Effect of Polymer Additives on Jet Cavitation

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Polymer Solutions ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Cavitation Inception ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Polymer Fluid ◽  
Water Value ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Drag Reducing Polymer

Cavitation in a fluid jet discharged under the surface of a similar fluid was studied using water and dilute solutions of poly(ethylene oxide), a drag-reducing polymer. The addition of a few parts-per-million of poly(ethylene oxide) to the fluid reduced the cavitation-inception index to about one-half the pure-water value. Upstream turbulence increased the cavitation inception index with water but had little effect on cavitation inception with polymer solutions. The viscosity, air content, nuclei number, and tensile strength of the polymer fluid was found to be essentially the same as water, and the surface tension lowered; hence an explanation of the reduced cavitation-inception index observed in polymer solutions must be sought in the changed fluid dynamics of the polymer jet. Photographs of polymer jets discharging in air are presented to aid in the explanation.

A Photographic Study of Cavitation in Jet Flow

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hoyt ◽  
J. J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Jet Flow ◽  
Polymer Additives ◽  
Cavitation Inception ◽  
Cavitation Bubbles ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Drag Reducing Polymer ◽  
Small Bubbles

The effect of polymer additives on underwater jet cavitation has been studied using a special camera. Solutions of the drag-reducing additives, polyacrylamide and poly(ethylene oxide), at concentrations of 25 ppm, decreased the cavitation inception index and greatly changed the appearance of the cavitation bubbles. Solutions of the non drag-reducing polymer, Carbopol, produced cavitation bubbles having the same appearance on pure water and did not change the inception index. In pure water, the cavitation appearance resembles ragged groups of small bubbles with the overall impression of sharpness and roughness, but in drag-reducing polymer solutions the bubbles are larger, rounded, and of completely different appearance.

On the development of a proton conducting solid polymer electrolyte using poly(ethylene oxide)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 1870-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Patra ◽  
Anand B. Puthirath ◽  
Thazhe Veettil Vineesh ◽  
Sreekanth Narayanaru ◽  
Bhaskar Soman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Polymer Membrane ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene

An inexpensive proton conducting solid polymer membrane is developed and its efficacy towards pure water electrolysis is demonstrated, which conventional membranes cannot achieve.

The Structure of Radiation Cross-Linked Poly (ethylene oxide) Gels

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
C. E. Cluthe ◽  
G. G. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Free Radical Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Initial Viscosity

Aqueous solutions of a 1 weight-per cent poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) were degassed under vacuum, transferred to a parallel plate viscometer under a nitrogen gas blanket, and exposed to Co60 gamma radiation. The Co60 source was rated at 4000 curies, and the dose ratewas 3.8x105 rads/hr. The poly (ethylene oxide) employed in the irradiations had an initial viscosity average molecular weight of 2.1 x 106.The solutions were gelled by a free radical reaction with dosages ranging from 5x104 rads to 4.8x106 rads.

Preparation of Organized Mesoporous Silica from Sodium Metasilicate Solutions in Alkaline Medium Using Nonionic Surfactants

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2019-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Zukalová ◽  
Jiří Rathouský ◽  
Arnošt Zukal
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Structure Directing Agent ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A new procedure has been developed, which is based on homogeneous precipitation of organized mesoporous silica from an aqueous solution of sodium metasilicate and a nonionic poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant serving as a structure-directing agent. The decrease in pH, which induces the polycondensation of silica, is achieved by hydrolysis of ethyl acetate. Owing to the complexation of Na+ cations by poly(ethylene oxide) segments, assembling of the mesostructure appears to occur under electrostatic control by the S0Na+I- pathway, where S0 and I- are surfactant and inorganic species, respectively. As the complexation of Na+ cations causes extended conformation of poly(ethylene oxide) segments, the pore size and pore volume of organized mesoporous silica increase in comparison with materials prepared under neutral or acidic conditions. The assembling of particles can be fully separated from their solidification, which results in the formation of highly regular spherical particles of mesoporous silica.

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