Fling-Off Cooling of Gear Teeth

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DeWinter ◽  
H. Blok
Keyword(s):  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Gear Oil

An exploratory theory shows even moderate rates of supply of the gear oil to the tooth faces to suffice for attaining the limiting coolant capacity that proves to be inherent in the conventional centrifugal fling-off process. However, in heavy-duty gears beyond a certain size and speed the conventional “intermittent” fling-off cooling can no longer take a substantial share in the withdrawal of the frictional heat generated in the meshing zone. Much greater cooling capacities are then realizable by the less known “continuous” fling-off process, to be dealt with in a followup paper.

scholarly journals Operating temperatures of oil-lubricated medium-speed gears: Numerical models and experimental results

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Long ◽  
A A Lord ◽  
D T Gethin ◽  
B J Roylance
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

This paper investigates the effects of gear geometry, rotational speed and applied load, as well as lubrication conditions on surface temperature of high-speed gear teeth. The analytical approach and procedure for estimating frictional heat flux and heat transfer coefficients of gear teeth in high-speed operational conditions was developed and accounts for the effect of oil mist as a cooling medium. Numerical simulations of tooth temperature based on finite element analysis were established to investigate temperature distributions and variations over a range of applied load and rotational speed, which compared well with experimental measurements. A sensitivity analysis of surface temperature to gear configuration, frictional heat flux, heat transfer coefficients, and oil and ambient temperatures was conducted and the major parameters influencing surface temperature were evaluated.

Development of Next Generation Gear Oil for Heavy Duty Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Nakamura ◽  
Masahisa Horikoshi ◽  
Yasunori TAKEI ◽  
Takahiro Onishi ◽  
Yasuhiro Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Gear Oil ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

scholarly journals The Effect of a Gear Oil on Abrasion, Scuffing, and Pitting of the DLC-Coated 18CrNiMo7-6 Steel

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Michalczewski ◽  
Marek Kalbarczyk ◽  
Anita Mańkowska-Snopczyńska ◽  
Edyta Osuch-Słomka ◽  
Witold Piekoszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Crn Coating ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Hard Particles ◽  
Polyalkylene Glycol ◽  
Gear Oil ◽  
Gear Oils ◽  
Harsh Conditions

The transmissions of mining conveyors are exposed to very harsh conditions. These are primarily related to the contamination of the gear oil with hard particles coming from coal and lignite, which can cause intensive abrasive wear, scuffing, and even pitting, limiting the life of gears. One of the ways to prevent this problem is the deposition of a wear-resistant coating onto gear teeth. However, a proper choice of gear oil is an important issue. The abrasion, scuffing, and pitting tests were performed using simple, model specimens. A pin and vee block tester was employed for research on abrasion and scuffing. To test pitting, a modified four-ball pitting tester was used, where the top ball was replaced with a cone. The test pins, vee blocks, and cones were made of 18CrNiMo7-6 case-hardened steel. A new W-DLC/CrN coating was tested. It was deposited on the vee blocks and cones. For lubrication, three commercial industrial gear oils were used: A mineral oil, and two synthetic ones with polyalphaolefin (PAO) or polyalkylene glycol (PAG) bases. The results show that, to minimize the tendency forabrasion, scuffing, and pitting, the (W-DLC/CrN)-8CrNiMo7-6 tribosystems should be lubricated by the PAO gear oil.

Continuous as Against Intermittent Fling-Off Cooling of Gear Teeth

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. J. van Heijningen ◽  
H. Blok
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Continuous Method ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Oil Mist ◽  
Gear Oil ◽  
Design Calculations

The main subject of the present paper is the still relatively unknown fling-off cooling method through continuous supply of the gear oil to the roots of the tooth faces to be cooled, for instance through holes connecting with a manifold inside the tooth rim. The cooling potentialities of this continuous method are compared with those of the naturally occurring “intermittent” fling-off cooling treated previously by A. de Winter and H. Blok [1]. A third fling-off cooling method is again continuous but, in contrast to that by root supply, occurs naturally in that it is brought about by the impingement of comparatively cool droplets from the oil mist in the gear casing. This method will be treated only cursorily, lacking certain experimental data to be substituted in design calculations based on the pertinent theoretical relationships.

scholarly journals Abrasive Wear, Scuffing and Rolling Contact Fatigue of DLC-Coated 18CrNiMo7-6 Steel Lubricated by a Pure and Contaminated Gear Oil

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7086
Author(s):  
Waldemar Tuszyński ◽  
Remigiusz Michalczewski ◽  
Edyta Osuch-Słomka ◽  
Andrzej Snarski-Adamski ◽  
Marek Kalbarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Ball Rolling ◽  
Gear Oil ◽  
Gear Oils

