The Toroid Contact Roller Test as Applied to the Study of Bearing Materials

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Greenert
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Surface Fatigue ◽  
Aisi 52100 ◽  
Bearing Materials ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Contact Roller ◽  
Orthogonal Shear Stress

An understanding of the basic mechanics and statistical variables of the contact roller test as it is applied to surface fatigue phenomena was obtained. One hundred ninety-four contact rollers of AISI 52100 bearing quality steel were tested to establish dispersion limits. No significant fatigue differences were indicated for heats, bars, or test replications among steels of similar quality, composition, and heat-treatment. A statistical evaluation of results points to the contact roller test as a suitable means for studying significant variables that pertain to both the theoretical and material aspects of antifriction bearings. Stresses in the contact surfaces based on the orthogonal shear-stress theories showed good correlation with fatigue life.

Evaluation of S-N curves including failure probabilities using short-time procedures

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 705-713
Author(s):  
Ruth Acosta ◽  
Christian Boller ◽  
Markus Doktor ◽  
Haoran Wu ◽  
Hanna Jost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
Magnetic Field Measurements ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Experimental Effort

Abstract In recent years, different short-time procedures have been developed that significantly reduce the experimental effort required to generate S-N curves and thus S-N databases. Methods like StressLife, StrainLife, and SteBLife are some of those which have shown enormous potential in this respect. In this contribution, the practicability of the SteBLife method is shown. Two S-N curve evaluation strategies based on temperature and magnetic field measurements are presented. These take statistical evaluation into account, describing a material’s scatter in terms of fatigue life. In order to demonstrate the versatility of the approach and to underline the advantages in terms of effort saved when compared to conventional procedures, the process on how to get the required information obtained is shown for three unalloyed and low-alloyed steels under different heat treatment conditions.

Surface Failure and Durability of Induction-Hardened Sintered Powder Metal Rollers and Gears With Various Hardened Depths

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yoshida ◽  
Yuji Ohue ◽  
Isamu Karasuno
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Powder Metal ◽  
Relative Radius ◽  
Surface Fatigue ◽  
Sintered Powder ◽  
Orthogonal Shear Stress

Abstract In this study, the effect of hardened depth on failure modes and fatigue strengths of induction-hardened sintered powder metal test rollers and spur gears is elucidated also with the effect of relative radius of curvature of the test rollers. These experimental results are discussed by an amplitude of ratio of orthogonal shear stress to Vickers hardness. Failure mode of the test rollers was spelling due to subsurface origin crack with slight micropits and that of the test gears was pitting due to surface origin crack with spall near the pitch point independent of the hardened depth. The depths of spalling cracks agreed almost with the occurring depths of peak amplitude of the ratio of orthogonal shear stress to Vickers hardness. Surface durability of the test rollers increased as the surface hardness increased and the relative radius of curvature decreased almost independent of the hardened depth. Surface fatigue life of the test gears was hardly influenced by the hardened depth.

scholarly journals Rolling-Element Fatigue Lives of Through-Hardened Bearing Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Parker ◽  
E. V. Zaretsky
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Outer Race ◽  
Aisi 52100 ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Fatigue Data ◽  
Bearing Materials

Rolling-element fatigue tests were run with eight through-hardened bearing materials at 150 deg F. One-half in. dia balls of each material were run in five-ball fatigue testers. Care was taken to maintain constant all variables known to affect rolling-element fatigue life. The longest lives at 150 deg F were obtained with AISI 52100. Ten-percent lives of the other materials ranged from 7 to 78 percent of that obtained with 52100. A trend is indicated toward decreased rolling-element fatigue life with increased total weight percent of alloying elements. Three groups of 120-mm bore ball bearings made from AISI M-1, AISI M-50, and WB-49 were fatigue tested at an outer-race temperature of 600 deg F. The 10-percent lives of the M-50 and M-1 bearings exceeded the calculated AFBMA life by factors of 13 and 6, respectively. The bearings with WB-49 races showed lives less than AFBMA life. The results of the bearing tests at 600 deg F correlate well with the results of the five-ball fatigue data at 150 deg F.

