS and COS–related products in the field.

On the Electrochemical Thermodynamics of Minor Components in Molten Salt Mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 026502
Author(s):  
R. L. Fitzhugh ◽  
A. D. Clark ◽  
S. D. Nickerson ◽  
M. J. Memmott ◽  
J. N. Harb
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Electrochemical Thermodynamics
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