Performance of Tungsten Carbide, Titanium Carbide, and Oxide Tools in Finish Turning of C-30 Gray Iron

1965 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
I. Ham ◽  
T. Hoshi ◽  
G. L. Thuering
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Titanium Carbide ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Finish Turning ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Cutting Speeds

Performance data were obtained for tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, and oxide tools in the finish turning of C-30 gray iron. Characteristics of typical wear patterns were examined in relation to their effects on cutting force and surface finish. Using both surface finish and tool wear as tool life criteria, the comparative performance of these tools was evaluated. The oxide tool was superior to the carbide tools except at low cutting speeds. The influence of depth of cut and of a prehoned land on the cutting edge was also studied.

Cutting Tool Wear and Mechanisms of Chip Formation During High-Speed Machining of Compacted Graphite Iron

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niniza S. P. Dlamini ◽  
Iakovos Sigalas ◽  
Andreas Koursaris
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Failure Criterion ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Compacted Graphite Iron ◽  
Crater Wear ◽  
Compacted Graphite ◽  
Cutting Speeds

Cutting tool wear of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PcBN) tools was investigated in oblique turning experiments when machining compacted graphite iron at high cutting speeds, with the intention of elucidating the failure mechanisms of the cutting tools and presenting an analysis of the chip formation process. Dry finish turning experiments were conducted in a CNC lathe at cutting speeds in the range of 500–800m/min, at a feed rate of 0.05mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.2mm. Two different tool end-of-life criteria were used: a maximum flank wear scar size of 0.3mm (flank wear failure criterion) or loss of cutting edge due to rapid crater wear to a point where the cutting tool cannot machine with an acceptable surface finish (surface finish criterion). At high cutting speeds, the cutting tools failed prior to reaching the flank wear failure criterion due to rapid crater wear on the rake face of the cutting tools. Chip analysis, using SEM, revealed shear localized chips, with adiabatic shear bands produced in the primary and secondary shear zones.

Surface Roughness and Chip Formation of AlSi/AIN Metal Matrix Composite by End Milling Machining using the Taguchi Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Said ◽  
J. A. Ghani ◽  
R. Othman ◽  
M. A. Selamat ◽  
N. N. Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Taguchi Optimization ◽  
Cutting Speeds

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate surface roughness and chip formation by the machining of Aluminium silicon alloy (AlSic) matrix composite, reinforced with aluminium nitride (AlN), with three types of carbide inserts present. Experiments were conducted at various cutting speeds, feed rates, and depths of cut, according to the Taguchi method, using a standard orthogonal array L9 (34). The effects of cutting speeds, feed rates, depths of cut, and types of tool on surface roughness during the milling operation were evaluated using Taguchi optimization methodology, using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. The surface finish produced is very important in determining whether the quality of the machined part is within specification and permissible tolerance limits. It is understood that chip formation is a fundamental element that influences tool performance. The analysis of chip formation was done using a Sometech SV-35 video microscope. The analysis of results, using the S/N ratio, concluded that a combination of low feed rate, low depth of cut, medium cutting speed, and an uncoated tool, gave a remarkable surface finish. The chips formed from the experiment varied from semi–continuous to discontinuous. 

scholarly journals ON THE EFFECT OF THE SIDE FLOW OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL IN THE FINISH TURNING PROCESS UNDER DRY CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Kamil Leksycki ◽  
Eugene Feldshtein ◽  
Michał Ociepa
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Finish Turning ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Test Points ◽  
Side Flow ◽  
Cutting Speeds

The article presents the results of the research on the plastic flow in the finish turning of 316L (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) stainless steel under dry cutting conditions. The steel was turned at variable cutting speeds and a constant depth of cut. The investigations were based on the Parameter Space Investigation method (PSI) which allowed minimizing the number of test points. It was observed that the phenomenon of slide flow occurred in the range of cutting speeds and feed rates under examination and its intensity depended on the values of these parameters. The phenomenon was more intense in the range of medium and higher cutting speeds and lower feed rates. The side flow results in significant changes between the real and theoretical values of roughness parameter Rz, which range from 40% up to even 330%.

scholarly journals Experimental Examination of Tool Wear During Turning of Ti-Grade 2 Alloy in Dry and Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4768-4771
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubrication ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Experimental Examination ◽  
Machine Material ◽  
Minimum Quantity

In any manufacturing industry cost and productivity are the major concerns to be taken care. There are several factors which can be used to control these factors and while it comes to machining tool wear plays a major role in deciding the productivity and cost of the machining process. Recently many studies have been done on the different alloys of titanium and it is found to be very useful and difficult to machine material as well. In this work turning of one of the titanium alloys is used to study the tool wear behavior during dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining conditions. In the current work tungsten carbide (WC) insert is used for machining process. After the machining Taguchi’s analysis is used to analyze the results obtained after the machining. In this work spindle speed, feed, and depth of cut are taken as the input parameters along with the machining condition. From the results it is found that MQL provides the better results to minimize the tool wear

Machining Performance of PM Material Containing MnX Additives1

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Barnes ◽  
Michael J. Nash ◽  
Moh. H. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Turning Operation ◽  
Cutting Speeds

