Production of Biodiesel From Used Mustard Oil and Its Performance Analysis in Internal Combustion Engine

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljinder Singh ◽  
Jagdeep Kaur ◽  
Kashmir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Crude Oil Prices

Decline in fossil fuel resources along with high crude oil prices generated attention toward the development of fuel from alternate sources. Such fuel should be economically attractive and performance competent in order to replace the fossil fuel. Mustard oil from Indian mustard, Brassica campestris, is commonly used for cooking in Indian households and restaurants. Cooking produces spent mustard oil waste, which is generally drained as garbage. We explored the possibility of using such spent mustard oil for making biodiesel. Transesterification of spent oil was carried out using methanol and sulfuric acid (95%) as catalysts followed by bubble washing. Clear biodiesel was obtained from esterified oil after five bubble washings. Methyl ester formations were calculated by measuring its density at 15°C and viscosity at 40°C and were found to be 89 g/cm3 and 4.83 mm2/s, respectively. Studies on engine performance were conducted using a Prony brake internal combustion (IC) diesel engine using various blending ratios of biodiesel with commercial diesel. The fuel blends were evaluated for parameters such as speed of engine, fuel consumption, and torque against pure diesel. Brake power, specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency were also measured. The results indicate that dual fuel with a blend of 8% biodiesel yielded good efficiency in the IC-diesel engines without the need for making any modifications in the engine.

A One-Dimensional Investigation of the Effect of an Active Control Turbocharger on Internal Combustion Engine Performance

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apostolos Pesiridis ◽  
Benjamin Dubois ◽  
Ricardo F. Martinez-Botas
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
The Impact

The present paper discusses the impact of a new type of turbocharger, namely, the Active Control Turbocharger (ACT). The aim of this work was to prove the advantage of this type of turbocharger over the current state-of-the-art: the Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT). This was achieved by carrying out a comparison between two commercial Diesel engine models (through the use of a commercial engine simulation software), which belong to the same family: one 10 litre engine equipped with VGT (originally) was consecutively compared to the same model of engine modified for ACT operation and through the integration of the ACT into the 81 version of the same engine in order to demonstrate the ACT’s downsizing capability. The study has been carried out for speeds between 800 and 2000 rpm, and a fuel-air ratio range of between 0.017 and 0.057. The results showed that the actuation of the turbine in ACT mode (through the sinusoidal regulation of the turbine inlet area with each incoming exhaust gas pressure pulse) increases greatly the energy available at the turbine inlet. This leads to an increase of the boost pressure at the intake of the engine by an average 30%. The specific fuel consumption was found to be similar throughout engine operating range with a penalty of up to 10% for the ACT engine of the same size (10 litre). A comparison was then carried out between the 10 litre VGT engine and the 8 litre ACT engine. The 8 litre has been found to produce up to 37% more torque and horse power under 1400 rpm and obtained very similar performance to the 10 litre VGT engine at higher speeds. At constant power output between the 8 and 10 litre engines, it has been found that the fuel consumption was decreased by a maximum of 9% when using the 8 litre engine. The results of the present study were encouraging with respect to the potential of ACT to downsize the internal combustion engine.

scholarly journals Unambiguous Identification of Key Molecular Species in Deposits Responsible for Increased Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max K. Edney ◽  
Joseph S. Lamb ◽  
Matteo Spanu ◽  
Emily F. Smith ◽  
Elisabeth Steer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Fuel

<p>Clean and efficient internal combustion engine performance will play a significant role in the move to a decarbonized energy system. Currently, fuel deposit formation on engine components negatively impacts CO2 and pollutant emissions, where previous attempts at deposit characterization afforded non-diagnostic chemical assignments. Here, we uncover the identity and 3D spatial distribution of molecular species from gasoline, diesel injector and filter deposits with the 3D OrbiSIMS technique. Alkylbenzyl sulfonates, derived from lubricant oil contamination in the engine fuel cycle, were common to samples, we evidence transformation of the native sulfonate to longer chain species by reaction with fuel fragments in the gasoline deposit. Inorganic salts, identified in both diesel deposits, were prevalent throughout the injector deposits depth. We identified common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons up to C66H20, these were prevalent in the gasoline deposits lower depths. This work will enable deposit mitigation by unravelling their chemical composition, spatial distribution, and origins.</p>