Applications of vibro-acoustic measurement and analysis in conjunction with tribological parameters to assess surface fatigue wear developed in the roller-bearing system

2021 ◽  
pp. 135065012098246
Author(s):  
Shashikant Pandey ◽  
Muniyappa Amarnath
Keyword(s):  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Stribeck Curve ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Surface Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Bearing System

Rolling-element bearings are the most commonly used components in all rotating machinery. The variations in the operating conditions such as an increase in the number of operating cycles, load, speed, service temperature, and lubricant degradation result in the development of various defects such as pitting, spalling, scuffing, scoring, etc. The defects that appeared on rolling contact surfaces cause surface deterioration and change in the vibration and sound levels of the bearing system. The present experimental investigations are aimed at assessing the surface fatigue wear that appears on the contact surfaces of roller bearings. The studies considered the estimation of specific film thickness, analysis of surface fatigue wear developed on the rolling-element surfaces, surface roughness analysis, grease degradation analysis using Fourier transform infrared radiation, and vibration and sound signal measurement and analysis. The results obtained from the experimental investigation provide a good correlation between surface wear, vibration, and sound signals with a transition in the lubrication regimes in the Stribeck curve.

scholarly journals Rolling Wear of Silicon Nitride Bearing Materials

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Lucek
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Bearing Materials

Rolling-contact fatigue test methods were used to measure the wear performance of several silicon nitride materials. Sintered, hot pressed and hot isostatically pressed materials exhibited wear rates ranging over three orders of magnitude. Hot isostatically pressed materials had the lowest wear rates. Despite the disparity in wear performance, all materials tested had useful rolling-contact fatigue lives compared to steel. Fatigue life estimates, failure modes, and rolling wear performance for theses ceramics are compared to M-50 steel. This work highlights the rapid contact stress reductions that occur due to conformal wear in rolling-contact fatigue testing. Candidate bearing materials with unacceptably high wear rates may exhibit useful fatigue lives. Rolling contact bearing materials must possess useful wear and fatigue resistance. Proper performance screening of candidate bearing materials must describe the failure mode, wear rate, and the fatigue life. Guidelines for fatigue testing methods are proposed.

Finite Element Analysis of the Rolling Contact Fatigue Life of Railcar Wheels

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 1461-1466
Author(s):  
Byeong Choon Goo ◽  
Jung Won Seo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Railway Vehicles ◽  
Contact Fatigue Life

Railcar wheels and axles belong to the most critical components in railway vehicles. The service conditions of railway vehicles have been more severe in recent years due to speed-up. Therefore, a more precise evaluation of railcar wheel life and safety has been requested. Wheel/rail contact fatigue and thermal cracks due to braking are two major mechanisms of the railcar wheel failure. One of the main sources influencing on the contact zone failure is residual stress. The residual stress in wheels formed during heat treatment in manufacturing changes in the process of braking. Thus the fatigue life of railcar wheels should be estimated by considering both thermal stress and rolling contact. Also, the effect of residual stress variation due to manufacturing process and braking process should be included in simulating contact fatigue behavior. In this paper, an evaluation procedure for the contact fatigue life of railcar wheels considering the effects of residual stresses due to heat treatment, braking and repeated contact load is proposed. And the cyclic stressstrain history for fatigue analysis is simulated by finite element analysis for the moving contact load.

scholarly journals Effect of Ni3Sn4 on the Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Life of Solder Joints in 3D IC

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Su-Juan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Fe Simulation ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Bonding Time ◽  
3D Integration ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue ◽  
Tlp Bonding

In this article, the 3D integration with Ni/Sn/Ni joints was conducted using transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding (250°C, 0.2 N) with different bonding time. After TLP bonding, plane-type Ni3Sn4 intermetallic compound (IMC) was observed, and when the bonding time is 180 min, complete Ni3Sn4 was found. The diffusion coefficient D was determined to be 32.4 μm2/min. Based on the finite element (FE) simulation, the results demonstrated that the shear stress and equivalent creep strain increased obviously with an increase in the IMC thickness; the results calculated show that the IMC thickness impacts the fatigue life of solder joints significantly, and the fatigue life decreases notably with an increase in the Ni3Sn4 thickness.

Research on the Approach for the Assessment of Subsurface Rolling Contact Fatigue Damage

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 845-851
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Qin ◽  
Da Le Sun ◽  
Li Yang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Critical Stresses ◽  
Orthogonal Shear Stress

In this paper, the distribution of different critical stresses, which were used in previous correlation articles for the assessment of subsurface rolling contact fatigue damage, was analyzed. The rationality of orthogonal shear stress was selected as the key stress controlling the subsurface rolling contact fatigue damage was clarified. Base on the linear fatigue damage accumulative theory and the modification equation for the range of asymmetrical stress, the influence of friction on subsurface rolling contact fatigue damage was studied. The results show that the subsurface orthogonal shear stress is a completely symmetrical stress when the friction coefficient is zero, while it is an asymmetrical stress with considering the friction. The stress ratio of subsurface orthogonal shear stress and subsurface rolling contact fatigue damage is increased with the increasing of friction.

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