A new free-machining additive, MnX, has been reported to improve the machining performance of ferrous powder metallurgy (PM) materials. This work investigated this claim by comparing the performance of three otherwise identical PM materials containing: no additive, conventional manganese sulphide (MnS) additions and the new MnX additive. A turning operation and cutting speeds of 100–250 m/min were used during which cutting forces, tool wear and surface finish were measured. The MnX material was found to exhibit superior performance. However, this was most noticeable at higher cutting speeds and at the lower cutting speeds, differences in performance were substantially reduced. [S0094-4289(00)02004-1]

Preheating in End Milling of AISI D2 Hardened Steel with Coated Carbide Inserts

2009 ◽  
Vol 83-86 ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amri Lajis ◽  
A.K.M. Nurul Amin ◽  
A.N. Mustafizul Karim ◽  
A.M.K. Hafiz
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Inductive Heating ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Aisi D2 ◽  
Coated Carbide

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of preheating through inductive heating mechanism in end milling of AISI D2 hardened steel (60-62 HRC) by using coated carbide tool inserts. Apart from preheating, two other machining parameters such as cutting speed and feed were varied while the depth of cut constant was kept constant. Tool wear phenomenon and machined surface finish were found to be significantly affected by preheating temperature and other two variables. End milling operation was performed on a Vertical Machining Centre (VMC). Preheating of the work material to a higher temperature range resulted in a noticeable reduction in tool wear rate leading to a longer tool life. In addition, improved surface finish was obtained with surface roughness values lower than 0.4 μm, leaving a possibility of skipping the grinding and polishing operations for certain applications.

DECODING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPLEX STRUCTURES OF MACHINED SURFACE AND TOOL WEAR IN MILLING OPERATION

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050104
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD OWAIS QADRI ◽  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Machining Operations

Surface finish of machined workpiece is one of the factors to evaluate the performance of machining operations. There are different factors such as machining parameters that affect the surface finish of machined workpiece. Tool wear is an unwanted machining issue that highly affects the surface finish of machined workpiece. In a similar way, different parameters (e.g. cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) also affect tool wear. In this research, we investigated how the complex structure of machined workpiece is related to the complex structure of tool wear. For this purpose, we benefited from the fractal analysis. The experiments were conducted based on the variations of machining parameters (depth of cut, feed rate and spindle speed), and accordingly the fractal dimension of machined surface was analyzed versus the fractal dimension of tool wear. Based on the obtained results, the complexity of machined surface is related to the complexity of tool wear. Fractal analysis could be applied to other machining operations to analyze the complex structures of machined surface and tool and potentially make a relationship between them.

Dry Machinability of Aluminum Alloys

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Shareef ◽  
Manikandan Natarajan ◽  
Oyelayo O. Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Dry Machining ◽  
Finish Temperature ◽  
Titanium Aluminum ◽  
Coated Carbide ◽  
Titanium Aluminum Nitride

Adverse effects of the use of cutting fluids and environmental concerns with regard to cutting fluid disposability is compelling industry to adopt Dry or near Dry Machining, with the aim of eliminating or significantly reducing the use of metal working fluids. Pending EPA regulations on metal cutting, dry machining is becoming a hot topic of research and investigation both in industry and federal research labs. Although the need for dry machining may be apparent, most of the manufacturers still consider dry machining to be impractical and even if possible, very expensive. This perception is mainly due to lack of appropriate cutting tools that can withstand intense heat and Built-up-Edge (BUE) formation during dry machining. The challenge of heat dissipation without coolant requires a completely different approach to tooling. Special tooling utilizing high-performance multi-layer, multi-component, heat resisting, low friction coatings could be a plausible answer to the challenge of dry machining. In pursuit of this goal Argonne National Labs has introduced Nano-crystalline near frictionless carbon (NFC) diamond like coatings (DLC), while industrial efforts have led to the introduction of composite coatings such as titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), tungsten carbide/carbon (WC/C) and others. Although, these coatings are considered to be very promising, they have not been tested either from tribological or from dry machining applications point of view. As such a research program in partnership with federal labs and industrial sponsors has started with the goal of exploring the feasibility of dry machining using the newly developed coatings such as Near Frictionless Carbon Coatings (NFC), Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN), and multi-layer multicomponent nano coatings such as TiAlCrYN and TiAlN/YN. Although various coatings are under investigation as part of the overall dry machinability program, this extended abstract deals with a systematic investigation of dry machinability of Aluminum 6061 and 2024 using uncoated carbide, TiN coated carbide, and TiAlN coated carbide inserts. Central Composite Design (CCD) is used to study the effect of speed, feed, depth of cut, workpiece material, and cutting tool material on the resulting forces, surface finish, temperature, chip morphology and tool wear. Each of the machining responses is measured and compared under 15 different machining conditions. Results from CCD experiments have been used to develop linear and logarithmic models for forces (Fx, Fy, Fz, & Fr) surface finish (Ra), and temperature. Furthermore, chip morphology and tool wear have also been compared. From the comparison of forces, surface finish, temperature, chip morphology, tool wear and the corresponding statistical models, it is clear that in general TiAlN results in lower forces, better surface finish, greater fragmented chips, and lesser tool wear.

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