Waste-Treatment Applications of Reverse Osmosis

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cruver
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Metal Finishing ◽  
The Status

Reverse osmosis has come of age as a unit operation and is finding increasing usage in water and waste treatment. Large-scale (100–1000 gpm) units are currently operating throughout the world on a wide variety of feed streams. This paper summarizes the status of development of reverse-osmosis processing of municipal and industrial waste streams. Plants are described which process secondary effluent, metal-finishing wastes, and textile dye wastes. Capital and operating costs are also presented for reverse osmosis and compared with those of other desalting methods.

Membrane Processing in the Metal Finishing Industry

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Metal Finishing ◽  
Chemical Destruction ◽  
Membrane Processing ◽  
Solids Removal

Two important applications of membrane processing in the metal-finishing field are the use of reverse osmosis for electroplating waste treatment, and ultrafiltration for concentration of oily wastes prior to disposal. Waste waters from electroplating contain contaminants of high toxicity, but also of substantial potential value. Reverse osmosis has been used to close the loop on treatment of individual plating bath rinse waters, returning concentrates to the baths, and reusing purified water for rinsing. A discussion of advantages and limitations is presented for treatment of various plating baths. Reverse osmosis has also been used to concentrate electroplating shop mixed effluents, with up to 95 percent water recovery for reuse. The low-volume concentrate is dried for ultimate solids removal, and waste-water treatment becomes closed loop. Data are presented for this application. Spent oil-containing coolants present the metal-finishing industry with a difficult waste-treatment problem. Conventional disposal of the 1–5 percent emulsions by chemical destruction, incineration or contract hauling is expensive. Ultrafiltration has been employed to concentrate emulsions to over 50 percent oil. These are readily incinerated with no fuel addition required, and work has been done which shows that reuse of the oil either upgraded to a fuel or a lubricant is the best answer for the concentrate. Data are presented for concentration of several wastes.

Large-scale reverse osmosis processing of metal finishing rinse waters

Desalination ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour S. Kremen ◽  
Crawford Hayes ◽  
Michael Dubos
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metal Finishing

Kristal® 2000 PVDF hollow fiber UF membrane in the pretreatment for seawater desalination

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanguo Peng ◽  
Zhaoxuan Zhang ◽  
Pandurangan Mohan ◽  
Kasinathan Manimaran ◽  
Dongfei Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Uf Membranes

Membrane technology has emerged as a dominant solution to seawater desalination due to its superior advantages such as stable output water quality, lower energy consumption, ease of operation and smaller footprint. However, the design of spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) membranes used in desalination does not allow for backwash or air scouring, thus rendering the RO membrane highly susceptible to fouling. Pretreatment for the RO system is therefore essential to ensure a long service life of the RO membranes. For waters containing suspended solids of up to 75 mg/L (such as that in the SingSpring Desalination Plant at Tuas, Singapore), conventional pretreatment methods (such as dissolved air floatation and filtration (DAFF), chemical dosing and cartridge filtration) require regular operator intervention to produce a permeate of reasonably quality. Ultrafiltration (UF) as a pretreatment for seawater desalination can offer better treated water, lower operating costs, a smaller footprint, and flexibility in dealing with poor or varying feed water quality. By improving the pretreatment permeate water quality, reducing operating costs and the footprint, capital expenses can be lowered. Greater stability is also achieved during times of poor or variable feed water conditions (such as periods of algalbloom). A pilot study was conducted at SingSpring to track the performance of Hyflux's Kristal® 2000 hollow fiber UF membranes as pretreatment for the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) system. The results of the pilot study will enable the design of future large-scale UF-SWRO membrane projects for seawater desalination.