Performance and Emissions Characteristics Investigation of a Bi-Fuel SI Engine Fuelled by CNG and Gasoline

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abazar Shamekhi ◽  
Nima Khatibzadeh ◽  
Amir H. Shamekhi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Sources

Nowadays, increased attention has been focused on internal combustion engine fuels. Regarding environmental effects of internal combustion engines particularly as pollutant sources and depletion of fossil fuel resources, compressed natural gas (CNG) has been introduced as an effective alternative to gasoline and diesel fuel in many applications. A high research octane number allows combustion at higher compression ratios without knocking and good emission characteristics of HC and CO are major benefits of CNG as an engine fuel. In this paper, CNG as an alternative fuel in a spark ignition engine has been considered. Engine performance and exhaust emissions have been experimentally studied for CNG and gasoline in a wide range of the engine operating conditions.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Gasoline Evaporation Transducer - Reduction of Internal Combustion Engine Fuel Consumption using Axiomatic Design

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bergþór Lár Jónsson ◽  
Garðar Örn Garðarsson ◽  
Óskar Pétursson ◽  
Sigurður Bjarki Hlynsson ◽  
Joseph Timothy Foley
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Gasoline Evaporation

scholarly journals Unambiguous Identification of Key Molecular Species in Deposits Responsible for Increased Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max K. Edney ◽  
Joseph S. Lamb ◽  
Matteo Spanu ◽  
Emily F. Smith ◽  
Elisabeth Steer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Fuel

<p>Clean and efficient internal combustion engine performance will play a significant role in the move to a decarbonized energy system. Currently, fuel deposit formation on engine components negatively impacts CO2 and pollutant emissions, where previous attempts at deposit characterization afforded non-diagnostic chemical assignments. Here, we uncover the identity and 3D spatial distribution of molecular species from gasoline, diesel injector and filter deposits with the 3D OrbiSIMS technique. Alkylbenzyl sulfonates, derived from lubricant oil contamination in the engine fuel cycle, were common to samples, we evidence transformation of the native sulfonate to longer chain species by reaction with fuel fragments in the gasoline deposit. Inorganic salts, identified in both diesel deposits, were prevalent throughout the injector deposits depth. We identified common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons up to C66H20, these were prevalent in the gasoline deposits lower depths. This work will enable deposit mitigation by unravelling their chemical composition, spatial distribution, and origins.</p>

scholarly journals Laminar Burning Velocity of Biogas-Containing Mixtures. A Literature Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Venera Giurcan ◽  
Codina Movileanu ◽  
Adina Magdalena Musuc ◽  
Maria Mitu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Burning Velocity ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Laminar Burning Velocity ◽  
Waste Products

Currently, the use of fossil fuels is very high and existing nature reserves are rapidly depleted. Therefore, researchers are turning their attention to find renewable fuels that have a low impact on the environment, to replace these fossil fuels. Biogas is a low-cost alternative, sustainable, renewable fuel existing worldwide. It can be produced by decomposition of vegetation or waste products of human and animal biological activity. This process is performed by microorganisms (such as methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria) by anaerobic digestion. Biogas can serve as a basis for heat and electricity production used for domestic heating and cooking. It can be also used to feed internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel cells, or cogeneration systems. In this paper, a comprehensive literature study regarding the laminar burning velocity of biogas-containing mixtures is presented. This study aims to characterize the use of biogas as IC (internal combustion) engine fuel, and to develop efficient safety recommendations and to predict and reduce the risk of fires and accidental explosions caused by biogas.

The WLTC vs NEDC: A Case Study on the Impacts of Driving Cycle on Engine Performance and Fuel Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 9071-9081
Author(s):  
Jakub Lasocki
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

