Dynamic Modeling of Rolling Element Bearings With Surface Contact Defects Using Bond Graphs

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Nakhaeinejad ◽  
Michael D. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Bond Graphs ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Localized Faults

Multibody dynamics of healthy and faulty rolling element bearings were modeled using vector bond graphs. A 33 degree of freedom (DOF) model was constructed for a bearing with nine balls and two rings (11 elements). The developed model can be extended to a rolling element bearing with n elements and (3×n) DOF in planar and (6×n) DOF in three dimensional motions. The model incorporates the gyroscopic and centrifugal effects, contact elastic deflections and forces, contact slip, contact separations, and localized faults. Dents and pits on inner race and outer race and balls were modeled through surface profile changes. Bearing load zones under various radial loads and clearances were simulated. The effects of type, size, and shape of faults on the vibration response in rolling element bearings and dynamics of contacts in the presence of localized faults were studied. Experiments with healthy and faulty bearings were conducted to validate the model. The proposed model clearly mimics healthy and faulty rolling element bearings.

New Feature Extraction Method for the Detection of Defects in Rolling Element Bearings

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xiang ◽  
Aijun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Intrinsic Mode Functions ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Envelope Spectrum ◽  
Detection Of Defects

This paper proposes a new method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and kurtosis criterion for the detection of defects in rolling element bearings. Some intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are presented to obtain symptom wave by EEMD. The different kurtosis of the intrinsic mode function is determined to select the envelope spectrum. The fault feature based on the IMF envelope spectrum whose kurtosis is the maximum is extracted, and fault patterns of roller bearings can be effectively differentiated. Practical examples of diagnosis for a rolling element bearing are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The verification results show that the bearing faults that typically occur in rolling element bearings, such as outer-race and inner-race, can be effectively identified by the proposed method.

A Stochastic Model for Simulation and Diagnostics of Rolling Element Bearings With Localized Faults

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antoni ◽  
R. B. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Envelope Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Excitation Force ◽  
Localized Faults

This paper addresses the stochastic modeling of the vibration signal produced by localized faults in rolling element bearings and its use for diagnostic purposes. The aim is essentially to provide a better understanding of the recognized “envelope analysis” technique as classically used in the diagnostics of rolling element bearings, and incidentally give theoretical proofs for the specific features of envelope spectra as obtained from experimental data. The proposed model may also prove useful for simulation purposes. First, the excitation force generated by a defect is modeled as a random point process and its spectral signature is derived analytically. Then its transmission through the bearing is investigated in detail in order to find the spectral characteristics of the resulting vibration signal. The analysis finally gives sound justification for “squared” envelope analysis and the type of spectral indicators that should be used with it.

Spalling Size Evaluation of Rolling Element Bearing Using Acoustic Emission

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Bo Ming ◽  
Zhao Ye Qin ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Fu Lei Chu
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Cepstrum Analysis ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Rolling Elements ◽  
Element Bearing ◽  
Envelope Spectrum ◽  
Size Evaluation

Spalling of the races or rolling elements is one of the most common faults in rolling element bearings. Exact estimation of the spall size is helpful to the life prediction for rolling element bearings. In this paper, the dual-impulsive phenomenon in the response of a spalled rolling element bearing is investigated experimentally, where the acoustic emission signals are utilized. A new method is proposed to estimate the spall size by extracting the envelope of harmonics of the ball passing frequency on the outer race from the squared envelope spectrum. Compared with the cepstrum analysis, the proposed procedure shows more powerful anti-noise ability in the fault size evaluation.

Multi-Objective Design Optimization of Rolling Element Bearings Using ABC, AIA and PSO Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-125
Author(s):  
Vimal Savsani
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Automotive Manufacturing ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Rolling Element

Rolling element bearings are widely used as important components in most of the mechanical engineering applications. These bearings find wide applications in automotive, manufacturing and aeronautical industries. The problem associated with rolling element bearings are that the design and selection are based on different operating conditions to reach their excellent performance, long life and high reliability. This leads to the requirement of optimal design of rolling element bearings. Optimization aspects of a rolling element bearing are presented in this paper considering three different objectives namely, dynamic capacity, static capacity and elastohydrodynamic minimum film thickness. The design parameters include mean diameter of rolling, ball diameter, number of balls, and inner and outer race groove curvature radii. Different constants associated with the constraints are given some ranges and are included as design variables. The optimization procedure is carried out using artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization technique, artificial immune algorithm (AIA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Both single and multi-objective optimization aspects are considered. The results of the considered techniques are compared with the previously published results. The considered techniques have given much better results in comparison to the previously tried approaches.

scholarly journals Development of an Indicator for the Assessment of Damage Level in Rolling Element Bearings Based on Blind Deconvolution Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Buzzoni ◽  
Elia Soave ◽  
Gianluca D’Elia ◽  
Emiliano Mucchi ◽  
Giorgio Dalpiaz
Keyword(s):  
Blind Deconvolution ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Vibration Signature ◽  
Localized Faults ◽  
Condition Indicator

The monitoring of rolling element bearings through vibration-based condition indicators plays a crucial role in the modern machinery. The kurtosis is a very efficient indicator being sensitive to impulsive components within the vibration signature that often are symptomatic of localized faults. In order to improve the diagnostic performance of the kurtosis, blind deconvolution algorithms can be exploited in order to detect bearing faults and, most importantly, their position. In this scenario, this paper focuses on the development of a novel condition indicator specifically designed for the damage assessment in rolling element bearings. The proposed indicator allows to track the bearing degradation process taking into account three different possible positions: outer race, inner race, and rolling element. This indicator fits real-time monitoring procedures allowing for the automatic detection and identification of the bearing fault. The validation of the proposed indicator has been carried out by means of both simulated signal and a run-to-failure experiment. The results highlight that the proposed indicator is able to detect more efficiently the fault occurrence and, most importantly, quicker than other established techniques.

