Delamination Wear of Dispersion-Hardened Alloys

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Saka ◽  
N. P. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Crack Nucleation ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Oxide Particle ◽  
Ofhc Copper ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
The Matrix

In order to investigate the effect of hard incoherent dispersoids on the sliding wear rate of dispersion-hardened alloys, internally oxidized Cu-Cr and Cu-Si alloys were tested. OFHC copper and oxygen doped OFHC copper were also used to compare their wear properties with dispersion-hardened alloys. The results of unlubricated wear tests at room temperature in the load range 2.22–22.2 N (0.5–5.0 lb) at a sliding speed of 3 × 10−2 m/s show that the wear rate is linearly proportional to the normal load. Hard oxide dispersion strengthened alloys exhibited larger wear rates than the soft OFHC copper. Surface and subsurface observations indicate that wear was primarily due to crack nucleation, propagation, and delamination of wear sheets. The wear resistance of the materials decreased with increase in volume fraction of the oxide even when the hardness was increased. It is concluded that because of the immediate debonding between the matrix and the oxide particle, upon plastic deformation of the matrix, crack propagation is the wear rate controlling mechanism in these internally oxidized metals. The results, which are contrary to the prediction of the adhesion theory of wear, are consistent with the delamination theory.

Al2O3/ADC12 Composites Fabricated by Decomposition-Synthesis Method and their Mechanical Behaviors

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Jiang ◽  
Yu Juan Shi ◽  
Jian Ding ◽  
Chun Bing ◽  
Gao Feng Fu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Unreinforced Alloy ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
The Matrix

Aluminium matrix composites reinforced by Al2O3 particles has been produced by adding NH4AlO(OH)HCO3 into molten ADC12 Al-Si alloy, where the γ-Al2O3 reinforcement particles are formed by decomposing reaction of NH4AlO(OH)HCO3 during stirring. The results show that the Al2O3 particles are distributed more uniformly in the matrix than that by direct adding of Al2O3 particles. Hardness and wear properties have also been examined and the results show that the hardness of the composites increases with increasing volume fraction of the reinforced particles. Wear rate of the composites decreases with increasing volume fraction of the reinforced particles and increases with the applied load. The mechanical properties of the composites prepared by adding of NH4AlO(OH)HCO3 are superior and more wearable than that prepared by direct adding of Al2O3 particles. Wearing mechanism of the surfaces of the unreinforced alloy and composites is dominantly abrasive.

Influence of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube on mechanical and wear properties of Copper – Iron composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7570-7576 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sh. Hammood ◽  
S. S. Irhayyim ◽  
A. Y. Awad ◽  
H. A. Abdulhadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Multiwall Carbon

Multiwall Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are frequently attractive due to their novel physical and chemical characteristics, as well as their larger aspect ratio and higher conductivity. Therefore, MWCNTs can allow tremendous possibilities for the improvement of the necessarily unique composite materials system. The present work deals with the fabrication of Cu-Fe/CNTs hybrid composites manufactured by powder metallurgy techniques. Copper powder with 10 vol. % of iron powder and different volume fractions of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) were mixed to get hybrid composites. The hybrid composites were fabricated by adding 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 vol.% of MWCNTs to Cu- 10% Fe mixture using a mechanical mixer. The samples were compressed under a load of 700 MPa using a hydraulic press to compact the samples. Sintering was done at 900°C for 2 h at 5ºC/min heating rate. The microscopic structure was studied using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The effect of CNTs on the mechanical and wear properties, such as micro-hardness, dry sliding wear, density, and porosity were studied in detail. The wear tests were carried out at a fixed time of 20 minutes while the applied loads were varied (5, 10, 15, and 20 N). SEM images revealed that CNTs were uniformly distributed with relative agglomeration within the Cu/Fe matrix. The results showed that the hardness, density, and wear rates decreased while the percentage of porosity increased with increasing the CNT volume fraction. Furthermore, the wear rate for all the CNTs contents increased with the applied load.

