National Strategic Crude Oil Storage in the Weeks Island Dome Salt Mine—Part II: Rock Mechanics Evaluation

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
L. L. Van Sambeek ◽  
F. D. Hansen ◽  
P. F. Gnirk ◽  
M. Ashraf Mahtab
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Rock Mechanics ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Strategic Petroleum Reserve ◽  
Strength And Deformation ◽  
Mine Workings

This paper, the second in a series of two, presents the results of a rock mechanics evaluation of the Weeks Island dome salt mine. The purpose of the evaluation was to assess the structural stability of the old mine workings in conjunction with a proposed new deeper mine level during the use of the facility for the long-term storage of crude oil under the Federal Energy Administration’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program. The scope of the work involved laboratory testing of the strength and deformational characteristics of the rock salt; determination of a minimum web (or sill) thickness between the old workings (within which crude oil would be stored) and a proposed new mine level development below; and assessment of the effects of crude oil emplacement and withdrawal on the mine stability, as related to both the old workings and the proposed new mine level development. The finite element results, wherein use was made of the strength and deformation properties of the salt from the laboratory tests, indicated that a minimum sill thickness of 90 m (300 ft) should be maintained between the old mine workings and the new level development. Furthermore, the emplacement and withdrawl of crude oil from the old workings will have little influence on pillar and sill stabilities for the entire mine, including the proposed lower level development. The only noticeable effect could, perhaps, be obtained in the creep rate due to changing stress conditions.

National Strategic Crude Oil Storage in the Weeks Island Dome Salt Mine—Part I: Geotechnical Evaluation

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
M. A. Mahtab ◽  
D. W. Lamb ◽  
L. L. Van Sambeek ◽  
J. D. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Geotechnical Evaluation ◽  
Term Storage

This paper, the first in a series of two, presents the results of a geotechnical evaluation of the Weeks Island dome salt mine. The purpose of the evaluation was to confirm the suitability of the underground facility for the long-term storage of crude oil under the Federal Energy Administration’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program. The Weeks Island mine, currently operated by the Morton Salt Company, is located in a salt dome on the Gulf Coast south of New Iberia, Louisiana. The mine has two levels of workings, at depths of approximately 185 and 245 m (600 and 800 ft) with development by the room-and-pillar mining technique. Geologic features of interest within the mine include zones of vertical banding and folding, shear zones, and blowouts. Field testing indicated that the salt mass is, for all intents and purposes, impermeable. Brine and oil leaks and gas seeps were examined and thought to be localized phenomena that did not affect mine stability and should not affect crude oil containment. The 23-m- (75-ft-) high pillars are generally intact with minor to severe spalling, generally in older areas of the mine. The mine roof exhibits no signs of distress or failure. Based on the overall results of the geotechnical and rock mechanics evaluations, the existing salt mine facility at Weeks Island was certified as suitable for the long-term storage of crude oil.

Reinforcement Effect of Vibration Replacement Stone Column Test in Test Pile Area for One Crude Oil Business Reserve Base

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 1922-1932
Author(s):  
Shun Xiang Meng ◽  
Shi Ming Xiao ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Qian Kun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Composite Foundation ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Stone Column ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Foundation Treatment ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Foundation Pile

The crude oil storage tank foundation is always treated by using vibration replacement stone column composite foundation treatment, mainly to improve the engineering properties of foundation soil and the deformation properties of soil, improving the bearing capacity of composite foundation, and to ensure the normal use of tank in the superstructure loads from damage or excessive deformation. Before construction to carry out the vibration replacement stone column composite foundation pile test, the test shows that strengthening the foundation bearing capacity characteristic value of vibration replacement stone column can meet the design requirements.

Geotechnical study of an abandoned limestone mine for crude oil storage

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-590
Author(s):  
W. F. Bawden ◽  
D. R. McCreath
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bulk Oil ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Structurally Stable ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Geotechnical Studies ◽  
Key Questions

The Ironton limestone mine in southern Ohio lies at a depth of approximately 150 m below the surface within the limestones of the Maxville (Mississippian) Formation. The mine was abandoned in 1970 after 60 years of operation. In 1976, the Federal Energy Administration awarded a contract to evaluate the potential of the mine for the storage of crude oil as a part of the U.S. Strategic Oil Storage Program. The paper reviews the geotechnical studies that were undertaken to assess the key questions of whether or not containment of the oil could be assured, and whether or not the mine would remain structurally stable over the life of the storage project.Piezometric data obtained from drilling investigations confirmed that the Maxville limestone, and the over- and underlying formations, were fully saturated. Although some lowering of piezometric levels had occurred over the mine workings, the measured hydrostatic pressures and calculated gradients were found to be sufficiently high to provide positive oil and vapor containment.Based upon in-mine mapping and simple computations, the stability of the mine was determined to be acceptable. It was concluded that bulk oil storage at Ironton mine is technically feasible with minimal costs for remedial geotechnical work.

