An Experimental Study on Cutting Forces in the Threading and the Side Cut Turning With Coated and Uncoated Grades

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firat Kafkas
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

The objective of this study is to obtain the cutting force components on the threading insert. The cutting force data used in the analysis are measured by a three-dimensional dynamic force dynamometer. The AISI 4140 and AISI 4340 low alloy steels are selected for the experiment on the threading and the side cut turning. The inserts used for testing is the TiAlN coated and uncoated grades. LT22NR35ISO type insert is used in the experiment. During the experiments, no cutting fluid and a constant spindle speed is used. The thread pitch and the depth of cut were kept fixed at 3.5 mm and 0.05 mm for the radial feed per pass, respectively. The study emphasizes on the effects on the workpiece material and the cutting tool grade of the cutting force components that occur during the threading. Also, these results are compared with the findings that are obtained during the side cut turning. It is determined that the measured primary cutting and radial forces during the threading are approximately three times bigger than those during the side cut turning, although feed forces during the threading are approximately 30 times lower compared with the side cut turning. The TiAlN coated WC/Co grade shows the best performance with respect to the cutting force components. The specific cutting forces are determined in order to understand the interference of chips that occur during the threading. With the increase in the cumulative radial feed, the corresponding specific cutting forces become higher. It is reasoned that the difference in the specific cutting forces results from the alteration of the interference of the flowing chips. The specific cutting forces decrease in the beginning of the threading and then increases with the cumulative radial feed. The results show that the interference of the chip flow influences the threading force components to a very large extent.

Effects of AlCl3 Additive on Cutting Forces and Diamond Wear Rate While Cutting Granite With a Single Diamond

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
F. C. Appl ◽  
B. N. Rao ◽  
B. H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Diamond Cutting ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Diamond Cutting Tool

The effects of surfactant solution aluminum chloride on cutting granite rock with a diamond were investigated experimentally. Tests were conducted by cutting on the cylindrical surface of a granite cylinder in a lathe with a single spherically shaped diamond cutting tool. The cutting fluid consisted of various concentrations of aluminum chloride in deionized distilled water. The cutting force components were determined by means of a tool post dynamometer and were recorded continuously during the tests. Diamond wear was determined by periodically photographing the wear flat through an optical miscroscope. Results indicate that cutting forces and diamond wear rate are influenced by the additive. The normal cutting force is maximum at a concentration of 7 × 10−6 molar, and the tangential cutting force is maximum at 3 × 10−6 while the diamond wear rate is minimum at 3 × 10−6 molar. It is also found that there is an effect of concentration on relative tool life for constant depth cutting, but that maximum life occurs at higher levels of concentration.

Ratio of Cutting Force Components in Turning

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Oleg Ryabov ◽  
Seisuke Kano ◽  
Hiroyuki Sawada ◽  
Jonny Herwan
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Vibration Sensors ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

Turning of cast iron and steel is monitored with the help of three-dimensional force and vibration sensors. It is shown the ratios of force components have the similar trends despite of material characteristics. Moreover, the normalized values of dynamic force components (variation of force signals) are the same in a wide variation of cutting condition. These results are discussed and confirmed by a mechanical model of work-tool interaction during the cutting process.

scholarly journals Comparative Characteristics of Ductile Iron and Austempered Ductile Iron Modeled by Neural Network

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borislav Savkovic ◽  
Pavel Kovac ◽  
Branislav Dudic ◽  
Michal Gregus ◽  
Dragan Rodic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Force Components

Experimental research of cutting force components during dry face milling operations are presented in the paper. The study was provided when milling of ductile cast iron alloyed with copper and its austempered ductile iron after the proper austempering process. In the study, virtual instrumentation designed for cutting forces components monitoring was used. During the research, orthogonal cutting forces components versus time were monitored and relationship of cutting forces components versus speed, feed and depth of cut were determined by artificial neural network and response surface methodology. An analysis was made regarding the consistency of the measured cutting forces and the values obtained from the model supported by an artificial neural network for the investigated interval of the cutting regime. Based on the results, an analysis of the feasibility of the application of austempered ductile iron in the industrial sector with the aspect of machinability as well as the application of the models based on artificial intelligence, was given. At the end of the presentation, the influence of the aforementioned cutting regimes on cutting force components is presented as well.

Numerical Model for Prediction of Cutting Forces in a Vibratory Drilling Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawel Glaa ◽  
Kamel Mehdi ◽  
Moez Ben Jaber
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Forced Vibrations ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

The drilling operation is considered by manufacturers as complex and difficult process (rapid wear of the cutting edge as well as problems of chip evacuation). Faced with these failures, manufacturers have shifted in recent years towards the drilling process assisted by forced vibrations. This method consist to add an axial oscillation with a low frequency to the classical feed movement of the drill so as to ensure good fragmentation and better chip evacuation. This paper presents a model for prediction of cutting forces during a drilling operation assisted by forced low-frequency vibration. The model allows understanding the interaction between the tool and the workpiece and identifying numerically the three-dimensional evolution of the cutting force components generated by the vibratory drilling operation. The effects of cutting parameters, tool parameters and those of forced vibrations on the cutting forces distributions will be discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of the Relative Position of the Face Milling Tool towards the Workpiece on Machined Surface Roughness and Milling Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danil Pimenov ◽  
Amauri Hassui ◽  
Szymon Wojciechowski ◽  
Mozammel Mia ◽  
Aristides Magri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Face Milling ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Face Mill ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

