Design and Analysis of an Energy Absorbing Restraint System for Light Aircraft Crash-Impact

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hundal ◽  
R. W. McLay ◽  
L. Folsom
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Occupant Restraint System ◽  
Crash Protection ◽  
Occupant Injuries ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Aircraft Crash

The application of a miniaturized energy absorbing mechanism to a light airplane occupant restraint system is presented. The mechanism absorbs energy through the continuous plastic deformation of a steel wire, closely approximating a constant force energy absorber. The design philosophy and the installation details for the aircraft are presented. A mathematical model is used for determining the occupant response during aircraft crash. The model considers plane motion of the aircraft and the human body, the latter being approximated by five rigid body segments. Occupant displacements and curves for accelerations and restraint forces are presented for a typical survivable light aircraft crash. The experimental results and the mathematical model response suggest that incorporation of the energy absorbing mechanism would produce a significant decrease in occupant injuries and fatalities. A parametric study of the occupant/restraint system is presented. Recommendations are made on steps towards improved crash protection and survival in general aviation.

A nonlinear occupant-restraint system model for predicting human injuries caused by vertical impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhou ◽  
Xianhui Wang ◽  
Qichen Zheng ◽  
Tiaoqi Fu ◽  
Mengyang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Model ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Occupant Restraint System ◽  
Vertical Impact

scholarly journals Model of the dynamics of a wheeled vehicle for a complex of full-scale-mathematical modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
B.B. Kositsyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Full Scale Tests

Introduction. The use of the method of full-scale-mathematical modeling in “real time” opens up wide opportunities associated with the analysis of the modes of operation of the “man – vehicle – environment” system, as well as the study of the loading of units and assemblies of vehicles. The existing research complexes of full-scale mathematical modeling are suitable for obtaining most of the indicators usually determined by full-scale tests. The difference lies in the ability to fully control the course of virtual testing, recording any parameters of the vehicle movement, taking into account the “human factor”, as well as complete safety of the experiment. Purpose of research. The purpose of this work is to create a mathematical model of the dynam-ics of a wheeled vehicle, suitable for use in such a complex of full-scale mathematical modeling and assessment of the load of transmission units in conditions close to real operation. Methodology and methods. The proposed model is based on the existing model of the dynamics of a wheeled vehicle developed at Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Within the framework of the model, the dynamics of a vehicle is described as a plane motion of a rigid body in a horizontal plane. The principle of possible displacements is applied to determine the normal reac-tions of the bearing surface. The interaction of the wheel with the ground in the plane of the support base is described using an approach based on the “friction ellipse” concept. To enable the driver and operator of the full-scale mathematical modeling complex to drive a virtual vehicle in “real time” mode, the mathematical model is supplemented with a control system that communicates between the control parameter set by the driver by pressing the accelerator and brake pedals and the control actions of the vehicle's transmission units, such as: an electric machine, an internal combustion en-gine, a hydrodynamic retarder and a brake system. The article presents a block diagram of the de-veloped control algorithm, as well as approbation of the system's operation in a complex of full-scale mathematical modeling. Results and scientific novelty. A mathematical model of the dynamics of a wheeled vehicle was developed. It opens up wide possibilities for studying the modes of operation of the “driver-vehicle-environment” system in “real time”, using a complex of full-scale mathematical modeling. Practical significance. A mathematical model of the dynamics of a wheeled vehicle was devel-oped. It is supplemented with an algorithm for the distribution of traction / braking torques between the transmission units, which provide a connection between the driver's pressing on the accelerator / brake pedal and the control parameters of each of the units.

Research on the Safety of Rear Seat Occupants in the Frontal Collision

2012 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 795-799
Author(s):  
Liang Hong ◽  
Yun Teng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Occupant Restraint System ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Frontal Collision ◽  
Seat Cushion ◽  
Left And Right

To study the injury values rear seat occupants sustain in the frontal collision, this paper constructed the simulation model of the rear occupant restraint system of a vehicle model using MADYMO software. The influence of the rear 3-point seatbelt stiffness and retractor locking feature, the rear seat cushion stiffness and angle with the vehicle floor on head injury criterion HIC36, thorax 3ms resultant acceleration T3MS, thorax performance criterion THPC, left and right femur force of rear occupants were analysed through the simulation model. The conclusion shows that HIC36 drops when the seatbelt stiffness increases and retractor locking feature decreases compared to the original values; HIC36, T3MS, left and right femur force become less when the seat cushion stiffness decreases and angle increases compared to the original values.

Stochastic Kriging for Crashworthiness Optimization Accounting for Simulation Noise

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Ahmadisoleymani ◽  
Samy Missoum
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Stationary Stochastic Process ◽  
Expected Improvement ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Stochastic Kriging ◽  
Occupant Restraint System ◽  
Crashworthiness Optimization ◽  
Surrogate Based Optimization ◽  
Available Information

Abstract Vehicle crash simulations are notoriously costly and noisy. When performing crashworthiness optimization, it is therefore important to include available information to quantify the noise in the optimization. For this purpose, a stochastic kriging can be used to account for the uncertainty due to the simulation noise. It is done through the addition of a non-stationary stochastic process to the deterministic kriging formulation. This stochastic kriging, which can also be used to include the effect of random non-controllable parameters, can then be used for surrogate-based optimization. In this work, a stochastic kriging-based optimization algorithm is proposed with an infill criterion referred to as the Augmented Expected Improvement, which, unlike its deterministic counterpart the Expect Improvement, accounts for the presence of irreducible aleatory variance due to noise. One of the key novelty of the proposed algorithm stems from the approximation of the aleatory variance and its update during the optimization. The proposed approach is applied to the optimization of two problems including an analytical function and a crashwor-thiness problem where the components of an occupant restraint system of a vehicle are optimized.

Design of improved energy absorbing pads to reduce occupant injuries in vehicle side impact

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (1/2/3/4) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Yıldızhan ◽  
Barış Efendioğlu ◽  
Necmettin Kaya ◽  
N.A. �° ◽  
smail Öztürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Impact ◽  
Occupant Injuries ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Development of Occupant Restraint System for SUV - Telco Experience

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ravishankar ◽  
C. Anil Kumar ◽  
B. S. Praveen
Keyword(s):  
Restraint System ◽  
Occupant Restraint System

Study on the Difference of Frontal Impact Response among People of Different Sizes

2010 ◽  
Vol 34-35 ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bo Cao ◽  
Chong Zhen Cui ◽  
Ning Yu Zhu ◽  
Huan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Frontal Impact ◽  
Occupant Restraint System ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Human Body Models ◽  
Multi Body

In this article, seven frontal impact simulation models with same restraint system and different human body models were established through the use of multi-body kinematics software MADYMO. The injuries in head, chest and femurs of different human models and the differences of these injuries were analyzed in detail. The weighted injury criterion was adopted to evaluate the overall injuries of different human body models. The results shows that the injury risk of smaller human body is much higher than the taller human body, and existing occupant restraint system that protects the 50th percentile American occupant well protects other size occupant poorly.

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