Long-Life Base Load Service at 1600 F Turbine Inlet Temperature

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Starkey
Keyword(s):  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Accurate Temperature ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Accurate Temperature Control ◽  
Base Load

Design considerations required for base load long-life service at turbine inlet temperature above 1600 F are discussed. These include control of combustion profile, air cooling of the first-stage nozzle, long-shank turbine buckets, accurate air and fuel distribution, and accurate temperature control.

Analysis of Integrated Cooling Systems for Gas Turbine Power Plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed El-Damaty ◽  
Mohamed Gadalla
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Compact Size

With the current increase in electricity consumption and energy demand, most of the research focus is shifted towards the means of increasing the power plants efficiency in order to produce more electricity by using as less fuel as possible. Gas turbine power plants specifically have been under the study in the recent years due to its feasibility, low capital cost, simple design, compact size and higher efficiency compared to steam turbine power plants. There are a lot of operating conditions that affect the performance of the gas turbine which includes the inlet air climatic conditions, mass flow rate and the turbine inlet temperature. Many improvements and enhancements became applicable through the advancement in the material and cooling technologies. Cooling techniques could be used to cool the inlet air entering the compressor by utilizing evaporative coolers and mechanical chillers, and to cool the turbine blades in order to avoid a decline in the life of turbine blades due to unwanted exposure to thermal stresses and oxidation. Internal convection cooling, film cooling and transpiration cooling are the three main techniques that can be used in the process of turbine blades cooling. The main objective of this proposal is to improve the durability and performance of gas turbine power plants by proposing the usage of integrated system of solid desiccant with Maisotsenko cooler in the turbine blade cooling and inlet air cooling processes. Four configurations were presented and the results were an increase in the efficiency of the gas turbine cycle for all the cases specially the two stage Maisotsenko desiccant cooling system where the efficiency increased from 33.33% to 34.17% as well as maintaining the turbine inlet temperature at a desired level of 1500°K.

Design and Development of a Convective Air-Cooled Turbine and Test Facility

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
W. F. Weatherwax
Keyword(s):  
Axial Flow ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Engine Thrust ◽  
Turbine Inlet

Demands for higher jet engine thrust-to-weight ratios to satisfy the needs for high Mach number and vertical take-off aircraft are continually increasing. Since World War II, the three-fold increase in thrust-to-weight ratio can be attributed almost entirely to the development of lightweight construction and the axial-flow compressor, and little credit can be given to the meager 200-F increase in turbine-inlet temperature. Increasing turbine-inlet temperature, beyond present-day material limits of 1600-1700 F, by convective air cooling, will increase the jet-engine thrust-to-weight ratio and will markedly improve the performance of the turboprop and bypass engines. The partial results of a program undertaken by the author’s company to develop a fully cooled, flight-type, turbine and test facility are reported. The design heat-transfer considerations are discussed, the test facility described, and performance results to date are given.

Experimental Results of a Transpiration-Cooled Turbine Operated in an Engine for 150 Hours at 2500 F Turbine Inlet Temperature

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lombardo ◽  
S. L. Moskowitz ◽  
S. A. Schnure
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Supersonic Aircraft ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Long Life

A key element in the development of gas turbine powerplants for advanced subsonic and supersonic aircraft is the ability to operate at turbine inlet temperatures significantly above the 1600–1800 F limit of today. This limit is imposed by the fact that current materials available for use in turbines exhibit inadequate strength and oxidation characteristics above 1600–1800 F. Certain metals such as molybdenum, chromium, tungsten and other high-melting-point alloys show good strength properties at temperatures far above which conventional super alloys are useful in turbines. However, these materials lack either the ductility or oxidation resistance necessary for turbine components. A means of realizing the gains possible by operating turbines at high turbine inlet temperatures is through cooling of the highly stressed turbine components. The necessity of reliable and efficient turbine operation for periods of long life in an environment of gas temperatures above the actual melting temperatures of the materials requires that effective means of cooling the blades be developed. The authors discuss the design of transpiration air cooled turbines as a means of operating engines at gas temperatures of 2500 F and higher, utilizing available turbine materials which are limited to metal temperatures between 1600 and 1800 F. The technique utilized in fabricating transpiration air cooled turbine blades is discussed. The results of operating a full-scale J65 engine, modified to incorporate a single-stage turbine fitted with transpiration air cooled blades, for 150 hr at 2500 F turbine inlet temperature are presented.

Combined First and Second-Law Analysis of Gas Turbine Cogeneration System With Inlet Air Cooling and Evaporative Aftercooling of the Compressor Discharge

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 1004-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khaliq ◽  
K. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Turbine Inlet

A conceptual gas turbine based cogeneration cycle with compressor inlet air cooling and evaporative aftercooling of the compressor discharge is proposed to increase the cycle performance significantly and render it practically insensitive to seasonal temperature fluctuations. Combined first and second-law approach is applied for a cogeneration system having intercooled reheat regeneration in a gas turbine as well as inlet air cooling and evaporative aftercooling of the compressor discharge. Computational analysis is performed to investigate the effects of the overall pressure ratio rp, turbine inlet temperature (TIT), and ambient relative humidity φ on the exergy destruction in each component, first-law efficiency, power-to-heat ratio, and second-law efficiency of the cycle. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that exergy destruction in various components of the cogeneration cycle is significantly affected by overall pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature, and not at all affected by the ambient relative humidity. It also indicates that the maximum exergy is destroyed during the combustion process, which represents over 60% of the total exergy destruction in the overall system. The first-law efficiency, power-to-heat ratio, and second-law efficiency of the cycle significantly vary with the change in the overall pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature, but the change in relative humidity shows small variations in these parameters. Results clearly show that performance evaluation based on first-law analysis alone is not adequate, and hence, more meaningful evaluation must include second-law analysis. Decision makers should find the methodology contained in this paper useful in the comparison and selection of advanced combined heat and power systems.

Field and Laboratory Evaluations of Commercial and Next-Generation Alumina-Forming Austenitic Foil for Advanced Recuperators

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Pint ◽  
Sebastien Dryepondt ◽  
Michael P. Brady ◽  
Yukinori Yamamoto ◽  
Bo Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
New Class ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Testing

Alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) steels represent a new class of corrosion- and creep-resistant austenitic steels designed to enable higher temperature recuperators. Field trials are in progress for commercially rolled foil with widths over 39 cm. The first trial completed 3000 hrs in a microturbine recuperator with an elevated turbine inlet temperature and showed limited degradation. A longer microturbine trial is in progress. A third exposure in a larger turbine has passed 16,000 hrs. To reduce alloy cost and address foil fabrication issues with the initial AFA composition, several new AFA compositions are being evaluated in creep and laboratory oxidation testing at 650–800 °C and the results compared to commercially fabricated AFA foil and conventional recuperator foil performance.

Influence of Turbine Inlet Temperature on the Efficiency of Externally Fired Gas Turbines

2014 ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Eduardo Batista de Mello ◽  
Sérgio Scuotto ◽  
Fernando dos Santos Ortega ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Bolognesi Donato
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet
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