Compound faults detection of the rolling element bearing based on the optimal complex Morlet wavelet filter

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (10) ◽  
pp. 1786-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Gu ◽  
Shaopu Yang ◽  
Yongqiang Liu ◽  
Feiyue Deng ◽  
Bin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Particle Filtering ◽  
Morlet Wavelet ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Wavelet Filter ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Complex Morlet Wavelet ◽  
Envelope Spectrum

Wavelet filter is widely used in extracting fault features embedded in the noisy vibration signal, especially the complex Morlet wavelet. In most occasions, the filter parameters are optimized adaptively with a suitable objective function. And then, with the Hilbert transform demodulation analysis, the single localized fault in rolling element bearings can be detected. To extend it for compound faults detection, a novel index deduced from the different intervals of the prominent bearing fault frequencies and subsequent harmonics in the envelope spectrum is proposed. By maximizing the ratio of correlated kurtosis to kurtosis of the envelope spectrum amplitudes of the filtered signal, the optimal complex Morlet wavelet filters corresponding to the different faults are designed by the particle filtering method, respectively. Two cases of real signals are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, which include one case of experiment signal with artificial outer race fault coupled with roller fault, as well as one case of engineering data with outer race fault coupled with inner race fault. Furthermore, some comparisons with a previous method are also conducted. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the method in compound faults diagnosis of the rolling element bearings.

Nonlinear Mechanics of Rolling Contacts With Surface Defects

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Nakhaeinejad ◽  
Jaewon Choi ◽  
Michael D. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Surface Defects ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Rolling Contacts ◽  
Rolling Element

Nonlinear behavior of force and displacements in rolling contacts with the presence of surface defects are studied. Model-based fault assessments in rolling element bearings and gears require detailed modeling and dynamics of faults. A detailed model of rolling element bearings with direct correspondence between parameters of the model and physical components is developed. The model incorporates dynamics of faults, nonlinear contacts, slips and surface separations. Mechanics of contacts with inner race faults (IRF), ball faults (BF), and outer race faults (ORF) are studied using the developed model. Contacts force, displacement and impulse signals are studied for different size and types of surface defects. It is shown that impulse signals contain useful information about the severity of surface defects in rolling element bearing. Results provide model-based diagnostics a deep knowledge of rolling contact mechanics with surface defects to be used for fault assessments.

The Analysis of Contact Stresses in Rolling Element Bearings

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Linear Algebraic Equations ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Contact Symmetry ◽  
Force Displacement

A numerical solution is presented which can be used to analyze the complete range of frictionless contact problems found in rolling element bearings. A three dimensional, linear elastic solution to the problem is developed by combining the Boussinesq force-displacement relationships for a half-space with a modified flexibility method. In this manner a stable system of linear algebraic equations in terms of the unknown surface pressures is formed, with no restrictions placed upon either contact symmetry or material connectivity. Several numerical examples of common but hitherto unsolved contact problems prevalent in rolling element bearing applications are also presented.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Rolling Bearing with Compound Fault on Raceway and Rolling Element

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Changfeng Yan ◽  
Yaofeng Liu ◽  
Pengfei Yan ◽  
Yubo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Vibration Response ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Element Bearing ◽  
Localized Faults

Rolling element bearing is a very important part of mechanical equipment and widely used in rotating machinery. Rolling element bearings could appear localized defects during the working condition, which would cause the complex vibration response of bearings. Considering the shaft and bearing pedestal, a 4 degree-of-freedom (DOF) dynamic model of rolling bearing with compound localized fault is established based on time-varying displacement, and the vibration characteristics of rolling bearing with localized faults under different conditions are investigated. The established model is verified by the experimental vibration signals in time domain and frequency domain. The results show that the vibration response of compound fault is the result of the coupling action of a single fault of rolling element and outer race. The influences of compound fault on the vibration signals of the bearing were analyzed under three conditions. With the increasing of radial load, defect size, and rotation speed, the vibration amplitude of bearing would increase correspondently, which would accelerate the failure rate of bearing and reduce the service life of bearing. This model is helpful to analyze the vibration response of the rolling element bearing with single or compound fault.

Application of Degree of Cyclostationarity in Rolling Element Bearing Diagnosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 293-294 ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Bi ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Fuchang Zhou ◽  
Gui Cai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Spectral Correlation ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Cyclic Frequency ◽  
Bearing Condition Monitoring ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Rolling Elements ◽  
Element Bearing

Minor and random slip between rolling elements and races in rolling element bearings makes vibration signals have periodically time-varying ensemble statistics, which is known as cyclostationarity. Two second-order cyclostationary methods, the spectral correlation density (SCD) and the degree of cyclostationarity (DCS), are talked about in this paper based on a statistical model of rolling element bearings. The SCD provides redundant information in bi-frequency plane and cyclic frequency domain embodies the majority of it, which is a series of non-zero discrete cyclic frequencies completely reflecting the fault characters of rolling element bearings. The DCS has virtues of less computation and clearer representation, at the same time keeps the same characters with SCD in cyclic frequency domain. And the DCS is also proved to be resistant to the additive and multiplicative stationary noise. Simulation and experiential results from three rolling element bearing faults: outer race defect, inner race defect and rolling element defect, indicate practicability of the DCS analysis in rolling element bearing condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.

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