An Experimental Investigation of Low-Octane Gasoline in Diesel Engines

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Ciatti ◽  
Swami Nathan Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Conventional Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Power Densities

Conventional combustion techniques struggle to meet the current emissions norms. In particular, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions have limited the utilization of diesel fuel in compression ignition engines. Advance combustion concepts have proved the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emission performance. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) offers reduced NOx and PM emissions with comparable modern diesel engine efficiencies. The ability of premixed, low-temperature compression ignition to deliver low PM and NOx emissions is dependent on achieving optimal combustion phasing. Diesel operated LTC is limited by early knocking combustion, whereas conventional gasoline operated LTC is limited by misfiring. So the concept of using an unconventional fuel with the properties in between those two boundary fuels has been experimented in this paper. Low-octane (84 RON) gasoline has shown comparable diesel efficiencies with the lowest NOx emissions at reasonable high power densities (NOx emission was 1 g/kW h at 12 bar BMEP and 2750 rpm).

An Experimental Investigation of Low Octane Gasoline in Diesel Engines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Ciatti ◽  
Swami Nathan Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Conventional Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Power Densities

Conventional combustion techniques struggle to meet the current emissions norms. In particular, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions have limited the utilization of diesel fuel in compression ignition engines. Advance combustion concepts have proved the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emissions performance. Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) offers reduced NOx and PM emissions with comparable modern diesel engine efficiencies. The ability of premixed, low-temperature compression ignition to deliver low PM and NOx emissions is dependent on achieving optimal combustion phasing. Diesel operated LTC is limited by early knocking combustion whereas conventional gasoline operated LTC is limited by misfiring. So the concept of using an unconventional fuel with the properties in between those two boundary fuels has been experimented in this paper. Low octane (84 RON) gasoline has shown comparable diesel efficiencies with lowest NOx emissions at reasonable high power densities (NOx emission were 1 g/kW-hr at 12 bar BMEP and 2750 rpm).

Low Cetane Fuels in Compression Ignition Engine to Achieve LTC

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swami Nathan Subramanian ◽  
Stephen Ciatti
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Conventional Combustion

The conventional combustion processes of Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) have their respective merits and demerits. Internal combustion engines use certain fuels to utilize those conventional combustion technologies. High octane fuels are required to operate the engine in SI mode, while high cetane fuels are preferable for CI mode of operation. Those conventional combustion techniques struggle to meet the current emissions norms while retaining high efficiency. In particular, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions have limited the utilization of diesel fuel in compression ignition engines, and conventional gasoline operated SI engines are not fuel efficient. Advanced combustion concepts have shown the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emissions performance. Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) offers reduced NOx and PM emissions with comparable modern diesel engine efficiencies. The ability of premixed, low-temperature compression ignition to deliver low PM and NOx emissions is dependent on achieving optimal combustion phasing. Variations in injection pressures, injection schemes and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) are studied with low octane gasoline LTC. Reductions in emissions are a function of combustion phasing and local equivalence ratio. Engine speed, load, EGR quantity, compression ratio and fuel octane number are all factors that influence combustion phasing. Low cetane fuels have shown comparable diesel efficiencies with low NOx emissions at reasonably high power densities.

Performance of multi-dimensional models for simulating diesel premixed charge compression ignition engine combustion using low- and high-pressure injectors

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-C Kong ◽  
Y Ra ◽  
R D Reitz
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Detailed Chemistry ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Hsdi Diesel Engine

An engine CFD model has been developed to simulate premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion using detailed chemistry. The numerical model is based on the KIVA code that is modified to use CHEMKIN as the chemistry solver. The model was applied to simulate ignition, combustion, and emissions processes in diesel engines operated to achieve PCCI conditions. Diesel PCCI experiments using both low- and high-pressure injectors were simulated. For the low-pressure injector with early injection (close to intake valve closure), the model shows that wall wetting can be minimized by using a pressure-swirl atomizer with a variable spray angle. In the case of using a high-pressure injector, it is found that late injection (SOI = 5 ° ATDC) benefits soot emissions as a result of low-temperature combustion at highly premixed conditions. The model was also used to validate the emission reduction potential of an HSDI diesel engine using a double injection strategy that favours PCCI conditions. It is concluded that the present model is useful to assess future engine combustion concepts, such as PCCI and low-temperature combustion (LTC).

A Comprehensive Review on Low-Temperature Combustion Technologies for Emission Reduction in Diesel Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Jhalani ◽  
Dilip Sharma ◽  
Pushpendra Kumar Sharma ◽  
Digambar Singh ◽  
Sumit Jhalani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Ci Engines

Diesel engines are lean burn engines; hence CO and HC emissions in the exhaust are less likely to occur in substantial amounts. The emissions of serious concern in compression ignition engines are particulate matter and nitrogen oxides because of elevated temperature conditions of combustion. Hence the researchers have strived continuously to lower down the temperature of combustion in order to bring down the emissions from CI engines. This has been tried through premixed charge compression ignition, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), gasoline compression ignition and reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI). In this study, an attempt has been made to critically review the literature on low-temperature combustion conditions using various conventional and alternative fuels. The problems and challenges augmented with the strategies have also been described. Water-in-diesel emulsion technology has been discussed in detail. Most of the authors agree over the positive outcomes of water-diesel emulsion for both performance and emissions simultaneously.

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