A Two-Temperature, Gas-Particle Suspension in MHD Power Generation

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Helfritch ◽  
W. A. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Particle Temperature ◽  
Thermionic Emission ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Particle Suspension ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Mhd Generator ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Two Temperature

A feasibility study has been made of the use of a two-temperature, gas-particle suspension as the conducting medium in MHD generators. Large gas-particle temperature differences following nozzle expansions have been calculated, and the power generated by the use of these suspensions in MHD generator ducts has been investigated. Although relatively low gas temperatures have been considered, high electrical conductivities can be achieved by means of thermionic emission of electrons from high temperature particles. It is shown that total output power increases as gas temperature is decreased by means of continued nozzle expansion. Output power is also increased through the use of relatively large particles.

Microscale electrostatic energy harvester using internal impacts

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1409-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuong P Le ◽  
Einar Halvorsen ◽  
Oddvar Søråsen ◽  
Eric M Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Inertial Mass ◽  
Electrostatic Energy ◽  
Mass Motion ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Impact Device ◽  
Reference Device ◽  
The Impact

This article presents a new concept for electrostatic energy harvesting devices that increase output power under displacement limited inertial mass motion at sufficiently large acceleration amplitudes. The concept is illustrated by two demonstrated electrostatic energy harvesting prototypes in the same die dimension: a reference device with end-stops and an impact device with movable end-stops functioning as slave transducers. Both devices are analyzed and characterized in small and large excitation regimes. We found that significant additional energy from the internal impact force can be harvested by the slave transducer. The impact device gives much higher, up to a factor of 3.7, total output power than the reference device at the same high-acceleration amplitude. The bandwidth of the response to frequency sweeps is beneficially enlarged by up to a factor of 20 by the nonlinear mechanisms of the impact device.

Effect of the Gas Temperature of a High-Power Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser on Calculated Small Signal Gain and Output Power

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (Part 1, No. 4A) ◽  
pp. 1867-1873
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Fukuda ◽  
Sanichiro Yoshida ◽  
Hiroshi Ohue ◽  
Takeshi Tomizawa ◽  
Tomoo Fujioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
High Power ◽  
Small Signal Gain ◽  
Small Signal ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Iodine Laser ◽  
Signal Gain ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser

scholarly journals Development of Cultured Muscles with Tendon Structures for Modular Bio-Actuators

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Takuto Nomura ◽  
Masaru Takeuchi ◽  
Eunhye Kim ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
Yasuhisa Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Total Output Power ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Micro Robot ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Robot Body

In this article, we propose a new actuator named the modular bio-actuator (MBA). The MBA has two tendon structures made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at both ends of the bio-actuator. The MBA can be easily handled and fixed on an artificial micro-robot body to increase its design flexibility and output power. The tendon structures were connected to a bio-actuator in the form of a chain structure, and the connection between the tendon structures and the bio-actuator was maintained for more than three weeks. The contraction length of the MBA was linearly increased when the DC voltage applied to the MBA was increased. The MBA contracted over 200 µm when a DC voltage of 10 V and 1 Hz was applied to the bio-actuator. The output power of the MBA was measured using a PDMS cantilever, and the total output power of the MBA increased linearly when multiple MBAs were stacked on a PDMS cantilever. This study was aimed at improving the design flexibility and controllability of micro-robots and bionic systems.

Solar Concentration of 50,000 Achieved With Output Power Approaching 1 kW

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jenkins ◽  
R. Winston ◽  
J. Bliss ◽  
J. O’Gallagher ◽  
A. Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Total Output ◽  
National Renewable Energy Laboratory ◽  
Total Output Power ◽  
Electric Power Generation ◽  
New Device ◽  
The Future

We have achieved a 50,000 ± 3,000 times concentration of sunlight using a unique dielectric nonimaging concentrator in an experiment performed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The scale of the experiment is several times larger than that of previous experiments. Total output power approaching 1 kW passes through a 4.6 mm diameter aperture. An extractor tip is added to the concentrator profile which allows measurement of flux levels using an air calorimeter. This new device has the potential to allow the use of dielectric concentrators at larger scale for thermal electric power generation. We report on the implications of this experiment for the future use of dielectric concentrators.

scholarly journals An Experimental and Comparative Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal Khan ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Khan ◽  
Ali Hussain Kazim ◽  
Aqsa Shabir ◽  
Fahid Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Thermoelectric Modules ◽  
Pv Module

The majority of incident solar irradiance causes thermalization in photovoltaic (PV) cells, attenuating their efficiency. In order to use solar energy on a large scale and reduce carbon emissions, their efficiency must be enhanced. Effective thermal management can be utilized to generate additional electrical power while simultaneously improving photovoltaic efficiency. In this work, an experimental model of a hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric generation (PV-TEG) system is developed. Ten bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric modules are attached to the rear side of a 10 W polycrystalline silicon-based photovoltaic module in order to recover and transform waste thermal energy to usable electrical energy, ultimately cooling the PV cells. The experiment was then carried out for 10 days in Lahore, Pakistan, on both a simple PV module and a hybrid PV-TEG system. The findings revealed that a hybrid system has boosted PV module output power and conversion efficiency. The operating temperature of the PV module in the hybrid system is reduced by 5.5%, from 55°C to 52°C. Due to a drop in temperature and the addition of some recovered energy by thermoelectric modules, the total output power and conversion efficiency of the system increased. The hybrid system’s cumulative output power increased by 19% from 8.78 to 10.84 W, compared to the simple PV system. Also, the efficiency of the hybrid PV-TEG system increased from 11.6 to 14%, which is an increase of 17% overall. The results of this research could provide consideration for designing commercial hybrid PV-TEG systems.

scholarly journals Mathematical model of unsteady gas to solid particles heat transfer in fluidized bed

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Stojiljkovic ◽  
Branislav Stojanovic ◽  
Jelena Janevski ◽  
Gradimir Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Particle Temperature ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The mathematical model of unsteady one-dimensional gas to particles heat transfer for non-isothermal fluidized bed with periodic heating of solid particles has been described. The method of numerical solution of governing differential equations, the algorithm and the computer program, have been presented. By using mathematical model and computer program, the temperature profiles for interstitial gas, gas in bubbles, and solid particles along the height of fluidized bed in function of time, have been determined. The results obtained on the basis of prediction method are compared to the experimental results of the authors; the satisfactory agreement has been found for interstitial gas temperature and solid particle temperature. On the basis of this comparison, the mathematical model has been verified.

scholarly journals Quasi-equilibrium channel model of an constant current arc

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gerasimov ◽  
Alexander Kirpichnikov
Keyword(s):  
Channel Model ◽  
Plasma Generator ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Two Temperature

The rather simple method of calculation of electronic and gas temperature in the channel of arc of plasma generator is offered. This method is based on self-consistent two-temperature channel model of an electric arc. The method proposed enables to obtain radial allocation of gas and electronic temperatures in a non-conducting zone of an constant current arc, for prescribed parameters of discharge (current intensity and power of the discharge), with enough good precision. The results obtained can be used in model and engineering calculations to estimate gas and electronic temperatures in the channel of an arc plasma generator.

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