Effect of High Temperature on Wear Behavior of Stir Cast Aluminium/Boron Carbide Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1046
Author(s):  
X. Canute ◽  
M. C. Majumder
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
High Temperature Wear ◽  
The Matrix

AbstractThe need for development of high temperature wear resistant composite materials with superior mechanical properties and tribological properties is increasing significantly. The high temperature wear properties of aluminium boron carbide composites was evaluated in this investigation. The effect of load, sliding velocity, temperature and reinforcement percentage on wear rate was determined by the pin heating method using pin heating arrangement. The size and structure of base alloy particles change considerably with an increase of boron carbide particles. The wettability and interface bonding between the matrix and reinforcement enhanced by the addition of potassium flurotitanate. ANOVA technique was used to study the effect of input parameters on wear rate. The investigation reveals that the load had higher significance than sliding velocity, temperature and weight fraction. The pin surface was studied with a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. Regression analysis revealed an extensive association between control parameters and response. The developed composites can be used in the production of automobile parts requiring high wear, frictional and thermal resistance.

Tribological and thermomechanical analysis of CaO (quicklime) particulates filled ZA-27 alloy composites for bearing application

2015 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Gangwar ◽  
Amar Patnaik ◽  
IK Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Environment Temperature

This research work investigates friction and wears behaviour of CaO filler / particulate reinforced ZA-27 alloy composites. Pin-on-disk tribometer confining to ASTM G 99 standard with EN-31 hardened steel disc was used to simulate the tribological performance experimentally. The tribological parameters were evaluated over a normal load range of 5–45 N, sliding velocity of 1.047–5.235 m/s., sliding distance of 500–2500 m, environment temperature of 25–45℃ and filler content range of 0–10 wt%. The various alloy composites were fabricated under vacuum environment by high-temperature gravity casting technique. The steady-state specific wear rate and coefficient of friction were evaluated under different boundary conditions and thereafter Taguchi design of experiment methodology was adopted to compute the experimental specific wear rate of the proposed alloy composites. The dynamic mechanical analysis and thermo-gravimetric analysis study were also performed in order to observe the thermal characteristics of the composites at higher temperature. Finally, the surface morphology of the worn samples was performed using field-emission scanning electron microscope to understand the wear mechanism prevailed at rubbing surfaces and then atomic force microscopy analysis was studied to evaluate the surface profile of the worn sample. At the end, energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis was also performed to find out the elemental compositions of the worn alloy composites.

Wear Properties of Y-TZP Ceramics Dispersed with Second Phase Particles

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 744-747
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Liang ◽  
Shao Bo Xin ◽  
Xiao Hui Wang ◽  
Zheng Fang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Better Than

The wear properties of ADZ (alumina dispersed in Y-TZP) and MDZ (mullite dispersed in Y-TZP) were investigated by using a ring-on-block tribometer. The results showed that for Y-TZP ceramic, the addition of alumina phase (with 10-20% in mass fraction) leads to an improved wear resistance. With the increase of the normal load, the wear rates of ADZ ceramics increase. Under low and medium normal load (100N and 300N), the wear resistance is controlled by the hardness of ceramics, and under high normal load (500N) the fracture toughness is obviously contributed to the wear resistance of the ceramics. For MDZ ceramic, the wear resistance of 15MDZ (15wt% mullite dispersed in Y-TZP) is better than that of 20 MDZ (20wt% mullite) under the normal load from 100 N to 500 N. The mechanical properties of 15MDZ are worse than that of Y-TZP ceramic, but the wear resistance is enhanced due to the action of “needle roller bearing” of the fractured rod-like mullite particles.

Characteristics of Tribolayers Observed in A356 Al Alloy — SiCP Composite Discs/Brake Pad During Sliding Wear Tests

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Shivamurthy ◽  
M. K. Surappa
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Worn Surface

Tribological characteristics of A356 Al alloy-10 vol. % SiCP composite discs/brake pad has been studied under dry sliding conditions at sliding speeds in the range 2 to 5 m/s and at loads in the range 1–3 MPa. In these tests, disc of Al MMCs and pin of friction pad made of polymer based composite were used. Wear rates of Al MMC disc as calculated by weight loss method, found to be negative at high sliding speed and high load. Worn surface of disc has been analyzed using EDAX. SEM analyses of worn surfaces of composite disc infer transfer of material from pin to the disc resulting in the formation of tribolayers. Two types of tribolayers were observed on the worn surface, one having shiny appearance of copper rich layer and other is dark in colour consisting of Mg, S, Fe, Ba, Ca, Si, Cu, In and Al. In the later layers were rich in copper and appear as bright patchy layers under SEM. Coverage of copper rich layers increase all along and across the worn track at a sliding speed of 4 and 5 m/s in the load range 2 to 3 MPa. Atomic percent of copper increase with load and consequently affect the wear rate of disc. EDAX analysis of dark tribo layers on wear track of composite disc show continuous increase in the amount of Cu and Ba with increase in speed and load. Hence, wear rate of composite discs were relatively low under all test conditions. These results clearly indicate composition of friction material having profound influence on the wear rate of Al MMC discs.