Characterization of seawater reverse osmosis fouled membranes from large scale commercial desalination plant

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
A Chain

The objective of this work is to study the ageing state of a used reverse osmosis (RO) membrane taken in Algeria from the Benisaf Water Company seawater desalination unit. The study consists of an autopsy procedure used to perform a chain of analyses on a membrane sheet. Wear of the membrane is characterized by a degradation of its performance due to a significant increase in hydraulic permeability (25%) and pressure drop as well as a decrease in salt retention (10% to 30%). In most cases the effects of ageing are little or poorly known at the local level and global measurements such as (flux, transmembrane pressure, permeate flow, retention rate, etc.) do not allow characterization. Therefore, a used RO (reverse osmosis) membrane was selected at the site to perform the membrane autopsy tests. These tests make it possible to analyze and identify the cause as well as to understand the links between performance degradation observed at the macroscopic scale and at the scale at which ageing takes place. External and internal visual observations allow seeing the state of degradation. Microscopic analysis of the used membranes surface shows the importance of fouling. In addition, quantification and identification analyses determine a high fouling rate in the used membrane whose foulants is of inorganic and organic nature. Moreover, the analyses proved the presence of a biofilm composed of protein.

Removal of Residual Nutrients and Chemical Additives From Secondary Sewage by Reverse osmosis

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
H. Kirk Johnston ◽  
H.S. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membranes ◽  
Municipal Wastewaters ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Abstract The suitability of reverse osmosis as a renovation technique for the treatment of municipal wastewaters has been assessed. Cellulose acetate membranes capable of 70% and 90% NaCl rejections were employed in both laboratory and pilot plant studies to evaluate the efficiency of this technique in removing the residual precipitant chemicals generally employed in phosphorus removal programs (iron chloride, alum, and lime) and the nutrients (phosphates, nitrates and ammonia) characteristic of municipal wastewaters. Secondary sewage and raw sewage as well as prepared nutrient solutions were employed in the course of this program. Both laboratory and pilot plant studies indicated consistently outstanding removal efficiencies for the species examined, almost independent of the nature of the waste solutions being treated. Permeation of the purified effluent was subject to significant reductions due to membrane fouling. This characteristic was most pronounced for the more permeable (less selective) membranes. Routine chemical and physical cleanings enable satisfactory flux levels to be maintained, thereby suggesting that reverse osmosis may become a viable municipal waste treatment technique.

scholarly journals Enabling Reuse in Extended Producer Responsibility Schemes for White Goods: Legal and Organisational Conditions for Connecting Resource Flows and Actors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Dalhammar ◽  
Emelie Wihlborg ◽  
Leonidas Milios ◽  
Jessika Luth Richter ◽  
Sahra Svensson-Höglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Extended Producer Responsibility ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Waste Hierarchy ◽  
Producer Responsibility ◽  
White Goods

AbstractExtended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes have proliferated across Europe and other parts of the world in recent years and have contributed to increasing material and energy recovery from waste streams. Currently, EPR schemes do not provide sufficient incentives for moving towards the higher levels of the waste hierarchy, e.g. by reducing the amounts of waste through incentivising the design of products with longer lifespans and by enhancing reuse activities through easier collection and repair of end-of-life products. Nevertheless, several municipalities and regional actors around Europe are increasingly promoting reuse activities through a variety of initiatives. Furthermore, even in the absence of legal drivers, many producer responsibility organisations (PROs), who execute their members’ responsibilities in EPR schemes, are considering promoting reuse and have initiated a number of pilot projects. A product group that has been identified as having high commercial potential for reuse is white goods, but the development of large-scale reuse of white goods seems unlikely unless a series of legal and organisational barriers are effectively addressed. Through an empirical investigation with relevant stakeholders, based on interviews, and the analysis of two case studies of PROs that developed criteria for allowing reusers to access their end-of-life white goods, this contribution presents insights on drivers and barriers for the repair and reuse of white goods in EPR schemes and discusses potential interventions that could facilitate the upscale of reuse activities. Concluding, although the reuse potential for white goods is high, the analysis highlights the currently insufficient policy landscape for incentivising reuse and the need for additional interventions to make reuse feasible as a mainstream enterprise.

scholarly journals The Brown Seaweeds of Scotland, Their Importance and Applications

