Determination of Fiber Cross-Sectional Circularity From Measurements Made in a Longitudinal View

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Barker ◽  
D. W. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal View ◽  
Made In

A procedure is described for obtaining information concerning the circularity of fiber cross-sections from measurements made in a longitudinal view of the fibers. A method is developed for viewing and measuring the projected diameter of fibers viewed longitudinally, and an analytical procedure is described for analyzing these measurements to determine the flatness or roundness of the fiber cross-sections. Experimentation conducted to test the reliability of these procedures is discussed as these methods are used to measure numerous different samples of fibers of known and varied cross-sectional shapes and sizes.

Gender determination of caucasoid hair using image analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
T.B. Ball ◽  
W.M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences

It has been demonstrated that cross sections of bundles of hair can be effectively studied using image analysis. These studies can help to elucidate morphological differences of hair from one region of the body to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to use image analysis to determine whether morphological differences could be demonstrated between male and female human Caucasian terminal scalp hair.Hair samples were taken from the back of the head from 18 caucasoid males and 13 caucasoid females (Figs. 1-2). Bundles of 50 hairs were processed for cross-sectional examination and then analyzed using Prism Image Analysis software on a Macintosh llci computer. Twenty morphological parameters of size and shape were evaluated for each hair cross-section. The size parameters evaluated were area, convex area, perimeter, convex perimeter, length, breadth, fiber length, width, equivalent diameter, and inscribed radius. The shape parameters considered were formfactor, roundness, convexity, solidity, compactness, aspect ratio, elongation, curl, and fractal dimension.

Design of cold-formed compression web members with periodically varying section properties

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
Serge Parent ◽  
Joseph J Pote ◽  
Kenneth W Neale
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The North ◽  
Stub Column ◽  
Flexural Torsional Buckling ◽  
Open Face

In this paper, a design procedure for cold-formed channels periodically closed on their open face and utilized as joist web members is detailed. The design method for periodically closed sections is based on the representation of the cross-sectional properties using Fourier series introduced in Timoshenko quotients for the determination of the buckling loads about each of the three member axes. Once those loads are computed, they are used in the current framework of the North American Specification for the design of cold-formed structures with appropriate effective length coefficients. The proposed design methodology is compared with test results obtained from 36 stub column samples and 21 full-scale joist specimens, also presented in this paper.Key words: cold-formed struts, periodically varying cross sections, steel joists, flexural–torsional buckling, effective length coefficients.

Experimental Determination of SO2, C2H2, and O2 UV Absorption Cross Sections at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1311-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vattulainen ◽  
L. Wallenius ◽  
J. Stenberg ◽  
R. Hernberg ◽  
V. Linna
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Uv Absorption ◽  
Reference Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Cross ◽  
Deuterium Lamp ◽  
Made In

A heated and pressurized quartz cell with 150.5-mm pathlength was used to experimentally determine UV absorption spectra and further absorption cross sections of SO2, C2H2, and O2 in the wavelength range between 200 and 400 nm. Spectra were recorded at room temperature, and at 600 and 800 °C and at absolute pressures between 1 and 6 bar. A 30-W deuterium lamp was used as a light source, and the light was detected with a photomultiplier tube through a 0.4-m Czerny–Turner monochromator. Slit widths of the monochromator were adjusted to achieve a 5 Å measurement bandwidth, and the scan through the wavelength range was made in 5 Å steps. For each individual temperature and pressure level, a reference spectrum was first recorded with the cell filled with nitrogen. After this, the cell was filled with the selected species mixed with nitrogen, and the absorption spectra were recorded in similar conditions. The studied gas mixtures were calibrated to 3% accuracy.

scholarly journals Arrangement of inner dynein arms in wild-type and mutant flagella of Chlamydomonas.

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D N Mastronarde ◽  
E T O'Toole ◽  
K L McDonald ◽  
J R McIntosh ◽  
M E Porter
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radial Spoke ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Radial Spokes ◽  
Longitudinal View ◽  
Dynein Arms ◽  
Additional Loss