Analytical Study on Wear Interaction between Rail-Wheel

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 2406-2410
Author(s):  
Windarta ◽  
M. Bin Sudin
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Predictive Equation ◽  
Wear Prediction ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Pin On Disc

The interaction between wheel-rail produced defects on each other. Many studies of wear were done using pin-on-disc tribometer on interaction between the wheels – rail. The present paper proposes analytical study on wear. Wear rates were determined using depth of wear prediction on the interaction surfaces between wheel-rail. This prediction has been validated using pin-on-disc experimental technique using normal load of 100 N. The results show that the predictive equation developed can be used to predict the actual wear rate.

Physical and Wear Properties of UHMWPE Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7577-7586 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rajendra Prasad ◽  
J. N. Prakash ◽  
L. H. Manjunath ◽  
P. Venkateshwar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pin On Disc

Usage of synthetic fiber reinforced composites has increased rapidly because of their excellent properties such that it acts as a replacement for metals in the recent days. The physical and wear properties of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric reinforced epoxy composites have been studied in this present work. Using pin-on-disc test rig, dry-sliding wear of test specimens have been tested against disc of EN31 steel material. The plain woven bi-directional 200gsm and 240gsm UHMWPE fabric reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated by hand lay-up method at room temperature. All the tests were conducted as per the Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal-array. The process parameters considered in the present study is load, sliding velocity and sliding time with three levels each. Specific wear rate is considered as the response variable.  Optimization is carried out to find best combination of parameters on specific wear rate.  From the results, it is evident that load has greater influence on specific wear rate than other two considered parameters.  Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was also carried out to examine the matrix distribution over fabric (reinforcement) and also their bonding between reinforcement and matrix.

Study on Friction Wear Properties of Vanadium-Chromium Surface Composite Layer under Dry Sliding Condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 1647-1651
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yong Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Layer Increase

Vanadium-Chromium composite layer is formed on the surface of cast steel by the method of V-EPC cast penetration. The dry sliding friction wear properties of composite layer are studied on MM200 friction wear testing machine in this paper. The wear surface feature of samples is also observed by SEM and the wear mechanism of samples is analyzed. The result has shown that comparing with the matrix, the wear resistance of composite layer is advanced evidently. The wear rate of composite layer is only eighth to matrix. With the increase of load and the decrease of Vanadium iron in penetrating regent, the wear rate of composite layer increase. The mechanism of composite layer is mainly oxidation and fatigue flake produced by the initiation and expansion of crack.

The Mechanical Properties and Friction and Wear Behavior of C/C-SIC

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Wen ◽  
Chongsheng Long ◽  
Tang Rui ◽  
Jiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Sic Composites

Carbon fiber reinforced carbon-silicon carbide composites (C/C-SiC) were prepared by chemical volume infiltration (CVI) method and reaction melt infiltration (RMI) technique of silicon liquid to carbon reinforce carbon matrix composites. The friction and wear behaviors of C/C-SiC composites at various loads and sliding speeds were investigated by MRH-3 block-on-ring tribometer at room temperature under water lubricating conditions. Furthermore, the morphologies, phase of the worn surface and the debris were observed, examined and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDAX) respectively. Experimental results showed that the C/C-SiC composites had a better wear resistence, and the friction coefficient under water lubricated conditions is about 0.02–0.06. The influence of sliding speed on the friction coefficients and the specific wear rate of C/C-SiC is more obvious than that of normal load when the load is less than 200N (inclueded200N). The friction coefficient and the specific wear rate of C/C-SiC decreased as the sliding velocity increased. At the sliding speed higher than 2m/s, the friction coefficient is less than 0.02. The specific wear rates is at a low level about (2×10−7mm3/Nm–5×10−8mm3/Nm).

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