Machinability of Nodular Cast Irons: Part I—Tool Forces and Flank Adhesion

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ham ◽  
K. Hitomi ◽  
G. L. Thuering
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Nodular Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Gray Cast Irons

Three grades of nodular cast iron (60, 80, and 100) were tested to determine the cutting and feed forces required to machine the materials, to determine the performance of several grades of carbide and oxide cutting tools, and to investigate the flank adhesion phenomenon. Cutting characteristics for grade 80 and grade 100 were found to be the same as for high-strength gray cast irons with similar Bhn values. Flank adhesion, with accompanying sharp increases in cutting force values, was encountered only when grade 60 was machined with carbide tools. An attempt was made to correlate tool composition and flank adhesion.

ISO 185/JL/350

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Test Pieces

Abstract ISO 185/JL/350 is a higher-tensile-strength gray cast iron that has a pearlitic matrix, and a tensile strength of 350–450 MPa (51–65 ksi), when determined on test pieces machined from separately cast, 30 mm (1.2 in.) diameter test bars. It provides a combination of high strength while still maintaining good thermal conductivity compared with other types of cast iron. This grade approaches the maximum tensile strength attainable in gray cast iron. Applications therefore tend to be confined to those where thermal conductivity requirements in service preclude the use of one of the other higher-strength materials such as spheroidal graphite cast irons, which have inferior thermal properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as casting and heat treating. Filing Code: CI-85. Producer or source: International Organization for Standardization.

Cutting Performance of Diamond Coated Si3N4 Tool During Turning

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
José Vitor C. Souza ◽  
Maria do Carmo de Andrade Nono ◽  
João Paulo Barros Machado ◽  
Olivério Moreira Macedo Silva ◽  
F.C.L. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Tool Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Cutting Length ◽  
Machining Operations

Silicon nitride cutting tools have been used successfully for machining hard materials, like: cast irons, nickel based alloys, etc. However these cutting tools with diamond coating present little information on dry turning operations of gray cast iron. In the present work, Si3N4 square inserts was developed, characterized and subsequently coated with diamond for dry machining operations on gray cast iron. All experiments were conducted with replica. It was used a 1500, 3000, 4500 m cutting length, feed rate of 0.33 mm/rev and keeping the depth of cut constant and equal to 1 mm. The results show that wear in the tool tips of the Si3N4 inserts, in all cutting conditions, was caused by both mechanical and chemical processes. To understand the tool wear mechanisms, a morphological analysis of the inserts, after experiments, has been performed by SEM and optical microscopy. Diamond coated PVD inserts showed to be capable to reach large cutting lengths when machining gray cast iron.

Study on the Influences on Microstructure and Properties of High-Strength Grey Cast Iron in Addition to Alloying Elements Nb

2013 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Jun Tao Zhang ◽  
Feng Zhang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Grey Cast ◽  
The Relationship

The increase of the strength of gray cast iron is mainly depended on alloying. However, with the improvement of strength, its processing performance will always decrease. So three different gray cast irons are studied in this experiment, including adding 0.1% Nb elements, adding 0.2% Nb elements and adding 0.3% Nb elements, to investigate the Nbs effect to the mechanical performance of gray cast iron, we adopt Dynamic Strain Amplifier to measure cutting force to evaluate processing performance, use Optical Microscope and Electron Microscopy observe each samples organization, explains the relationship between Nbs content and the mechanical and processing performance of gray cast iron from micro-level. Finally, we draw the conclusion: when the Nb comes to 0.3 percent, the appearance of E-type graphite and Nb carbide durum granular will greatly decrease its processing performance.

Influence of Alloying on the Uniformity of Strength and Structure of Gray Iron

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 3348-3352
Author(s):  
Li Li Xiao ◽  
Feng Zhang Ren ◽  
Meng Qi Liu ◽  
Yu Fei Wang ◽  
Na Wen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Cast Irons

Two gray cast irons with equal tensile strength were prepared to investigate the influence of alloying on the machinability of gray iron. After 75SiFe modifying treatment, they were alloyed by the mixture additive containing RE, Cr, Mn, Si and Fe with a certain proportion and pure copper, respectively. The hardness, section sensitivity, structuralhomogenity and machinability were tested in this experiment. The results show that both of the gray irons have the same brinell hardness and the micro-hardness. The section sensitivity of the gray iron alloyed by the mixture additive is smaller than the gray iron alloyed by copper. The main cutting force of the cast iron alloyed by the mixture additive is lower than that of the cast iron alloyed by copper, therefore, the gray cast iron alloyed by the mixture additive has a better machinability than the cast iron alloyed by copper.

