The 900,000-Kw Turbine-Generator for Bull Run Station of TVA

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Carl Schabtach
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Single Flow ◽  
Principal Design

The general arrangement and principal design features of a 900,000-kw turbine-generator are described and illustrated. Initial steam conditions are 3500-psi 1000 F with reheat to 1000 F. The unit is cross compound with single-flow, high-pressure and double-flow, low-pressure sections with 43-in. last-stage buckets at 1800 rpm and side exhaust to the condensers. The generators, each with a maximum capacity of 527,778 kva, employ water cooling of the armature bars; the 3600-rpm field employs the gap pickup system of conductor cooling and the 1800-rpm field is conventionally cooled with hydrogen.

Paper 5: Glandless Boiler Circulating Pumps

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (11) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
R. Weldon ◽  
R. Kellett
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Principal Design

This paper gives an outline of the design and development of the 750-b.h.p. prototype glandless boiler circulating pump to be commissioned at Kingsnorth Power Station. Suction conditions of 2650 lb/in2 (gauge) and 650°F demanded special techniques for the maintenance of safe motor winding temperature levels under all types of operation. Constructional details of the high-pressure casings and the rotor system, employing water-lubricated bearings, are discussed, together with those of the auxiliary cooling system. Comprehensive prototype tests were carried out to prove the principal design features. Particulars of the test rigs used and the results obtained from them are given.

Design of 321-Mw Cross-Compound Steam Turbine—River Rouge Unit No. 3

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
C. D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
Generator Unit

This paper discusses the design features and general arrangement of a 321-mw close-coupled cross-compound 3600/1800-rpm steam turbine-generator unit. The machine is designed for operation with subcritical pressures and with steam temperatures that permit using ferritic materials. It was the first machine to be ordered in the 300-mw size range and is installed in the River Rouge Station of The Detroit Edison Company.

Design of 1000-MW Steam Turbine-Generator Unit for Ravenswood No 3

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
J. M. Driscoll ◽  
C. D. Wilson ◽  
L. T. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Design Features ◽  
World Record ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Generator Unit ◽  
Steam Cycle

Consolidated Edison’s 1000-mw steam turbine-generator unit for Ravenswood No. 3 will operate on a 2400-psig, 1000/1000 F steam cycle. Arrangement is close-coupled 3600/1800-rpm, cross compound, with all five turbines double flow. Both generators are of fully supercharged, hydrogen-cooled design. At each end of the 3600-rpm shaft are direct-driven half-size boiler-feed pumps while the big units two gear-driven exciters are in tandem at the generator end of the 1800-rpm shaft. The three double-flow, low-pressure turbines use 40-in. exhaust spindle blades. This world-record unit incorporates design features to assure fast starting and loading, high reliability, and efficient performance.

Last-Stage Blade Failure Evaluation

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzislaw Mazur ◽  
Rafael Garci´a-Illescas ◽  
Jorge Aguirre-Romano ◽  
Norberto Pe´rez-Rodri´guez
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Blade Failure ◽  
Lp Turbine ◽  
Failure Evaluation

A last stage turbine blades failure was experienced in two units of 660 MW. These units have one high-pressure turbine and two tandem-compound low-pressure turbines with 44-inch last-stage blades. The blades that failed were in a low pressure (LP) turbine connected to the high pressure (HP) turbine (LP1) and in LP turbine connected to the generator (LP2). The failed blades had cracks in their roots initiating at the trailing edge, concave side of the steeple outermost fillet radius. Laboratory evaluation of the cracking indicates the failure mechanism to be high cycle fatigue (HCF). The last-stage blades failure evaluation was carried out. The investigation included a metallographic analysis of the cracked blades, natural frequency test and analysis, blade stress analysis, unit’s operation parameters and history of events analysis, fracture mechanics and crack propagation analysis. This paper provides an overview of this failure investigation, which led to the identification of the blades torsional vibrations near 120 Hz and some operation periods with low load low vacuum as the primary contribution to the observed failure.