Treating crude oil storage tank sludge by catalytic process and recovering valuable hydrocarbons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalesh Gupta ◽  
Arun Kumar Jana ◽  
Mousumi Chakraborty ◽  
Parimal A. Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Catalytic Process ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Storage Tank

CHARACTERIZATION OF SLUDGE WAXES FROM CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS HANDLING OFFSHORE CRUDE

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Fazal ◽  
R. Rai ◽  
G.C. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage

The mechanical behavior of the Kettle Point oil shale

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice B. Dusseault ◽  
Matthias Loftsson ◽  
David Russell
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Brazilian Test ◽  
Point Load Strength ◽  
Triaxial Strength ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Strength And Deformation ◽  
Oil Shales

Samples of eastern black shale (Kettle Point oil shales, Ontario) were subjected to extensive mineralogical and geomechanical tests. We prove that the mineralogy, as measured by the ratio of quartz to illite, controls strength and deformation properties, and the organic material plays no significant role. The reason is that increasing clay content dilutes the rigid quartz–quartz grain contacts that are responsible for the high strengths and stiff behavior. Tests of temperature effects on point load strength of another low organic content oil shale confirm that organic matter is not important to mechanical properties in matrix-supported shales. Key words: shale, mineralogy, Brazilian test, triaxial strength, organic content, slake durability, thermogravimetry.

scholarly journals Water Curtain System Pre-design for Crude Oil Storage URCs: A Numerical Modeling and Genetic Programming Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 813-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Ghotbi Ravandi ◽  
Reza Rahmannejad ◽  
Saeed Karimi-Nasab ◽  
Amir Sarrafi ◽  
Amir Raoof
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Water Curtain ◽  
Oil Storage

scholarly journals Lowering uncertainty in crude oil measurement by selecting optimized envelope color of a pipeline

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord ◽  
Alireza Rasekh ◽  
Morteza Saadat ◽  
Amin Nabati
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Measured Volume

Lowering uncertainty in crude oil volume measurement has been widely considered as one of main purposes in an oil export terminal. It is found that crude oil temperature at metering station has big effects on measured volume and may cause big uncertainty at the metering point. As crude oil flows through an aboveground pipeline, pick up the solar radiation and heat up. This causes the oil temperature at the metering point to rise and higher uncertainty to be created. The amount of temperature rise is depended on exterior surface paint color. In the Kharg Island, there is about 3 km distance between the oil storage tanks and the metering point. The oil flows through the pipeline due to gravity effects as storage tanks are located 60m higher than the metering point. In this study, an analytical model has been conducted for predicting oil temperature at the pipeline exit (the metering point) based on climate and geographical conditions of the Kharg Island. The temperature at the metering point has been calculated and the effects of envelope color have been investigated. Further, the uncertainty in the measurement system due to temperature rise has been studied.

scholarly journals Activated Flooded Jets and Immiscible Layer Technology Help to Remove and Prevent the Formation of Bottom Sediments in the Oil Storage Tanks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgii V. Nesyn
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Screw Propeller ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Tank Bottom

Two flooded jet methods of tank bottom sediments caving based on either screw propeller generation or nozzle jets generated with entering crude head oppose each other. The comparison is not advantageous for the first one. Exceptionally if crude oil contains some concentration of high molecular weight polymer which can perform Drag Reduction. In this case, the jet range increases by many times, thus, upgrading the capability of caving system. Preventing the sedimentation of crude oil heavy components may be put into practice with Immiscible Layer Technology. Before filling the tank with crude oil, some quantity of heavy liquid, that is immiscible with all the components of crude oil, is poured into the tank. The most suitable/fit for purpose and available liquid is glycerin. Neither paraffin and resins, nor asphaltenes can penetrate through the glycerin layer to settle down at the tank bottom because of its density, which is equal to 1.26 g/cm3. Instead, sediments are concentrated at/on the glycerin surface and when it is heated in external heat exchanger all the sediments ought to move upwards with the convection streams. Thus, no deteriorate sediment is formed in the tank bottom.

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