Study of Cutting Forces on Machinability Properties of Gray Cast Iron Using New Ceramics Cutting Tools

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 598-603
Author(s):  
José Vitor C. Souza ◽  
Maria do Carmo de Andrade Nono ◽  
Rodrigo de Matos Oliveira ◽  
M.V. Ribeiro ◽  
Olivério Moreira Macedo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Excessive Heat

During gray cast iron cutting, the great rate of mechanical energy from cutting forces is converted into heat. Considerable heat is generated, principally in three areas: the shear zone, rake face and at the clearance side of the cutting edge. Excessive heat will cause undesirable high temperature in the tool which leads to softening of the tool and its accelerated wear and breakage. Nowadays the advanced ceramics are widely used in cutting tools. In this paper a composition special of Si3N4 was sintering, characterized, cut and ground to make SNGN120408 and applyed in machining gray cast iron with hardness equal 205 HB in dry cutting conditions by using digital controlled computer lathe. The tool performance was analysed in function of cutting forces, flank wear, temperature and roughness. Therefore metal removing process is carried out for three different cutting speeds (300 m/min, 600 m/min, and 800 m/min), while a cutting depth of 1 mm and a feed rate of 0.33 mm/rev are kept constant. As a result of the experiments, the lowest main cutting force, which depends on cutting speed, is obtained as 264 N at 600 m/min while the highest main cutting force is recorded as 294 N at 300 m/min.

Machinability of Nodular Cast Irons: Part II—Effect of Cutting Conditions on Flank Adhesion

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hitomi ◽  
G. L. Thuering
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Nodular Cast Iron ◽  
Rake Angle ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Tool Force ◽  
Iron Grade ◽  
Steel Cutting

To determine the effects of cutting conditions on flank adhesion, nodular cast iron grade 60 was machined dry and wet with carbide cutting tools K6, cast iron cutting grade, and K4H, steel cutting grade. Decreasing the feed rate raised the critical cutting speed at which flank build-up occurred and lowered the resultant tool force. For tools with positive rake angle, the critical cutting speed was generally higher and tool forces were lower than for tools with negative rake angle. A clearance angle of 15 deg eliminated flank adhesion, as did the use of cutting fluids. Flank build-up was analyzed chemically and metallurgically. Methods to prevent flank adhesion are recommended.

scholarly journals Fabrication of High-Strength Gray Cast Iron Using Permanent Magnet Scrap

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 1113-1117
Author(s):  
Seung-Yeon Park ◽  
J.H. Kim ◽  
S.J. Seo ◽  
J.S. On ◽  
K.M. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Cast Specimen

AbstractIn this study, we have developed the manufacturing technology for high strength gray cast irons by using the spent permanent magnet scraps. The cast specimen inoculated by using a spent magnet scraps showed the excellent tensile strength up to 306MPa. This tensile strength value is 50MPa higher than that of the specimen cast without inoculation, and is similar to that of the specimen inoculated by using the expensive misch-metal. These superior mechanical properties are attributed to complex sulfides created during solidification that promote the formation and growth of Type-A graphite. It is therefore concluded that spent magnets scrap can provide an efficient and cost-effective inoculation agent for the fabrication of high-performance gray cast iron.

Gray Cast Iron Behavior in Cavitation Erosion

2014 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinca Ionel Lupinca ◽  
Marian Dumitru Nedeloni ◽  
Dorian Nedelcu
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Nodular Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Flake Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Cavitation Erosion Resistance

The paper presents the cavitation stand used, the work methodology, the trials realized on specimens of gray cast irons, with flake graphite and spheroidal-graphite, which were tested for cavitation erosion during different periods of time of the cavitation attack. Finally, the conclusions were interpreted on the basis of comparative graphics realized at the macro and microstructures level obtained for these two types of cast iron. Of the two types of gray cast iron, the nodular cast iron presents a better cavitation erosion resistance.

ISO 185/JL/300

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Test Pieces

Abstract ISO 185/JL/300 is a higher-tensile-strength gray cast iron that has a pearlitic matrix; it has a tensile strength of 300–400 MPa (44–58 ksi), when determined on test pieces machined from separately cast, 30 mm (1.2 in.) diameter test bars. It provides high strength while still maintaining good thermal conductivity compared with other types of cast iron. This grade approaches the maximum tensile strength attainable in gray cast iron. Applications therefore tend to be confined to those where thermal conductivity requirements in service preclude the use of one of the other higher-strength materials such as spheroidal graphite cast irons, which have inferior thermal properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting and heat treating. Filing Code: CI-82. Producer or source: International Organization for Standardization.

Machinability of Nodular Cast Irons: Part III—Tool Life of Carbide and Ceramic Cutting Tools

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hitomi ◽  
G. L. Thuering
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Nodular Cast Iron ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Ceramic Cutting Tool ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Cutting Tool Materials

Three grades of nodular cast iron (60, 80, and 100) were tested to determine the tool life of carbide and ceramic cutting tool materials. Tool life for all tools was much greater for grade 60 than for 80 and 100. Cast iron cutting grade carbide K6 was superior to steel cutting grade K3H, and at high speeds the ceramic was superior.

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