Fracture of Defects Approaching a Free Surface

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Gibbons ◽  
W. R. Andrews ◽  
G. A. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Surface Stress ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Fracture Characteristics ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Measured Strain

A testing program has been run using off-centered-cracked (OCC) plate specimens to demonstrate the fracture characteristics of tunnel defects in specimens with various ligament lengths between the near surface crack tip and a free surface. Measured strain values and the fracture results compared favorably with theory up to the limits of the analyses. An empirical equation which calculates the near surface stress intensity provides extended calculational capabilities. In addition, fatigue crack growth and fracture velocities plus fracture toughness were measured for a Cr-Mo-V steel.

Development of Surface Crack Analysis Program and its Application to Some Practical Problems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Shiratori ◽  
Masaki Nagai ◽  
Naoki Miura
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Fatigue Crack Propagation ◽  
Surface Crack ◽  
Surface Stress ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Paris Law

The authors have developed a software system called “SCANP™” by which users can analyze residual lives of surface-cracked structural components such as pressure vessels and their piping systems due to fatigue or SCC. The basic concept is based upon an influence function method by which the stress intensity factor “K” of a surface crack can be calculated for arbitrarily distributed surface stresses on the cracked surface. The authors and his group have developed a great number of database of “Kij”, the influence coefficient of the stress intensity factor, for many different types of surface-cracked structural components. The database is installed into the SCANP and the K-values for one of these cracks against an arbitrarily distributed surface stress can be calculated easily through the algorithm of superposition of the surface stress and the corresponding Kij data. The fatigue crack propagation can be simulated by integrating the Paris’ law, and it is easy to estimate the residual fatigue lives up to the leakage. Further, residual lives due to SCC, stress corrosion cracking, can be simulated by following the algorithm described in the JSME Standard. In this paper it is demonstrated how the SCANP works by applying it to some practical industrial problems such as fatigue crack and SCC crack propagations into welded residual stress field, and fatigue crack propagation initiated from double-surface cracks. In the latter case the simulation was compared with the experimental results in order to evaluate the validity of the developed system. It was found that the scatter of the material data describing the Paris’ law is far larger than the errors in estimating K-values, and therefore, the choice of these material data is very important when a user wants to use this program effectively. In order to use the developed program correctly, the authors have organized “SCANP User Meeting” where only the members can use the program. In the User Meeting the users give presentations about how they applied SCANP to analyze practical problems, and discuss about the validity of the modeling, and the computed results. In this paper some of these activities will be described, and the problem of verification, validation and uncertainty quantification is discussed.

scholarly journals Turbulent oscillating channel flow subjected to a free-surface stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 095101 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kramer ◽  
H. J. H. Clercx ◽  
V. Armenio
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Surface Stress

Fatigue Crack Growth of Alloy 7050-T7451 Plate in L-S Orientation

2012 ◽  
Vol 525-526 ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Rui Bao ◽  
Xiao Chen Zhao ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Jian Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Crack Growth Rate ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor Range ◽  
Constant Amplitude ◽  
Stress Ratios

Experiments have been conducted to investigate the crack growth characteristics of 7050-T7451 aluminium plate in L-S orientation. Two loading conditions are selected, i.e. constant amplitude and constant stress intensity factor range (ΔK). The effects of ΔK-levels and stress ratios (R) on crack splitting are studied. Test data shows that crack splitting could result in the reverse of crack growth rate trend with the increasing R ratio at high ΔK-level. The appearance of crack splitting depends on both ΔK and R.

Effective Modeling of Fatigue Crack Growth in Pipelines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Polasik ◽  
Carl E. Jaske
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Mechanics Model ◽  
Key Variables

Pipeline operators must rely on fatigue crack growth models to evaluate the effects of operating pressure acting on flaws within the longitudinal seam to set re-assessment intervals. In most cases, many of the critical parameters in these models are unknown and must be assumed. As such, estimated remaining lives can be overly conservative, potentially leading to unrealistic and short reassessment intervals. This paper describes the fatigue crack growth methodology utilized by Det Norske Veritas (USA), Inc. (DNV), which is based on established fracture mechanics principles. DNV uses the fracture mechanics model in CorLAS™ to calculate stress intensity factors using the elastic portion of the J-integral for either an elliptically or rectangularly shaped surface crack profile. Various correction factors are used to account for key variables, such as strain hardening rate and bulging. The validity of the stress intensity factor calculations utilized and the effect of modifying some key parameters are discussed and demonstrated against available data from the published literature.

High Dense Compressive Residual Stress Produced in Laser Shock Processing on Ti6Al4V Alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1617-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Dong Ren ◽  
Yong Kang Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhong Zhou ◽  
Yong Yu Gu ◽  
Y.Y. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Surface Stress ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
Laser Shock Processing ◽  
Large Spot ◽  
Small Spot ◽  
Shock Processing

Laser shock processing (LSP) employs high-energy laser pulses from a solid-state laser system to create intense shock waves into a material, which can induce compressive residual stresses in the target surface and improve its mechanical property efficiency. Residual stress of Ti6Al4V alloy both before and after LSP with multishocks was analysised. The depth of compressive residual stress was found to have a dependence on the number of shocking layers and a slight dependence on the level of irradiance. Surface stress improvements of more than 50% increases are possible after laser shock processing with either large spot or small spot patterns. The large spot gave a surface stress of 432MPa and a depth of over 1mm. The low intensity small spot gave a surface stress of 285MPa with a depth comparable to the large spot. Laser shock processing induces a compressive residual stress field, which increases fatigue crack initiation life and reduces fatigue crack growth rate.

scholarly journals Studies of Fracture Toughness in Concretes Containing Fly Ash and Silica Fume in the First 28 Days of Curing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski ◽  
Damian Marek Gil
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Critical Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Cement Binder ◽  
Mineral Additives

This paper presents the results of the fracture toughness of concretes containing two mineral additives. During the tests, the method of loading the specimens according to Mode I fracture was used. The research included an evaluation of mechanical parameters of concrete containing noncondensed silica fume (SF) in an amount of 10% and siliceous fly ash (FA) in the following amounts: 0%, 10% and 20%. The experiments were carried out on mature specimens, i.e., after 28 days of curing and specimens at an early age, i.e., after 3 and 7 days of curing. In the course of experiments, the effect of adding SF to the value of the critical stress intensity factor—KIcS in FA concretes in different periods of curing were evaluated. In addition, the basic strength parameters of concrete composites, i.e., compressive strength—fcm and splitting tensile strength—fctm, were measured. A novelty in the presented research is the evaluation of the fracture toughness of concretes with two mineral additives, assessed at an early age. During the tests, the structures of all composites and the nature of macroscopic crack propagation were also assessed. A modern and useful digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to assess macroscopic cracks. Based on the conducted research, it was found the application of SF to FA concretes contributes to a significant increase in the fracture toughness of these materials at an early age. Moreover, on the basis of the obtained test results, it was found that the values of the critical stress intensity factor of analyzed concretes were convergent qualitatively with their strength parameters. It also has been demonstrated that in the first 28 days of concrete curing, the preferred solution is to replace cement with SF in the amount of 10% or to use a cement binder substitution with a combination of additives in proportions 10% SF + 10% FA. On the other hand, the composition of mineral additives in proportions 10% SF + 20% FA has a negative effect on the fracture mechanics parameters of concretes at an early age. Based on the analysis of the results of microstructural tests and the evaluation of the propagation of macroscopic cracks, it was established that along with the substitution of the cement binder with the combination of mineral additives, the composition of the cement matrix in these composites changes, which implies a different, i.e., quasi-plastic, behavior in the process of damage and destruction of the material.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document