Drill String Vibrations Due to Intermittent Contact of Bit Teeth

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Paslay ◽  
D. B. Bogy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Drill String ◽  
String Vibrations ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Intermittent Contact ◽  
Maximum Penetration ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
Force Excitation ◽  
Practical Measurement

An analysis of the longitudinal forces and the resulting longitudinal motions of an idealized drill string is presented. The only external force excitation considered occurs at the bit and is due to the intermittent contact of the teeth with the bottom of the hole. Attention has been restricted to the following two salient possibilities: 1 - Excitation at the bit may develop oscillating forces at the bit with amplitudes of the same order of magnitude as those of the bit load. 2 - Appreciable bit load variation may be detected by instruments which measure the motion of the drill string near its top. The first possibility is important if maximum penetration rate is to be achieved, and the second possibility is important in implementing practical measurement of the phenomenon. From the results of the specific example considered in this report, it is concluded that possibilities 1 and 2 may occur in sufficient magnitude to be influential, but experimental data on the actual bit motion and the damping will be required to evaluate the effect. The analysis is presented in such form that the influence of the various parts of the system can easily be evaluated.

Diagnostics of metal samples using the results of experimental and theoretical study of positively charged microparticles formed upon sample destruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
D. A. Golentsov ◽  
A. G. Gulin ◽  
Vladimir A. Likhter ◽  
K. E. Ulybyshev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Using Data

Destruction of bodies is accompanied by formation of both large and microscopic fragments. Numerous experiments on the rupture of different samples show that those fragments carry a positive electric charge. his phenomenon is of interest from the viewpoint of its potential application to contactless diagnostics of the early stage of destruction of the elements in various technical devices. However, the lack of understanding the nature of this phenomenon restricts the possibility of its practical applications. Experimental studies were carried out using an apparatus that allowed direct measurements of the total charge of the microparticles formed upon sample rupture and determination of their size and quantity. The results of rupture tests of duralumin and electrical steel showed that the size of microparticles is several tens of microns, the particle charge per particle is on the order of 10–14 C, and their amount can be estimated as the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the sample at the point of discontinuity to the square of the microparticle size. A model of charge formation on the microparticles is developed proceeding from the experimental data and current concept of the electron gas in metals. The model makes it possible to determine the charge of the microparticle using data on the particle size and mechanical and electrical properties of the material. Model estimates of the total charge of particles show order-of-magnitude agreement with the experimental data.

Comparison of soot models for reacting sprays in diesel engine-like conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110154
Author(s):  
Pavan Prakash Duvvuri ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Shrivastava ◽  
Sheshadri Sreedhara
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Soot Volume Fraction ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Aerosol Dynamics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Detailed Kinetics ◽  
Soot Model

Stringent emission legislations and growing health concerns have contributed to the evolution of soot modeling in diesel engines from simple empirical relations to methods involving detailed kinetics and complex aerosol dynamics. In this paper, four different soot models have been evaluated for the high temperature, high pressure combusting dodecane spray cases of engine combustion network (ECN) spray A which mimics engine-relevant conditions. The soot models considered include an empirical, a multistep, a method of moments based, and a discrete sectional method soot model. Two experimental cases with ambient oxygen volume of 21% and 15% have been modeled. A good agreement between simulations and experiments for vapor penetration and heat release rate has been obtained. Quasi-steady soot volume fraction contours for the four soot models have been compared with experiments. Contours of the species and source terms involved in soot modeling have also been compared for a better understanding of soot processes. The empirical soot model results in higher magnitude and spread of soot due to a lack of modeling framework for oxidation through OH species. Among the four models studied, the multistep soot model has been observed to provide the most promising agreement with the experimental data in terms of distribution of soot and location of peak soot volume fraction. Due to a two-way coupling of soot models, the detailed models predict an upstream location for soot as compared to the multi-step soot model which is one way coupled. A significant difference (of an order of magnitude) in the concentration of PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) precursor between multistep and detailed soot models has been observed because of precursor consumption due to the coupling of detailed soot models with chemical kinetics. It is recommended that kinetic schemes, especially those concerning PAH, be validated with experimental data with a kinetics-coupled soot model.

Rate of oxygen loss from arterioles is an order of magnitude higher than expected

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. H921-H924 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Popel ◽  
R. N. Pittman ◽  
M. L. Ellsworth
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Oxygen Flux ◽  
Cheek Pouch ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Hamster Cheek Pouch ◽  
Oxygen Loss ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Solubility Coefficients ◽  
Tissue Permeability

The experimental data on oxygen flux from arterioles in the hamster cheek pouch retractor muscle [L. Kuo and R. N. Pittman, Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 23): H331-H339, 1988] were analyzed under the assumption that the permeability to oxygen is the same in both perfused and unperfused tissue; permeability is defined as the product of the diffusion and solubility coefficients. However, our analysis indicated that the observed oxygen flux was inconsistent with this assumption and that permeability to oxygen of a blood-perfused tissue may be an order of magnitude higher than previously assumed.

scholarly journals Design aspects of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail M Krasnov ◽  
Natalia D Novikova ◽  
Roger Cattaneo ◽  
Alexey A Kalenyuk ◽  
Vladimir M Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Heat Management ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Thz Sources

Impedance matching and heat management are important factors influencing performance of THz sources. In this work we analyze thermal and radiative properties of such devices based on mesa structures of a layered high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Two types of devices are considered, containing either a conventional large single crystal, or a whisker. We perform numerical simulations for various geometrical configurations and parameters and make a comparison with experimental data for the two types of devices. It is demonstrated that the structure and the geometry of both the superconductor and the electrodes are playing important roles. In crystal-based devices an overlap between the crystal and the electrode leads to appearance of a large parasitic capacitance, which shunts THz emission and prevents impedance matching with open space. The overlap is avoided in whisker-based devices. Furthermore, the whisker and the electrodes form a turnstile (crossed-dipole) antenna facilitating good impedance matching. This leads to more than an order of magnitude enhancement of the radiation power efficiency in whisker-based, compared to crystal-based devices. These results are in good agreement with presented experimental data.

