On Foulkes Mechanism in Portal Frame Design for Alternative Loads

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Programming Formulation ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Minimum Weight Design ◽  
Frame Design ◽  
Portal Frame ◽  
Linear Programming Formulation ◽  
Weight Design ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Minimum-weight design of a portal frame for alternative loadings is discussed. A linear programming formulation is used. The concept of Foulkes mechanism as the necessary and sufficient condition for optimum is generalized for this class of problems.

Optimum Plastic Design of a Portal Frame for Alternative Loads

1967 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 772-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Prager
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Minimum Weight Design ◽  
Plastic Design ◽  
Portal Frame ◽  
Weight Design

Minimum-weight design of a portal frame for alternative combinations of horizontal and vertical loads is discussed. It is shown that the usual proof of the existence of a Foulkes mechanism as a necessary condition for minimum weight cannot be carried over to this problem.

A Proposed Framework Emphasizing Auditor Reliability over Auditor Independence

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Taylor ◽  
F. Todd DeZoort ◽  
Edward Munn ◽  
Martha Wetterhall Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
The Public ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

This paper introduces an auditor reliability framework that repositions the role of auditor independence in the accounting profession. The framework is motivated in part by widespread confusion about independence and the auditing profession's continuing problems with managing independence and inspiring public confidence. We use philosophical, theoretical, and professional arguments to argue that the public interest will be best served by reprioritizing professional and ethical objectives to establish reliability in fact and appearance as the cornerstone of the profession, rather than relationship-based independence in fact and appearance. This revised framework requires three foundation elements to control subjectivity in auditors' judgments and decisions: independence, integrity, and expertise. Each element is a necessary but not sufficient condition for maximizing objectivity. Objectivity, in turn, is a necessary and sufficient condition for achieving and maintaining reliability in fact and appearance.

The Power of Public Positions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Kantian account of political authority holds that the state is a necessary and sufficient condition of our freedom. We cannot be free outside the state, Kantians argue, because any attempt to have the “acquired rights” necessary for our freedom implicates us in objectionable relations of dependence on private judgment. Only in the state can this problem be overcome. But it is not clear how mere institutions could make the necessary difference, and contemporary Kantians have not offered compelling explanations. A detailed analysis is presented of the problems Kantians identify with the state of nature and the objections they face in claiming that the state overcomes them. A response is sketched on behalf of Kantians. The key idea is that under state institutions, a person can make claims of acquired right without presupposing that she is by nature exceptional in her capacity to bind others.

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