Sulfur-Dioxide Removal From a Pilot Moving Grate Furnace Stack Gas

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
C. M. Whitten ◽  
R. G. Hagstrom
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Removal ◽  
Stack Gas

Peabody Coal Company, under contract to the National Center for Air Pollution Control, has investigated sulfur-dioxide removal from a pilot moving grate furnace stack gas by the addition of calcium bearing dry additives to the flue gas and to coal before burning. Effects of additive feed rate, residence time, temperature, and particle size on sulfur-dioxide removal were studied, and calcination, calcium-oxide utilization, and additive efficiency were determined.

scholarly journals KEBUTUHAN KARBON AKTIF UNTUK PENGURANGAN DIOKSIN PADA GAS BUANG CEROBONG INSINERATOR PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH DOMESTIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Purwitasari Dewanti ◽  
Anies Ma'rufatin ◽  
Ressy Oktivia ◽  
Reba Anindyajati Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollution Control

Pembentukan dioksin dalam flue gas suatu insinerator untuk pembakaran sampah perkotaan hanya bisa dihilangkan dengan Activated Carbon (AC) atau karbon aktif. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menghitung kebutuhan maksimum dan minimum karbon aktif untuk mengendalikan emisi dioksin dalam flue gas suatu insinerator berkapasitas 100  ton/hari. Metode yang digunakan yaitu menghitung potensi flue gas dari pembakaran. Dari flue gas yang didapatkan, kebutuhan maksimum AC ditetapkan sebesar 200 mg/Nm3 flue gas, dan untuk kebutuhan minimum dihitung berdasarkan efisiensi penyerapan dioksin/furan oleh AC pada berbagai variasi efisiensi absorpsi. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan didapatkan kebutuhan maksimum AC adalah 249,41 kg per hari dan kebutuhan minimum untuk efisiensi absorpsi 90%, 95%, dan 100% masing-masing adalah 8,89 kg, 11,40 kg, dan 215, 47 kg. Apabila dioksin yang dilepas ke udara dengan efisiensi 95% masih berada di bawah baku mutu WHO, maka kebutuhan AC dapat diminimalisir. Jika pada efisiensi absopsi 95% masih belum mencapai baku mutu, maka jumlah AC yang dibutuhkan untuk efiensi 100% menjadi 18,9 kali lebih banyak. Perhitungan kebutuhan AC tersebut akan berlaku apabila kondisi semua peralatan pada sistem Air Pollution Control (APC) dalam insinerator mampu beroperasi secara optimal. Kata kunci: karbon aktif, dioksin, insinerator, sampah domestik

Chlorine Sources, Sinks, and Impacts in WTE Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas J. Themelis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Stack Gas

The principal sources of chlorine in the MSW feed to WTE power plants are food wastes (e.g., wheat, green vegetables, melon, pineapple), yard wastes (leaves, grass, etc.), salt (NaCl), and chlorinated plastics (mostly polyvinyl chloride). Chlorine has important impacts on the WTE operation in terms of higher corrosion rate than in coal-fired power plants, formation of hydrochloric gas that must be controlled in the stack gas to less than the U.S. EPA standard (29 ppm by volume), and potential for formation of dioxins and furans. Past Columbia studies have shown that the chlorine content in MSW is in the order of 0.5%. In comparison, chlorine concentration in coal is about 0.1%; this results in much lower HCl concentration in the combustion gases and allows coal-fired power plants to be operated at higher superheater tube temperatures and thus higher thermal efficiencies. Most of the chlorine output from a WTE is in the fly ash collected in the fabric filter baghouse of the Air Pollution Control system. This study examined in detail the sources and sinks of chlorine in a WTE unit. It is concluded that on the average MSW contains about 0.5% chlorine, which results in hydrogen chloride concentration in the WTE combustion gases of up to 600 parts per million by volume. About 45% of the chlorine content in MSW derives from chlorinated plastics, mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and 55% from salt (NaCl) and chlorine-containing food and yard wastes. An estimated 97–98% of the chlorine input is converted to calcium chloride in the dry scrubber of the Air Pollution Control (APC) system and captured in the fly ash collected in the baghouse; the remainder is in the stack gas at a concentration that is one half of the U.S. EPA standard. Reducing the input of PVC in the MSW stream would have no effect on dioxin formation but would reduce the corrosion rate in the WTE boiler.

