Discussion: “Contributions to the Influence of Retained Austenite Content in Steels on the Temperature Stability of Boundary Lubricant Layers in Friction” (Matveevsky, R. M., Sinaisky, V. M., and Buyanovsky, I. A., 1975, ASME J. Lubr. Technol., 97, pp. 512–515)

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-515
Author(s):  
S. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Boundary Lubricant

Contributions to the Influence of Retained Austenite Content in Steels on the Temperature Stability of Boundary Lubricant Layers in Friction

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Matveevsky ◽  
V. M. Sinaisky ◽  
I. A. Buyanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Lubricant Layer ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Boundary Lubricant

The results of investigations by various authors on the influence of retained austenite on seizure are briefly considered. Using as an example the investigation of the critical temperature of mineral oil in the friction of alloyed steels, it is shown that the temperature of destruction of the lubricant layer appreciably depends on the nature and content of the alloying elements and doe not strictly depend on the retained austenite content in the surface layer of steel specimens. Certain questions are considered—the influence of the contact geometry on the determination of the critical temperature in conditions of boundary lubrication, and the expediency of using austenite steel for investigating the temperature stability of lubricant layers.

Heat Treatment Effects on Distortion, Residual Stress, and Retained Austenite in Carburized 4320 Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 692-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clark ◽  
Randy J. Bowers ◽  
Derek O. Northwood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Residual Stress ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
The Difference

The effects of heat treatment on distortion, residual stress, and retained austenite were compared for case-carburized 4320 steel, in both the austempered and quench-and-tempered condition. Navy C-ring samples were used to quantify both size and shape distortions, as well as residual stress. The austempering heat treatment produced less distortion and a higher surface residual stress. Both hoop and axial stresses were measured; the difference between them was less than seven percent in all cases. Depth profiles were obtained for residual stress and retained austenite from representative C-ring samples for the austempered and quench-and-tempered heat treatment conditions. Austempering maintained a compressive residual stress to greater depths than quench-and-tempering. Quench-and-tempering also resulted in lower retained austenite amounts immediately beneath the surface. However, for both heat treatments, the retained austenite content was approximately one percent at depths greater than 0.5 mm.

Effects of Sequential Cuts on White Layer Formation and Retained Austenite Content in Hard Turning of AISI52100 Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ming Zhang ◽  
Xin-Da Huang ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Jürgen Leopold ◽  
Han Ding
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
White Layer ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
White Layer Thickness ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Sequential Cuts ◽  
White Layer Formation

This technical brief is the extension of our previous work developed by Zhang et al. (2016, “Effects of Process Parameters on White Layer Formation and Morphology in Hard Turning of AISI52100 Steel,” ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 138(7), p. 074502). We investigated the effects of sequential cuts on microstructure alteration in hard turning of AISI52100 steel. Samples undergone five sequential cuts are prepared with different radial feed rates and cutting speeds. Optical microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are employed to analyze the microstructures of white layer and bulk materials after sequential cutting processes. Through the studies we first find out the increasing of white layer thickness in the sequential cuts. This trend in sequential cuts does work for different process parameters, belonging to the usually used ones in hard turning of AISI52100 steel. In addition, we find that the white layer thickness increases with the increasing of cutting speed, as recorded in the literature. To reveal the mechanism of white layer formation, XRD measurements of white layers generated in the sequential cuts are made. As a result retained austenite in white layers is identified, which states that the thermally driven phase transformations dominate the white layer formation, rather than the severe plastic deformation in cuts. Furthermore, retained austenite contents in sequential cuts with different process parameters are discussed. While using a smaller radial feed rate, the greater retained austenite content found in experiments is attributed to the generated compressive surface residual stresses, which possibly restricts the martensitic transformation.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of High-Strength Quenching-Partitioning-Tempering Martensitic Steel at Elevated Temperatures

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Maoyuan Zhu ◽  
Bitong Lan ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Martensitic Steel ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
High Deformation ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Relationship

High-strength medium-carbon martensitic steel was heat treated through a quenching-partitioning-tempering (Q-P-T) treatment. Both the mechanism for improved ductility and the high temperature stability of austenite were investigated. The Q-P-T martensitic steel showed good products of strength and elongation (PSE) at various deformation temperatures ranging within 25–350 °C. The optimum PSE value (>57,738 MPa%) was achieved at 200 °C. The microstructure of the Q-P-T steel is constituted of laths martensite with dislocations, retained austenite located within lath martensite and small niobium carbides (NbC), and/or transitional ε-carbides that precipitated in the lath martensite. The good ductility can be mainly attributed to the laminar-like austenite that remained within the lath-martensite. The austenite can effectively enhance ductility through the effect of dislocation absorption by the retained austenite and through transformation-induced plasticity. The relationship between the microstructures and mechanical properties was investigated at high deformation temperatures.

scholarly journals Wear Resistance of High C High Si Steel with Low Retained Austenite Content and Kinetically Activated Bainite

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Podgornik ◽  
Mihael Brunčko ◽  
Peter Kirbiš
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Surrounding Matrix ◽  
Aisi D2 ◽  
Wear Mode

A novel high C high Si carbide free bainitic steel was developed for the production of cold work tools, knives, and rolls, requiring high hardness, toughness, as well as abrasive/adhesive wear resistance and resistance to galling at low costs. The steel was tribologically tested in dry sliding conditions under abrasive and adhesive wear mode, facilitated by using alumina and bearing steel ball as a counter-material, respectively. It was determined that carbide dissolution occurs under high contact pressures, thereby enriching the surrounding matrix with carbon and locally increasing the retained austenite content. The high retained austenite at the sliding interface increases the steels work hardening capacity and promotes superior wear resistance when compared to much more alloyed cold work tool steel, such as AISI D2. The steel has a high resistance to galling as determined by sliding against a soft steel bar due to its chemical composition.

scholarly journals Examination of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Wear of Tool Steels

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Enikő Réka Fábián ◽  
László Tóth ◽  
Csenge Huszák
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Residual Austenite ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Primary Carbides ◽  
Matrix Hardness ◽  
Multiple Tempering

Abstract The microstructure of the investigated X153CrMoV12 grade tool steel in delivered condition consisted of spheroidal matrix and primary carbides. The primary carbides were not dissolved under austenitisation time on either 1030°C or 1070°C. The microstructure and abrasion resistance of the steel changed due to quenching from different austenitisation temperatures. After conventional quenching from the higher austenitising temperature, there is more residual austenite in the steel than at quenching from the lower austenitisation temperature, which decreased the wear resistance. As a result of quenching from 1070°C followed by a multiple tempering process around 500 to 540°C, the retained austenite content is reduced and finely dispersed carbides are precipitated in the matrix, resulting in a higher matrix hardness and an increased wear resistance. After cryogenic treatment, the residual austenite content decreases compared to the conventional process, which leads to an increase in hardness and wear resistance.

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