Fouling Is the Beginning: Upcycling Biopolymer-Fouled Substrates for Fabricating High-Permeance Thin-Film Composite Polyamide Membranes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruobin Dai ◽  
Hongyi Han ◽  
Tianlin Wang ◽  
Jiayi Li ◽  
Chuyang Y. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Membrane Recycling ◽  
Film Composite ◽  
Thin Film Composite ◽  
First Time

Commercial polymeric membranes are generally recognized to have low sustainability as membranes need to be replaced and abandoned after reaching the end of their life. At present, only techniques for downcycling end-of-life high-pressure membranes are available. For the first time, this study paves the way for upcycling fouled/end-of-life low-pressure membranes to fabricate new high-pressure membranes for water purification, forming a closed eco-loop of membrane recycling with significantly improved sustainability.

scholarly journals High-Pressure Spectroscopy Study of Zn(IO3)2 Using Far-Infrared Synchrotron Radiation

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Akun Liang ◽  
Robin Turnbull ◽  
Enrico Bandiello ◽  
Ibraheem Yousef ◽  
Catalin Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Far Infrared Radiation

We report the first high-pressure spectroscopy study on Zn(IO3)2 using synchrotron far-infrared radiation. Spectroscopy was conducted up to pressures of 17 GPa at room temperature. Twenty-five phonons were identified below 600 cm−1 for the initial monoclinic low-pressure polymorph of Zn(IO3)2. The pressure response of the modes with wavenumbers above 150 cm−1 has been characterized, with modes exhibiting non-linear responses and frequency discontinuities that have been proposed to be related to the existence of phase transitions. Analysis of the high-pressure spectra acquired on compression indicates that Zn(IO3)2 undergoes subtle phase transitions around 3 and 8 GPa, followed by a more drastic transition around 13 GPa.

scholarly journals Crystal and electronic structure engineering of tin monoxide by external pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
Junjie Wang ◽  
Vladislav A. Blatov ◽  
Yutong Gong ◽  
Naoto Umezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Tin Monoxide ◽  
High Possibility ◽  
Pressure Phase

AbstractAlthough tin monoxide (SnO) is an interesting compound due to its p-type conductivity, a widespread application of SnO has been limited by its narrow band gap of 0.7 eV. In this work, we theoretically investigate the structural and electronic properties of several SnO phases under high pressures through employing van der Waals (vdW) functionals. Our calculations reveal that a metastable SnO (β-SnO), which possesses space group P21/c and a wide band gap of 1.9 eV, is more stable than α-SnO at pressures higher than 80 GPa. Moreover, a stable (space group P2/c) and a metastable (space group Pnma) phases of SnO appear at pressures higher than 120 GPa. Energy and topological analyses show that P2/c-SnO has a high possibility to directly transform to β-SnO at around 120 GPa. Our work also reveals that β-SnO is a necessary intermediate state between high-pressure phase Pnma-SnO and low-pressure phase α-SnO for the phase transition path Pnma-SnO →β-SnO → α-SnO. Two phase transition analyses indicate that there is a high possibility to synthesize β-SnO under high-pressure conditions and have it remain stable under normal pressure. Finally, our study reveals that the conductive property of β-SnO can be engineered in a low-pressure range (0–9 GPa) through a semiconductor-to-metal transition, while maintaining transparency in the visible light range.

scholarly journals Investigation of Vorticity during Prevalent Winter Precipitation in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Rousta ◽  
Farshad Javadizadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Dargahian ◽  
Haraldur Ólafsson ◽  
Amin Shiri-Karimvandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Precipitation Threshold ◽  
Dual Core

In this study, precipitation data for 483 synoptic stations, and the U&V component of wind and HGT data for 4 atmospheric levels were respectively obtained from IRIMO and NCEP/NCAR databases (1961–2013). The precipitation threshold of 1 mm and a minimum prevalence of 50% were the criteria based on which the prevalent precipitation of Iran was identified. Then, vorticity of days corresponding to prevalent winter precipitation was calculated and, by performing cluster analysis, the representative days of vorticity were specified. The results showed that prevalent winter precipitation vorticity in Iran is related to the vorticity patterns of low pressure of Mediterranean-low pressure of Persian Gulf dual-core, low pressure closed of central Iran-high pressure of East Europe, Ural low pressure-Middle East High pressure, Saudi Arabia low pressure-Europe high pressure, and high-pressure belt of Siberia-low pressure of central Iran. At the same time, the most intense vorticity occurred when the climate of Iran was influenced by a massive belt pattern of Siberian high pressure-low pressure of central Iran. However, at the time of prevalent winter precipitation in Iran, an intense vorticity is drawn with the direction of Northeast and Northwest from the center of Iraq to the south of Iran.

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