Advanced Pollution Control for Gasification of Varied Opportunity Fuels

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Ginger
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gas Conditioning ◽  
Gasification Technology

Advances in gasification technology have opened up a number of commercial opportunities to generate energy from a wide range of non-traditional feed stocks. Gasification technology platforms from a number of providers are in development with the goal of creating modular solutions for supplying the energy needs of local communities, often in solutions as small as 10 to 20 MW increments. Such technologies offer potential project developers the ability to explore local opportunities for fuel supply from a number of sources. These opportunity fuels cover a wide range of potential energy sources as far reaching as recovered plastic, recovered tires, poultry litter, and a wide variety of woody biomass. The syn-gas produced from the gasification of such varied opportunity fuels contains a number of undesired trace components. These components will need to either be removed via gas conditioning, or alternatively be combusted with the syn-gas in an oxidation step which will produce a flue gas requiring air pollution control. Gas conditioning requirements vary depending on the desired end use of the syn-gas whether as a utility quality fuel or as an intermediate to a further chemical pathway. Flue gas target levels are defined by current environmental legislation. The potential pollutants produced in the flue gas pathway include Particulate Matter, Hydrogen Chloride, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfuric Acid Mist, and Oxides of Nitrogen. To ensure operational compliance of the system stack emissions both now and in the future, proper pollution control technology is paramount. This presentation will address an emerging air pollution control technology that embodies all of these removal steps in a single device specifically designed to meet current and expected future environmental needs. EISENMANN’s recently patented multi-pollutant control system, the Wet Electrostatic Precipitator Dual Field or WESP-2F, includes the use of a pre-scrubbing chamber for large PM, SO2, and water soluble NO2 removal. Following the quench and pre-scrubbing region, a specially tuned downflow wet ESP field is responsible for finer PM and Sulfuric Acid aerosol removal, as well as an important Ozone producing stage that oxidizes non-water soluble forms of NOx. As the gas continues to travel through the system, a secondary scrubbing chamber is used to further reduce NOx by scrubbing the newly formed NO2 that has been formed from the oxidation of other forms of NOx through the use of Ozone produced by the electrostatic precipitator. The final polishing stage of the system includes an upflow wet electrostatic precipitator field for the removal of newly oxidized material as well as any heavy metals present. Research and testing on the aforementioned system took place using a pilot sized unit operating a slipstream off a 20 MW commercial sized gasifier testing a number of opportunity fuels. Expected performance was validated proving high removal efficiencies for pollutants specifically addressed earlier. Results from a wide variety of opportunity fuels will be discussed. Current implementation of the technology in gasification projects following the flue gas pathway is underway and is currently viewed as an acceptable solution to the environmental regulations associated with the plant requirements.

Electron-beam flue-gas treatment for multicomponent air-pollution control

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Licki ◽  
A.G. Chmielewski ◽  
E. Iller ◽  
Z. Zimek ◽  
J. Mazurek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Flue Gas Treatment

scholarly journals Identification of NO2 and SO2 Pollution Hotspots and Sources in Jiangsu Province of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3742
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Md. Arfan Ali ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Zhongfeng Qiu ◽  
Alaa Mhawish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
And Control

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are important atmospheric trace gases for determining air quality, human health, climate change, and ecological conditions both regionally and globally. In this study, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), total column nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were used from 2005 to 2020 to identify pollution hotspots and potential source areas responsible for air pollution in Jiangsu Province. The study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and variability of NO2 and SO2, the SO2/NO2 ratio, and their trends, and potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis was performed to identify potential source areas. The spatial distributions showed higher values (>0.60 DU) of annual mean NO2 and SO2 for most cities of Jiangsu Province except for Yancheng City (<0.50 DU). The seasonal analyses showed the highest NO2 and SO2 in winter, followed by spring, autumn, and summer. Coal-fire-based room heating and stable meteorological conditions during the cold season may cause higher NO2 and SO2 in winter. Notably, the occurrence frequency of NO2 and SO2 of >1.2 was highest in winter, which varied between 9.14~32.46% for NO2 and 7.84~21.67% for SO2, indicating a high level of pollution across Jiangsu Province. The high SO2/NO2 ratio (>0.60) indicated that industry is the dominant source, with significant annual and seasonal variations. Trends in NO2 and SO2 were calculated for 2005–2020, 2006–2010 (when China introduced strict air pollution control policies during the 11th Five Year Plan (FYP)), 2011–2015 (during the 12th FYP), and 2013–2017 (the Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control (APPC-AC)). Annually, decreasing trends in NO2 were more prominent during the 12th FYP period (2011–2015: −0.024~−0.052 DU/year) than in the APPC-AC period (2013–2017: −0.007~−0.043 DU/year) and 2005–2020 (−0.002 to −0.012 DU/year). However, no prevention and control policies for NO2 were included during the 11th FYP period (2006–2010), resulting in an increasing trend in NO2 (0.015 to 0.031) observed throughout the study area. Furthermore, the implementation of China’s strict air pollution control policies caused a larger decrease in SO2 (per year) during the 12th FYP period (−0.002~−0.075 DU/year) than in the 11th FYP period (−0.014~−0.071 DU/year), the APPC-AC period (−0.007~−0.043 DU/year), and 2005–2020 (−0.015~−0.032 DU/year). PSCF analysis indicated that the air quality of Jiangsu Province is mainly influenced by local pollution sources.

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