Axisymmetric, Nonidentical, Flat Face Flanges With Metal-to-Metal Contact Beyond the Bolt Circle

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Waters ◽  
R. W. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Metal Contact ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Account Interaction

A method of analyzing a pair of nonidentical, axisymmetric flat face flanges with metal-to-metal contact beyond the bolt circle is described. The design method takes into account interaction between opposing flanges in a bolted closure and provides for compatibility of deformations of all elements comprising the closure. The case of a blind cover to an integral flange having a hub of uniform thickness is described in detail. However, the same analytical approach can be extended to cover a tapered, hubbed flange or the general situation where a reducing flange is substituted for the blind cover.

Flat Face Flanges With Metal-to-Metal Contact Beyond the Bolt Circle

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Metal Contact ◽  
Uniform Thickness

A method of designing flat face flanges with metal-to-metal contact beyond the bolt circle is described. The design method takes into account the interaction between shell and flange and provides for continuity at the flange-shell junction. Weld neck flanges, where the hub is of uniform thickness, and flange rings welded directly to a shell are discussed in detail, however, the same analytical approach can be extended to include tapered, hubbed flanges. Although the approach is fundamentally rigorous, sophisticated analyses have been omitted in favor of making the method useful to most engineering design offices.

Acoustic Radiation of Axially Stepped-Thickness Piezoelectric Cylindrical Shells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ata Meshkinzar ◽  
Ahmed M. Al-Jumaily
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Cylindrical Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
Thickness Shell

In this work, a new design method is proposed to intensify the focused acoustic field generated inside a circular cylindrical piezoelectric transducer. The proposed design incorporates a stepped-thickness piezoelectric transducer which has thickness variations along the length. The location of these steps are identified based on the mode shape analysis of a uniform-thickness tube. Once the step locations are identified, two cases are considered with internal and external steps. Acoustic radiation characteristics and mode shapes are compared with the uniform-thickness shell. All the investigations are performed using ANSYS. An increase in the sound pressure level is obtained utilizing the stepped-thickness tube at the same input power.

scholarly journals Stability plate with longitudinal constructive discontinuity

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Snezana Mitic ◽  
Ratko Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Elastic Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Thin Plate Theory ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Thickness

The influence of longitudinal constructive discontinuity on the stability of the plate in the domain of elastic stability is solved based on the classical thin plate theory. The constructive discontinuities divide the plate into fields of different thickness. The plate has two opposite edges simply supported while the other two edges can take any combination of free, simply supported and clamped conditions. The Levy method is used for the solution of the problem of stability, with the aim of developing an analytical approach when researching the stability of plates with longitudinal constructive discontinuities and also with the aim of obtaining exact solutions for plates with non-uniform thickness. The exact solutions for stability presented herein are very valuable as they may serve as benchmark results for researches in this area.

scholarly journals Design of Adjustable Square-Shaped 2D IIR Filters

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Matei
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Partial Functions ◽  
Analytical Design ◽  
Iir Filters ◽  
Prototype Filter ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
2D Filter ◽  
Zero Phase

This paper proposes an analytical design method for two-dimensional square-shaped IIR filters. The designed 2D filters are adjustable since their bandwidth and orientation are specified by parameters appearing explicitly in the filter matrices. The design relies on a zero-phase low-pass 1D prototype filter. To this filter a frequency transformation is next applied, which yields a 2D filter with the desired square shape in the frequency plane. The proposed method combines the analytical approach with numerical approximations. Since the prototype transfer function is factorized into partial functions, the 2D filter also will be described by a factorized transfer function, which is an advantage in implementation.

scholarly journals Constructal Design Applied to the Geometric Evaluation of a T-Shaped Earth-Air Heat Exchanger

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217
Author(s):  
Gerusa C. Rodrigues ◽  
Giulio Lorenzini ◽  
Lucas C. Victoria ◽  
Igor S. Vaz ◽  
Luiz A.O. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Search Technique ◽  
Constructal Design ◽  
Reference Installation ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Straight Duct

An Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) is a device that consists of one or more buried ducts through which air is forced to flow. The surrounding soil is responsible for enabling thermal exchanges along with the installation, making the temperature at the outlet milder than the inlet. The objective of this work is to ally a numerical-analytical approach with the Constructal Design method and Exhaustive Search technique to minimize the soil volume occupation (V), minimize the air flow pressure drop (PD), and maximize the thermal potential (TP) of a T-shaped EAHE. Starting from a conventional EAHE composed of a straight duct, called Reference Installation (RI), two degrees of freedom (DOF) were considered: the ratio between the length of the bifurcated branch and the length of the main branch (L1/L0) and the ratio between the diameter of the bifurcated branch and the diameter of the main branch (D1/D0). Comparing with RI, different T-shaped EAHE geometries were identified to reduce V by 23% and PD by 62% and to increase TP by 21%; and when these three performance parameters were concomitantly considered another T-shaped EAHE geometric configuration allowed to reach an improvement of around 27% when compared with the RI.

Bolted Flange Joints With Full Face Gaskets: An Analytical Approach Based on Flexibility

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Hakim Bouzid ◽  
Hichem Galai
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Elastic Interaction ◽  
Bolted Joints ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Load Change ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Full Face ◽  
Bolted Flange

The low leakage performance of flanges with full face gaskets is attributed to the reliability of the design method used in Appendix 2 and Appendix Y of the ASME code in assessing accurately the bolt and gasket load changes. The prediction of tightness of these bolted joints relies very much on the level of precision of the gasket contact stress during operation. The evaluation of this stress requires a flexibility analysis of the joint including the flange the gasket and bolt and the interaction between them. This paper analyses the distribution of gasket stress and the load change in bolted joints with full face gaskets. It proposes a simple analytical approach capable of predicting flange rotation and bolt load change during operation. The method is based on the gasket-bolt-flange elastic interaction, including flange rotational flexibility. The proposed model is supported by comparison with numerical FEA of different size flanges.

Disappearance Voltage Determinations Using a Convergent Beam

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
W. L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Rocking Curve ◽  
Crystal Perfection ◽  
Kikuchi Line ◽  
Central Maximum ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Beam Technique

Disappearance voltages for second order reflections can be determined experimentally in a variety of ways. The more subjective methods, such as Kikuchi line disappearance and bend contour imaging, involve comparing a series of diffraction patterns or micrographs taken at intervals throughout the disappearance range and selecting that voltage which gives the strongest disappearance effect. The estimated accuracies of these methods are both to within 10 kV, or about 2-4%, of the true disappearance voltage, which is quite sufficient for using these voltages in further calculations. However, it is the necessity of determining this information by comparisons of exposed plates rather than while operating the microscope that detracts from the immediate usefulness of these methods if there is reason to perform experiments at an unknown disappearance voltage.The convergent beam technique for determining the disappearance voltage has been found to be a highly objective method when it is applicable, i.e. when reasonable crystal perfection exists and an area of uniform thickness can be found. The criterion for determining this voltage is that the central maximum disappear from the rocking curve for the second order spot.

Comparison of Techniques for EELS Mapping in Biology

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
S.B. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Array Detectors ◽  
Transmission Electron

Elemental mapping of biological specimens by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) can be carried out both in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), and in the energy-filtering transmission electron microscope (EFTEM). Choosing between these two approaches is complicated by the variety of specimens that are encountered (e.g., cells or macromolecules; cryosections, plastic sections or thin films) and by the range of elemental concentrations that occur (from a few percent down to a few parts per million). Our aim here is to consider the strengths of each technique for determining elemental distributions in these different types of specimen.On one hand, it is desirable to collect a parallel EELS spectrum at each point in the specimen using the ‘spectrum-imaging’ technique in the STEM. This minimizes the electron dose and retains as much quantitative information as possible about the inelastic scattering processes in the specimen. On the other hand, collection times in the STEM are often limited by the detector read-out and by available probe current. For example, a 256 x 256 pixel image in the STEM takes at least 30 minutes to acquire with read-out time of 25 ms. The EFTEM is able to collect parallel image data using slow-scan CCD array detectors from as many as 1024 x 1024 pixels with integration times of a few seconds. Furthermore, the EFTEM has an available beam current in the µA range compared with just a few nA in the STEM. Indeed, for some applications this can result in a factor of ~100 shorter acquisition time for the EFTEM relative to the STEM. However, the EFTEM provides much less spectral information, so that the technique of choice ultimately depends on requirements for processing the spectrum at each pixel (viz., isolated edges vs. overlapping edges, uniform thickness vs. non-uniform thickness, molar vs. millimolar concentrations).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document