We have used computer averaging of electron micrographs from longitudinal and cross-sections of wild-type and mutant axonemes to determine the arrangement of the inner dynein arms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Based on biochemical and morphological data, the inner arms have previously been described as consisting of three distinct subspecies, I1, I2, and I3. Our longitudinal averages revealed 10 distinguishable lobes of density per 96-nm repeating unit in the inner row of dynein arms. These lobes occurred predominantly but not exclusively in two parallel rows. We have analyzed mutant strains that are missing I1 and I2 subspecies. Cross-sectional averages of pf9 axonemes, which are missing the I1 subspecies, showed a loss of density in both the inner and outer portions of the inner arm. Averages from longitudinal images showed that three distinct lobes were missing from a single region; two of the lobes were near the outer arms but one was more inward. Serial 24-nm cross-sections of pf9 axonemes showed a complete gap at the proximal end of the repeating unit, confirming that the I1 subunit spans both inner and outer portions of the inner arm region. Examination of pf23 axonemes, which are missing both I1 and I2 subspecies, showed an additional loss almost exclusively in the inner portion of the inner arm. In longitudinal view, this additional loss occurred in three separate locations and consisted of three inwardly placed lobes, one adjacent to each of the two radial spokes and the third at the distal end of the repeating unit. These same lobes were absent ida4 axonemes, which lack only the I2 subspecies. The I2 subspecies thus does not consist of a single dynein arm subunit in the middle of the repeating unit. The radial spoke suppressor mutation, pf2, is missing four polypeptides of previously unknown location. Averages of these axonemes were missing a portion of the structures remaining in pf23 axonemes. This result suggests that polypeptides of the radial spoke control system are close to the inner dynein arms.

Analysis of STEM micrographs of thick objects

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
S. Golladay
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Total Cross Sections ◽  
Elastic And Inelastic Scattering

The theory of multiple scattering has been worked out by Groves and comparisons have been made between predicted and observed signals for thick specimens observed in a STEM under conditions where phase contrast effects are unimportant. Independent measurements of the collection efficiencies of the two STEM detectors, calculations of the ratio σe/σi = R, where σe, σi are the total cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering respectively, and a model of the unknown mass distribution are needed for these comparisons. In this paper an extension of this work will be described which allows the determination of the required efficiencies, R, and the unknown mass distribution from the data without additional measurements or models. Essential to the analysis is the fact that in a STEM two or more signal measurements can be made simultaneously at each image point.

A quantitative approach to inner shell losses

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
D.F. Mayers
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Background Intensity ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Cross Section Differential ◽  
Bound Electrons

Microanalysis by EELS has been developing rapidly and though the general form of the spectrum is now understood there is a need to put the technique on a more quantitative basis (1,2). Certain aspects important for microanalysis include: (i) accurate determination of the partial cross sections, σx(α,ΔE) for core excitation when scattering lies inside collection angle a and energy range ΔE above the edge, (ii) behavior of the background intensity due to excitation of less strongly bound electrons, necessary for extrapolation beneath the signal of interest, (iii) departures from the simple hydrogenic K-edge seen in L and M losses, effecting σx and complicating microanalysis. Such problems might be approached empirically but here we describe how computation can elucidate the spectrum shape.The inelastic cross section differential with respect to energy transfer E and momentum transfer q for electrons of energy E0 and velocity v can be written as

Preparation And elemental analysis of ancient fibers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
Allen Angel ◽  
Kathryn A. Jakes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Electron Imaging

Fabrics recovered from archaeological sites often are so badly degraded that fiber identification based on physical morphology is difficult. Although diagenetic changes may be viewed as destructive to factors necessary for the discernment of fiber information, changes occurring during any stage of a fiber's lifetime leave a record within the fiber's chemical and physical structure. These alterations may offer valuable clues to understanding the conditions of the fiber's growth, fiber preparation and fabric processing technology and conditions of burial or long term storage (1).Energy dispersive spectrometry has been reported to be suitable for determination of mordant treatment on historic fibers (2,3) and has been used to characterize metal wrapping of combination yarns (4,5). In this study, a technique is developed which provides fractured cross sections of fibers for x-ray analysis and elemental mapping. In addition, backscattered electron imaging (BSI) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDS) are utilized to correlate elements to their distribution in fibers.

The quantitative comparison of experimental and simulated diffraction contrast images

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Stuart McKernan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Image Simulation ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Simulated Images ◽  
Made In

For many years the concept of quantitative diffraction contrast experiments might have consisted of the determination of dislocation Burgers vectors using a g.b = 0 criterion from several different 2-beam images. Since the advent of the personal computer revolution, the available computing power for performing image-processing and image-simulation calculations is enormous and ubiquitous. Several programs now exist to perform simulations of diffraction contrast images using various approximations. The most common approximations are the use of only 2-beams or a single systematic row to calculate the image contrast, or calculating the image using a column approximation. The increasing amount of literature showing comparisons of experimental and simulated images shows that it is possible to obtain very close agreement between the two images; although the choice of parameters used, and the assumptions made, in performing the calculation must be properly dealt with. The simulation of the images of defects in materials has, in many cases, therefore become a tractable problem.

Profil Penyakit Malaria Di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Rahma Triyana ◽  
Salmi Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

Profil Penyakit Malaria di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Rahma Triyana Y ◽  
Salmi Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

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