The World-wide harmonised Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC) was developed internationally for the determination of pollutant emission and fuel consumption from combustion engines of light-duty vehicles. It replaced the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) used in the European Union (EU) for type-approval testing purposes. This paper presents an extensive comparison of the WLTC and NEDC. The main specifications of both driving cycles are provided, and their advantages and limitations are analysed. The WLTC, compared to the NEDC, is more dynamic, covers a broader spectrum of engine working states and is more realistic in simulating typical real-world driving conditions. The expected impact of the WLTC on vehicle engine performance characteristics is discussed. It is further illustrated by a case study on two light-duty vehicles tested in the WLTC and NEDC. Findings from the investigation demonstrated that the driving cycle has a strong impact on the performance characteristics of the vehicle combustion engine. For the vehicles tested, the average engine speed, engine torque and fuel flow rate measured over the WLTC are higher than those measured over the NEDC. The opposite trend is observed in terms of fuel economy (expressed in l/100 km); the first vehicle achieved a 9% reduction, while the second – a 3% increase when switching from NEDC to WLTC. Several factors potentially contributing to this discrepancy have been pointed out. The implementation of the WLTC in the EU will force vehicle manufacturers to optimise engine control strategy according to the operating range of the new driving cycle.

Ethers and esters as alternative fuels for internal combustion engine: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110464
Author(s):  
Yang Hua
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Ic Engine

Ether and ester fuels can work in the existing internal combustion (IC) engine with some important advantages. This work comprehensively reviews and summarizes the literatures on ether fuels represented by DME, DEE, DBE, DGM, and DMM, and ester fuels represented by DMC and biodiesel from three aspects of properties, production and engine application, so as to prove their feasibility and prospects as alternative fuels for compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) engines. These studies cover the effects of ether and ester fuels applied in the form of single fuel, mixed fuel, dual-fuel, and multi-fuel on engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. The evaluation indexes mainly include torque, power, BTE, BSFC, ignition delay, heat release rate, pressure rise rate, combustion duration, exhaust gas temperature, CO, HC, NOx, PM, and smoke. The results show that ethers and esters have varying degrees of impact on engine performance, combustion and emissions. They can basically improve the thermal efficiency of the engine and reduce particulate emissions, but their effects on power, fuel consumption, combustion process, and CO, HC, and NOx emissions are uncertain, which is due to the coupling of operating conditions, fuel molecular structure, in-cylinder environment and application methods. By changing the injection strategy, adjusting the EGR rate, adopting a new combustion mode, adding improvers or synergizing multiple fuels, adverse effects can be avoided and the benefits of oxygenated fuel can be maximized. Finally, some challenges faced by alternative fuels and future research directions are analyzed.

Computationally Efficient Simulation of Multi-Component Fuel Combustion Using a Sparse Analytical Jacobian Chemistry Solver and High-Dimensional Clustering

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Perini ◽  
Anand Krishnasamy ◽  
Youngchul Ra ◽  
Rolf D. Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Fuel Surrogates

The need for more efficient and environmentally sustainable internal combustion engines is driving research towards the need to consider more realistic models for both fuel physics and chemistry. As far as compression ignition engines are concerned, phenomenological or lumped fuel models are unreliable to capture spray and combustion strategies outside of their validation domains — typically, high-pressure injection and high-temperature combustion. Furthermore, the development of variable-reactivity combustion strategies also creates the need to model comprehensively different hydrocarbon families even in single fuel surrogates. From the computational point of view, challenges to achieving practical simulation times arise from the dimensions of the reaction mechanism, that can be of hundreds species even if hydrocarbon families are lumped into representative compounds, and thus modeled with non-elementary, skeletal reaction pathways. In this case, it is also impossible to pursue further mechanism reductions to lower dimensions. CPU times for integrating chemical kinetics in internal combustion engine simulations ultimately scale with the number of cells in the grid, and with the cube number of species in the reaction mechanism. In the present work, two approaches to reduce the demands of engine simulations with detailed chemistry are presented. The first one addresses the demands due to the solution of the chemistry ODE system, and features the adoption of SpeedCHEM, a newly developed chemistry package that solves chemical kinetics using sparse analytical Jacobians. The second one aims to reduce the number of chemistry calculations by binning the CFD cells of the engine grid into a subset of clusters, where chemistry is solved and then mapped back to the original domain. In particular, a high-dimensional representation of the chemical state space is adopted for keeping track of the different fuel components, and a newly developed bounding-box-constrained k-means algorithm is used to subdivide the cells into reactively homogeneous clusters. The approaches have been tested on a number of simulations featuring multi-component diesel fuel surrogates, and different engine grids. The results show that significant CPU time reductions, of about one order of magnitude, can be achieved without loss of accuracy in both engine performance and emissions predictions, prompting for their applicability to more refined or full-sized engine grids.

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