Status Report on Closed-Cycle Power Plants in the Federal Republic of Germany

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bammert ◽  
G. Groschup
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Special Items ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Residential Quarters ◽  
Oil Gas

In recent years the constructors as well as the users of municipal and industrial power plants have shown a rising interest in the closed-cycle gas turbine. Because of its ability to deliver a large amount of heat without restrictions to the electric power generation, the closed-cycle gas turbine is most favorably qualified for central district heating of large residential quarters. In this paper these aspects of the closed-cycle will be illustrated in the frame of five closed air turbine plants, being in operation in the FRG. The layout of and the operation experience gained with these plants will be discussed. These municipal and industrial power plants are fueled by coal, oil, gas, or even mixtures of these. The special items in the layout of the heaters with respect to the different fuels are shown; the perspectives for further design are discussed.

Operating Experiences and Measurements on Turbo Sets of CCGT-Cogeneration Plants in Germany

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bammert
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Heating Networks

Five closed-cycle gas turbine cogeneration plants have been built and commissioned in the Federal Republic of Germany. In all cases the working fluid was air. The facilities were designed as cogeneration plants to supply electricity as well as heat to electrical and heating networks. Each of the plants accumulated more than 100,000 operating hours. One of them, which has exceeded 160,000 hours of operation, is still working. An account has already been given of the experience with the air heaters of these plants, which were fired with coal, oil, gas, or combinations of these. This paper records the experience obtained with the turbo sets.

Operating Experience and Design Features of Closed Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plants

1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Keller
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Design Features ◽  
The Usa

This paper is the author’s third progress report in the USA on the AK-closed cycle gas turbine.

Closed Cycle Gas Turbines: An ECAS Update — Part 1

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Daudet ◽  
C. A. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Study Results

This paper presents a discussion of the significant results of a study program conducted for the Department of Energy to evaluate the potential for closed cycle gas turbines and the associated combustion heater systems for use in coal fired public utility power plants. Two specific problem areas were addressed: (a) the identification and analysis of system concepts which offer high overall plant efficiency consistent with low cost of electricity (COE) from coal-pile-to-bus-bar, and (b) the identification and conceptual design of combustor/heat exchanger concepts compatible for use as the cycle gas primary heater for those plant systems. The study guidelines were based directly upon the ground rules established for the ECAS studies to facilitate comparison of study results. Included is a discussion of a unique computer model approach to accomplish the system analysis and parametric studies performed to evaluate entire closed cycle gas turbine utility power plants with and without Rankine bottoming cycles. Both atmospheric fluidized bed and radiant/convective combustor /heat exchanger systems were addressed. Each incorporated metallic or ceramic heat exchanger technology. The work culminated in conceptual designs of complete coal fired, closed cycle gas turbine power plants. Critical component technology assessment and cost and performance estimates for the plants are also discussed.

The Nuclear Gas Turbine: Towards Realization After Half a Century of Evolution

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Furnace Gases ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Space Power Systems

This paper has been written exactly 50 years after the first disclosure of a closed-cycle gas turbine concept with a simplistic uranium heater. Clearly, this plant was ahead of its time in terms of technology readiness, and the closed-cycle gas turbine was initially deployed in a cogeneration mode burning dirty fuels (e.g., coal, furnace gases). In the 1950s through the mid 1980s about 20 of these plants operated providing electrical power and district heating for European cities. The basic concept of a nuclear gas turbine plant was demonstrated in the USA on a small scale in 1961 with a mobile closed-cycle nitrogen gas turbine [330 KW(e)] coupled with a nuclear reactor. In the last three decades, closed-cycle gas turbine research and development, particularly in the U.S. has focused on space power systems, but today the utility size gas turbine-modular helium reactor (GT-MHR) is on the verge of being realized. The theme of this paper traces the half century of closed-cycle gas turbine evolution, and discusses the recent enabling technologies (e.g., magnetic bearings, compact recuperator) that now make the GT-MHR close to realization. The author would like to dedicate this paper to the late Professor Curt Keller who in 1935 filed the first closed-cycle gas turbine patent in Switzerland, and who exactly 50 years ago, first described a power plant involving the coupling of a helium gas turbine with a uranium heater.

Applying Combined Pinch and Exergy Analysis to Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine System Design

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Dhole ◽  
J. P. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Pinch Technology

Pinch technology has developed into a powerful tool for thermodynamic analysis of chemical processes and associated utilities, resulting in significant energy savings. Conventional pinch analysis identifies the most economical energy consumption in terms of heat loads and provides practical design guidelines to achieve this. However, in analyzing systems involving heat and power, for example, steam and gas turbines, etc., pure heat load analysis is insufficient. Exergy analysis, on the other hand, provides a tool for heat and power analysis, although at times it does not provide clear practical design guidelines. An appropriate combination of pinch and exergy analysis can provide practical methodology for the analysis of heat and power systems. The methodology has been successfully applied to refrigeration systems. This paper introduces the application of a combined pinch and exergy approach to commercial power plants with a demonstration example of a closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) system. Efficiency improvement of about 0.82 percent (50.2 to 51.02 percent) can be obtained by application of the new approach. More importantly, the approach can be used as an analysis and screening tool for the various design improvements and is generally applicable to any commercial power generation facility.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic and Techno-Economic Analyses of a Combined Cycle Power Plant With a Simple Cycle Gas Turbine, the Bottoming Air Turbine Cycle and the Reverse Brayton Cycle

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Shnaid
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Economic Analyses

The modem combined cycle power plants achieved thermal efficiency of 50–55% by applying bottoming multistage Rankine steam cycle. At the same time, the Brayton cycle is an attractive option for a bottoming cycle engine. In the author’s US Patent No. 5,442,904 is described a combined cycle system with a simple cycle gas turbine, the bottoming air turbine Brayton cycle, and the reverse Brayton cycle. In this system, air turbine Brayton cycle produces mechanic power using exergy of gas turbine exhaust gases, while the reverse Brayton cycle refrigerates gas turbine inlet air. Using this system, supercharging of gas turbine compressor becomes possible. In the paper, thermodynamic optimization of the system is done, and the system techno-economic characteristics are evaluated.

scholarly journals Performance Analyses and Evaluation of Co2 and N2 as Coolants in a Recuperated Brayton Gas Turbine Cycle for a Generation IV Nuclear Reactor Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Osigwe ◽  
Arnold Gad-Briggs ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis ◽  
Pericles Pilidis ◽  
Suresh Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Reactor Power ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

Abstract As demands for clean and sustainable energy renew interests in nuclear power to meet future energy demands, generation IV nuclear reactors are seen as having the potential to provide the improvements required for nuclear power generation. However, for their benefits to be fully realized, it is important to explore the performance of the reactors when coupled to different configurations of closed-cycle gas turbine power conversion systems. The configurations provide variation in performance due to different working fluids over a range of operating pressures and temperatures. The objective of this paper is to undertake analyses at the design and off-design conditions in combination with a recuperated closed-cycle gas turbine and comparing the influence of carbon dioxide and nitrogen as the working fluid in the cycle. The analysis is demonstrated using an in-house tool, which was developed by the authors. The results show that the choice of working fluid controls the range of cycle operating pressures, temperatures, and overall performance of the power plant due to the thermodynamic and heat properties of the fluids. The performance results favored the nitrogen working fluid over CO2 due to the behavior CO2 below its critical conditions. The analyses intend to aid the development of cycles for generation IV nuclear power plants (NPPs) specifically gas-cooled fast reactors (GFRs) and very high-temperature reactors (VHTRs).

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