Generalizing the Analysis of Shoe-Type Brake-Clutch Systems

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Offner
Keyword(s):  
Type Systems ◽  
Resultant Force ◽  
Graphical Representations ◽  
Average Pressure ◽  
Pressure Function ◽  
Force Center ◽  
Representations Of Relationships

The equations used in the analysis of asymmetrically pivoted shoe-type brake-clutch systems are derived. The equations include the pressure function, average pressure, torque, energizing effect, and parameters for locating the resultant force center. These equations are shown to be valid also in the analysis of both symmetrically pivoted and “floating” shoe type systems as well as short shoe systems, thus providing the designer with one set of equations that can be used for these common types of shoes used in brake-clutch systems. A table summarizing derived equations is given and typical graphical representations of relationships are shown.

Sem Examinations of Glass Knives

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Resultant Force ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Edge Chipping ◽  
Surface Flaws ◽  
Edge Defects ◽  
Microscopic Surface

There are two types of edge defects common to glass knives as typically prepared for microtomy purposes: 1) striations and 2) edge chipping. The former is a function of the free breaking process while edge chipping results from usage or bumping of the edge. Because glass has no well defined planes in its structure, it should be highly resistant to plastic deformation of any sort, including tensile loading. In practice, prevention of microscopic surface flaws is impossible. The surface flaws produce stress concentrations so that tensile strengths in glass are typically 10-20 kpsi and vary only slightly with composition. If glass can be kept in compression, wherein failure is literally unknown (1), it will remain intact for long periods of time. Forces acting on the tool in microtomy produce a resultant force that acts to keep the edge in compression.

Effects of activated carbon on treatment of photo-processing waste by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binle Lin ◽  
K. Futono ◽  
A. Yokoi ◽  
M. Hosomi ◽  
A. Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Adsorption Effect ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Establishing economic treatment technology for safe disposal of photo-processing waste (PW) has most recently become an urgent environmental concern. This paper describes a new biological treatment process for PW using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in conjunction with activated carbon (AC). Batch-type acclimation and adsorption experiments using SOB/PAC, SOB/PNAC, and SOB reactor type systems demonstrated that AC effectively adsorbs the toxic/refractory compounds which inhibit thiosulfate oxidization of SOB in PW. Thus, to further clarify the effect of AC, we performed a long-term (≈ 160 d) continuous-treatment experiment on 4- to 8-times dilution of PW using a SOB/GAC system which simulated a typical wastewater treatment system based on an aerobic activated sludge process that primarily uses acclimated SOB. The thiosulfate load and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were fixed during treatment such that they ranged from 0.8-3.7 kg S2O32-/l/d and 7.7-1.9 d, respectively. As expected, continuous treatment led to breakthrough of the adsorption effect of GAC. Renewing the GAC and continuing treatment for about 10 d demonstrated good treatment effectiveness.

MEDICAL CYBERNETICS AND BIOMECHANICS: THIRD TYPE SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Es'kov ◽  
◽  
V. V. Grigorenko ◽  
N. B. Nazina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Systems

Visualization of Enneper’s surface by line graphics

Filomat ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Velickovic
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Surface ◽  
Graphical Representations ◽  
Lines Of Curvature ◽  
Geodesic Lines

Here we study Enneper?s minimal surface and some of its properties. We compute and visualize the lines of self-intersection, lines of intersections with planes, lines of curvature, asymptotic and geodesic lines of Enneper?s surface. For the graphical representations of all the results we use our own software for line graphics.

Proof Theory of the Cut Rule

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. B. Cockett ◽  
R. A. G. Seely
Keyword(s):  
Proof Theory ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Basic Component ◽  
Graphical Representations ◽  
Mathematical Language ◽  
Basic Logic ◽  
Cut Rule ◽  
Structural Rules ◽  
The One ◽  
Categorical Semantics

This chapter describes the categorical proof theory of the cut rule, a very basic component of any sequent-style presentation of a logic, assuming a minimum of structural rules and connectives, in fact, starting with none. It is shown how logical features can be added to this basic logic in a modular fashion, at each stage showing the appropriate corresponding categorical semantics of the proof theory, starting with multicategories, and moving to linearly distributive categories and *-autonomous categories. A key tool is the use of graphical representations of proofs (“proof circuits”) to represent formal derivations in these logics. This is a powerful symbolism, which on the one hand is a formal mathematical language, but crucially, at the same time, has an intuitive graphical representation.

scholarly journals Pure patterns type systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Barthe ◽  
Horatiu Cirstea ◽  
Claude Kirchner ◽  
Luigi Liquori
Keyword(s):  
Type Systems

Existence of traveling waves in Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–type systems on a 2D–lattice

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462
Author(s):  
Sergiy Mykolayovych Bak ◽  
Galyna Mykolayivna Kovtonyuk
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Type Systems

Capillary pressure, osmotic pressure and bubble contact areas in foams

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Höhler ◽  
Jordan Seknagi ◽  
Andrew Kraynik
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Average Pressure ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
The Difference

The capillary pressure of foams and emulsions is the difference between the average pressure in the dispersed phase and the pressure in the continuous phase.

scholarly journals Effect of Distal Tibial Varus and Valgus Deformity on Tibiotalar Joint Contact

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0025
Author(s):  
Zhao Hong-Mou
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Tibiotalar Joint ◽  
Force Center ◽  
Fibular Osteotomy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Group A

Category: Ankle; Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: To study the effect of different degrees of distal tibial varus and valgus deformities on the tibiotalar joint contact, and to understand the role of fibular osteotomy. Methods: Eight cadaveric lower legs were used for biomechanical study. Nine conditions were included: normal ankle joint (group A), 10° varus (group B), 5° varus (group C), 5° valgus (group D), 10° valgus (group E) with fibular preserved, and 10° varus (group F), 5° varus (group G), 5° valgus (group H), and 10° valgus (group I) after fibular osteotomy. The joint contact area, contact pressure, and peak pressure were tested; and the translation of contact force center was observed. Results: The joint contact area, contact pressure, and peak pressure had no significant difference between group A and groups B to E (P>0.05). After fibular osteotomy, the contact area decreased significantly in groups F and I when compared with group A (P<0.05); the contact pressure increased significantly in groups F, H, and I when compared with group A (P<0.05); the peak pressure increased significantly in groups F and I when compared with group A (P<0.05). There were two main anterior-lateral and anterior-medial contact centers in normal tibiotalar joint, respectively; and the force center was in anterior-lateral part, just near the center of tibiotalar joint. While the fibula was preserved, the force center transferred laterally with increased varus angles; and the force center transferred medially with increased valgus angles. However, the force center transferred oppositely to the medial part with increased varus angles, and laterally with increased valgus angles after fibular osteotomy. Conclusion: Fibular osteotomy facilitates the tibiotalar contact pressure translation, and is helpful for ankle joint realignment in suitable cases.

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