Decentralized Peak-Shaving—Its Economic Significance to Electric Utilities

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Constantine W. Bary
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Electric Utilities ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Utility System ◽  
Production Facilities ◽  
Expansion Policy

This paper discusses the procedure used in determining the possible economies to be obtained on an electric utility system through the establishment of an expansion policy for power production facilities wherein a certain amount of decentralized peak-shaving capacity is periodically installed. Many factors are considered in determining the amount of peak-shaving capacity and the possible effect of changes in future conditions. A simplified equation of cost savings under a stated peak-shaving policy is presented. Also included is a theoretical analysis which indicates the portion of savings attributable to the peak-shaving function as contrasted with that attributable to reduction in average reserve margins possible with the use of the smaller sized units under a decentralized peak-shaving policy.

The Market for Capital and the Origins of State Regulation of Electric Utilities in the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1050-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Hausman ◽  
John L. Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
Electric Utilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Electric Utility Industry ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Borrowing Costs ◽  
Utility Industry ◽  
State Rate ◽  
Return Regulation

We provide evidence that the problem of raising capital in the early days of the U.S. electric-utility industry motivated industry leaders to embrace state rate-of-return regulation in return for a secure territorial monopoly. Utility executives anticipated that this would lead to a reduction in borrowing costs. Using firm-level bond data for 1910–1919, we estimate a model and find that state regulation led to lower borrowing costs but that the magnitude of the reduction was small. We also find evidence that output of electric utilities in states with regulation was higher than output in states without regulation.

Techno-economic analysis of forest biomass blends gasification for small-scale power production facilities in the Azores

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 118552 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Sousa Cardoso ◽  
Valter Silva ◽  
Daniela Eusébio ◽  
Inês Lima Azevedo ◽  
Luís A.C. Tarelho
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Facilities

Performance of Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) Systems and Their Impacts on Electric Utility Loads

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya I. Sharaf-Eldeen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Peak Loads

This work involves measurements, analyses, and evaluation of performance of air-source heat pump water heaters (HPWHs), and their impacts on electric utility loads. Two add-on, heat pumps (HPs) rated at 7000 BTU/h (2.051 kW) and 12,000 BTU/h (3.517 kW) were utilized. The HPs were retrofitted to two 50 gal (189.3 l) electric water heaters (EWHs) with their electric heating elements removed. A third standard EWH was used for comparison. The testing setups were fully instrumented for measurements of all pertinent parameters, including inlet and outlet water temperatures, inlet and outlet air temperatures of the HPs, temperature and humidity of the surrounding air, volume of water drawn out of the storage tanks, as well as the electric energy consumptions of the systems. Performance measures evaluated included the coefficient of performance, the energy factor (EF), and the first hour rating (FHR). The HPWH systems gave EFs ranging from 1.8 to 2.5 and corresponding energy savings (and reductions in utility peak loads) ranging from 49.0% to 63.0%, approximately. The values obtained in the summer months were, as expected, somewhat higher than those obtained in the winter ones. The average values of the EFs and energy savings (and reductions in utility peak loads) were about 2.1 and 56.0%, respectively. FHR results were much lower for the HPWHs compared with those for the standard EWH. These results show that HPWHs are much more efficient compared with standard EWHs. While the average value of the EF for the EWH was about 0.92, the HPWHs yielded EFs averaging more than 2.00, resulting in annual energy savings averaging more than 50%. The results also show that HPWHs are effective at reducing utility peak loads, in addition to providing substantial cost savings to consumers.

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