In face milling one of the most important parameters of the process quality is the roughness of the machined surface. In many articles, the influence of cutting regimes on the roughness and cutting forces of face milling is considered. However, during flat face milling with the milling width B lower than the cutter’s diameter D, the influence of such an important parameter as the relative position of the face mill towards the workpiece and the milling kinematics (Up or Down milling) on the cutting force components and the roughness of the machined surface has not been sufficiently studied. At the same time, the values of the cutting force components can vary significantly depending on the relative position of the face mill towards the workpiece, and thus have a different effect on the power expended on the milling process. Having studied this influence, it is possible to formulate useful recommendations for a technologist who creates a technological process using face milling operations. It is possible to choose such a relative position of the face mill and workpiece that will provide the smallest value of the surface roughness obtained by face milling. This paper shows the influence of the relative position of the face mill towards the workpiece and milling kinematics on the components of the cutting forces, the acceleration of the machine spindle in the process of face milling (considering the rotation of the mill for a full revolution), and on the surface roughness obtained by face milling. Practical recommendations on the assignment of the relative position of the face mill towards the workpiece and the milling kinematics are given.

Correlation between Cutting Forces and Tool Wear in High Speed Milling of Graphite

2009 ◽  
Vol 69-70 ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Cheng Yong Wang ◽  
Xiao Jun Wang ◽  
Zhe Qin
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
High Speed Milling ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Abrasive Friction ◽  
Force Components

Cutting tools suffer severe abrasive friction and wear in high speed milling of graphite. Cutting forces were measured and analyzed using time-frequency analysis method to reveal the correlation between cutting force variations and tool wear evolution. The static and dynamic force components increased prominently with tool wear. The cutting force Fy was found the most sensitive to the tool wear evolution. The waveform of cutting force became periodic and irregular with the increase of tool wear. Good correlation was found between the first force harmonic and tool wear.

scholarly journals Cutting Forces Prediction in the Dry Slotting of Aluminium Stacks

2014 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Jorge Salguero ◽  
Madalina Calamaz ◽  
Moisés Batista ◽  
Franck Girot ◽  
Mariano Marcos Bárcena
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
The Individual

Cutting forces are one of the inherent phenomena and a very significant indicator of the metal cutting process. The work presented in this paper is an investigation of the prediction of these parameters in slotting processes of UNS A92024-T3 (Al-Cu) stacks. So, cutting speed (V) and feed per tooth (fz) based parametric models, for experimental components of cutting force, F(fz,V) have been proposed. These models have been developed from the individual models extracted from the marginal adjustment of the cutting force components to each one of the input variables: F(fz) and F(V).

Determination of Cutting Forces in Oblique Cutting

2015 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Filippov ◽  
E.O. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Turning Operations ◽  
Error Check ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

This study describes the method of determining cutting force components in oblique turning. The scheme of how the investigations were performed is presented. The characteristic curves of cutting force components vs. thickness of the material removed, tool clearance and tool rake angles are shown. The study presents the data, which have been obtained during the experimental investigations and analytically calculated, on how the cutting forces are subject to changes depending on a cutter angle, cutting depth and feed in oblique turning operations. The analysis of approximation of the experimental results and error check of the theoretical calculations relative to the experimental data are given.

scholarly journals Cutting Forces in Milling of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Sorrentino ◽  
Sandro Turchetta
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

The machining of fibre reinforced composites is an important activity for optimal application of these advanced materials into engineering fields. During machining any excessive cutting forces have to be avoided in order to prevent any waste product in the last stages of production cycle. Therefore, the ability to predict the cutting forces is essential to select process parameters necessary for an optimal machining. In this paper the effect of cutting conditions during milling machining on cutting force and surface roughness has been investigated. In particular the cutting force components have been analysed in function of the principal process parameters and of the contact angle. This work proposes experimental models for the determination of cutting force components for CFRP milling.

Chatter in Horizontal Milling

1964 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 877-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Dynamic Cutting Force ◽  
Machine Structure ◽  
Force Characteristics ◽  
Qualitative Changes

An analytical and experimental investigation into the chatter behaviour of a horizontal milling machine is described in this paper. The experimental results were used to check the basic assumptions involved in the analysis. The machine structure and the cutting force characteristics of the workpiece material were initially tested separately. The vibration behaviour during machining was then investigated for a range of machining conditions. These included different values of cutter speed, workpiece width, depth of cut and number of cutter teeth, different directions of cutter rotation, and plain and climb milling. The results are presented in the form of stability charts, describing conditions when chatter was present or absent. Chatter was found to be of the regenerative type, occurring in bands of cutter speed. For all conditions tested, the machining stability defined by the envelope of the chatter bands improved as cutting speed was reduced. The dependence of the chatter bands on cutter speed, the chatter frequency, and the qualitative changes in the chatter-free machining capacity were predicted successfully at all but low speeds. Quantitatively, the chatter-free machining capacity was predicted to be slightly less than half that found by experiment. The conventional assumptions for dynamic cutting force characteristics were shown to be in error. More accurate assumptions based on recent fundamental work only partly explained experimental observations, indicating that an additional, and as yet unstudied, dynamic force component exists.

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