Due to extreme working conditions of mining conveyors, which contaminate gear oil with solid particles, their transmissions are exposed to intensive abrasion, scuffing, and even rolling contact fatigue (pitting). These effects shorten gear life. To prevent their occurrence, a wear-resistant coating can be deposited on gear teeth. The resistance to abrasive wear, scuffing, and pitting was investigated and reported in the article. Simple, model specimens were used. Abrasive wear and scuffing were tested using a pin-and-vee-block tribosystem in sliding contact. A cone–three-ball rolling tribosystem was employed to test pitting. The material of the test specimens (pins, vee blocks, cones) was 18CrNiMo7-6 case-hardened steel. Two types of DLC (Diamond-like Coatings) coatings were tested, W-DLC and W-DLC/CrN. The vee blocks and cones were coated. Two industrial gear oils were selected to lubricate the specimens: one with a mineral and one with a synthetic PAO (polyalphaolephine) base, as pure oil or contaminated with solid particles from a coal mine. The results show that, to minimize the tendency to abrasion, scuffing, and pitting of specimens made of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel, the W-DLC/CrN coating should be deposited. This coating also gives very good protection when the lubricating oil is contaminated.

Surface Temperature and Scoring Resistance of Heavy-Duty Gears

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Ishikawa ◽  
Kunikazu Hayashi ◽  
Masaaki Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Dynamic Thermocouple ◽  
Thermocouple Method ◽  
Scoring Resistance ◽  
Experimental Equation

The surface temperature on spur gear teeth is measured by the newly developed dynamic thermocouple method. From a large number of the results an experimental equation for the surface temperature is obtained. The effect of tip relief on the surface tempera-perature rise is also studied.

The Scuffing Resistance of WC/C Coated Spiral Bevel Gears

2014 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Michalczewski ◽  
Marek Kalbarczyk ◽  
Waldemar Tuszynski ◽  
Marian Szczerek
Keyword(s):  
Bevel Gear ◽  
Spiral Bevel Gear ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Spiral Bevel Gears ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Gear Oil ◽  
Spiral Bevel

One of the main problems with the operation of spiral bevel gears is related to very severe conditions in the contact of the meshing teeth; therefore, lubrication is very difficult, which increases the risk of scuffing occurrence. One of the ways to achieve better scuffing resistance is by the deposition of a low-friction coating on the bevel gears teeth. Gear scuffing tests were performed using a bevel gear test rig designed and manufactured at ITeE-PIB. The authorial bevel gear scuffing test was performed. Specially designed, spiral bevel gears were used for testing. Two material combinations were tested: uncoated pinion - coated wheel and, for reference, both gears without coatings. The a-C:H:W (trade name WC/C) coating of DLC type was deposited on the wheel teeth. A mineral, automotive gear oil of API GL-5 performance level was used for lubrication. It is shown that the resistance to scuffing may be significantly improved when the a-C:H:W coating is deposited on the spiral bevel gear teeth.

Low to High Speed Transient Structural and Thermal Temperature Measurement of Oil-Lubricated Multi-Speed Heavy Vehicle Transmission Gearbox System Based on FEA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ashwani Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Gear Oil ◽  
And Performance

The main objective of this chapter is dynamic structural and thermal analysis of multi speed transmission gearbox (medium duty truck) using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). To evaluate the dynamic strength of transmission gearbox assembly transient structural analysis was performed. Dynamic varying loads at different rotational speed were applied to perform the transient analysis. In gear meshing operation at high rotational speed and loading condition, frictional heat is generated inside gearbox assembly. To reduce the effect of frictional heat, gear oil is used. In this research study gear oil SAE 85W140 was used for cooling and performance enhancement. Steady state thermal analysis was performed to evaluate the thermal effect of frictional heat, rotational speed of shafts (pinion, gear) and load with gear oil lubrication. In thermal effect gearbox surface temperature was measured at different points. FEA simulation results have been validated using experimental results available in literature.

Finite Element Analysis-Based Thermo-Mechanical Performance Study of Heavy Vehicle Medium Duty Transmission Gearbox

2021 ◽  
pp. 322-336
Author(s):  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Yatika Gori ◽  
Pravin P. Patil
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Oil Mist ◽  
Gear Oil ◽  
Reverse Gear

The main objective of this chapter is to investigate the performance of automobile transmission gearbox under the influence of load, rotational speed, and lubrication on multi speed gearbox gear surface. Gear oil SAE 80W-90 was used as gearbox lubricant, for cooling of transmission gearbox for high performance. An assumption has been made at the air-gear oil mist within transmission is under steady state condition, in isothermal equilibrium with the transmission gear oil bath of lubricant. The lubrication in multi speed transmission is subjected to thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication. The present chapter deals with the thermo-mechanical performance study of multi speed transmission (4 speed, excluding reverse gear) system, which combines transient structure analysis of the gear train assembly. The engaged gear teeth pairs transmit torque subjected to thermo-elastohydrodynamic arrangements of lubrication. The study here analyzed transmission in second gear pair.

The Automobile Wagon for Heavy Duty

1900 ◽  
Vol 50 (1289supp) ◽  
pp. 20665-20668
Author(s):  
Arthur Herschmann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Duty
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