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Omar Al-Dulaimi ◽  
Mostafa E. Rateb ◽  
Andrew S. Hursthouse ◽  
Gary Thomson ◽  
Mohammed Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

More than 50% of the UK coastline is situated in Scotland under legislative jurisdiction; therefore, there is a great opportunity for regionally focused economic development by the rational use of sustainable marine bio-sources. We review the importance of seaweeds in general, and more specifically, wrack brown seaweeds which are washed from the sea and accumulated in the wrack zone and their economic impact. Rules and regulations governing the harvesting of seaweed, potential sites for harvesting, along with the status of industrial application are discussed. We describe extraction and separation methods of natural products from these seaweeds along with their phytochemical profiles. Many potential applications for these derivatives exist in agriculture, energy, nutrition, biomaterials, waste treatment (composting), pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other applications. The chemical diversity of the natural compounds present in these seaweeds is an opportunity to further investigate a range of chemical scaffolds, evaluate their biological activities, and develop them for better pharmaceutical or biotechnological applications. The key message is the significant opportunity for the development of high value products from a seaweed processing industry in Scotland, based on a sustainable resource, and locally regulated.

scholarly journals Stand-Alone Direct Current Power Network Based on Photovoltaics and Lithium-Ion Batteries for Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2772
Author(s):  
Vishwas Powar ◽  
Rajendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Desalination

Plummeting reserves and increasing demand of freshwater resources have culminated into a global water crisis. Desalination is a potential solution to mitigate the freshwater shortage. However, the process of desalination is expensive and energy-intensive. Due to the water-energy-climate nexus, there is an urgent need to provide sustainable low-cost electrical power for desalination that has the lowest impact on climate and related ecosystem challenges. For a large-scale reverse osmosis desalination plant, we have proposed the design and analysis of a photovoltaics and battery-based stand-alone direct current power network. The design methodology focusses on appropriate sizing, optimum tilt and temperature compensation techniques based on 10 years of irradiation data for the Carlsbad Desalination Plant in California, USA. A decision-tree approach is employed for ensuring hourly load-generation balance. The power flow analysis evaluates self-sufficient generation even during cloud cover contingencies. The primary goal of the proposed system is to maximize the utilization of generated photovoltaic power and battery energy storage with minimal conversions and transmission losses. The direct current based topology includes high-voltage transmission, on-the-spot local inversion, situational awareness and cyber security features. Lastly, economic feasibility of the proposed system is carried out for a plant lifetime of 30 years. The variable effect of utility-scale battery storage costs for 16–18 h of operation is studied. Our results show that the proposed design will provide low electricity costs ranging from 3.79 to 6.43 ¢/kWh depending on the debt rate. Without employing the concept of baseload electric power, photovoltaics and battery-based direct current power networks for large-scale desalination plants can achieve tremendous energy savings and cost reduction with negligible carbon footprint, thereby providing affordable water for all.

scholarly journals Poland’s Proposal for a Safe Solution of Waste Treatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Circular Economy Connection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3939
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pikoń ◽  
Nikolina Poranek ◽  
Adrian Czajkowski ◽  
Beata Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Waste Streams

The purpose of the study presented in this text is to show the influence of COVID-19 on waste management systems and circular economy stream, and their impact on circular economy, particularly the economic impact of the pandemic on the waste management sector, impact on circular economy objectives’ implementation as well as additional challenges like the need for hygienization of waste streams during different implementation efforts, such as changes in the municipal solid waste market and different waste processes of their disposal. Additionally, some methods—such as thermal treatment—which seemed to be not fully aligned with the circular economy approach have advantages not taken into account before. Incineration of higher volume of waste affects the waste structure and will change some of the circular economy objectives. The analysis was carried out on the example of the Polish market.

A speculative hybrid reverse osmosis/electrodialysis unit operation

Desalination ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 214 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 11-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pellegrino ◽  
Craig Gorman ◽  
Laura Richards
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Unit Operation
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