Parallel Multi-Cycle LES of an Optical Pent-Roof DISI Engine Under Motored Operating Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Van Dam ◽  
Wei Zeng ◽  
Magnus Sjöberg ◽  
Sibendu Som
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Structure Index ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
The Many ◽  
Direct Injection Spark Ignition

The use of Large-eddy Simulations (LES) has increased due to their ability to resolve the turbulent fluctuations of engine flows and capture the resulting cycle-to-cycle variability. One drawback of LES, however, is the requirement to run multiple engine cycles to obtain the necessary cycle statistics for full validation. The standard method to obtain the cycles by running a single simulation through many engine cycles sequentially can take a long time to complete. Recently, a new strategy has been proposed by our research group to reduce the amount of time necessary to simulate the many engine cycles by running individual engine cycle simulations in parallel. With modern large computing systems this has the potential to reduce the amount of time necessary for a full set of simulated engine cycles to finish by up to an order of magnitude. In this paper, the Parallel Perturbation Methodology (PPM) is used to simulate up to 35 engine cycles of an optically accessible, pent-roof Direct-injection Spark-ignition (DISI) engine at two different motored engine operating conditions, one throttled and one un-throttled. Comparisons are made against corresponding sequential-cycle simulations to verify the similarity of results using either methodology. Mean results from the PPM approach are very similar to sequential-cycle results with less than 0.5% difference in pressure and a magnitude structure index (MSI) of 0.95. Differences in cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) predictions are larger, but close to the statistical uncertainty in the measurement for the number of cycles simulated. PPM LES results were also compared against experimental data. Mean quantities such as pressure or mean velocities were typically matched to within 5–10%. Pressure CCVs were under-predicted, mostly due to the lack of any perturbations in the pressure boundary conditions between cycles. Velocity CCVs for the simulations had the same average magnitude as experiments, but the experimental data showed greater spatial variation in the root-mean-square (RMS). Conversely, circular standard deviation results showed greater repeatability of the flow directionality and swirl vortex positioning than the simulations.

An improved value for the electron affinity of the negative hydrogen ion

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard R. Scherk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Negative Hydrogen Ion

An expression is derived for the lifetime of a negative ion in a weak and static electric field. Using this expression, existing experimental data are analyzed to improve the empirical value of the electron affinity of the negative hydrogen ion by an order of magnitude.

The Study on Harmonic Vibration of Drill String in Horizontal Well

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 2397-2400
Author(s):  
Chun Jie Han ◽  
Tie Yan
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Harmonic Vibration ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Harmonic Vibrations ◽  
String Vibrations ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Drill Tool ◽  
Modal Vibration

During exploitation of horizontal well drilling engineering, the problem of drill string failure is very serious, there are many reasons, and drill string vibrations are main reasons. In this paper drill string of horizontal well is object being studied. The models about various vibrations are set up. The vibration rule of drill string is obtained under different situation; the axial and lateral frequency of drill string vibration in free state is studied. The analysis of modal vibration of drill string is the basis of the analysis of harmonic vibration of drill string. The harmonic vibrations rules of drill string of horizontal well are studied. All sorts of resonance frequencies are obtained practicability. This study can prove basic method for optimizing drill tool of horizontal well and reducing drill string failure.

The Formation of Molecules in Three Atom Collisions using the Eikonal Approximation

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489-1499
Author(s):  
E. Czuchaj
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Eikonal Approximation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Recombination Rate Constant ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A new approach to the calculation of a teratomic recombination rate constant k(T) has been dem-onstrated. An expression for k(T) has been obtained in the eikonal approximation. The numerical calculation has been carried out for the Rb*-Xe system. Good agreement in the order of magnitude between the present results and the experimental data of Carrington et al. has been obtained.

Longitudinal and Angular Drill-String Vibrations With Damping

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Dareing ◽  
B. J. Livesay
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Recording Instrument ◽  
String Vibration ◽  
String Vibrations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Computer Calculations

This paper discusses longitudinal and angular drill-string vibrations and supporting field measurements taken with a special downhole recording instrument. Computer programs based on the theory are used to calculate longitudinal and angular vibrations (caused by periodic bit motions) along the drill string; field measurements made during actual drilling operations are used to check computer calculations. The main difference between this and other theory on the same problem is the inclusion of friction, which acts along the length of a drill string and impedes longitudinal and angular vibrations. For the sake of simplicity, the effect of different types of friction, such as fluid, rubbing, and material, which act along the string, is approximated by the effect produced by viscous friction. This approximation is generally accepted and appears to give adequate results for the drill-string vibration problem.

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