High Rate Electrochemical Machining

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Loutrel ◽  
N. H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Electrolyte Conductivity ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Rate Limiting

This is the first of three papers on high rate Electrochemical Machining. Feed rate limiting mechanisms are discussed along with qualitative predictions. Methods of increasing feed rates are studied theoretically and experimentally. The use of high supply voltages (118 volts) high electrolyte pressures (330 bars (4800 psi)) and high flow velocities (192 M/sec) when machining iron in aqueous sodium chloride electrolyte led to feed rates of 10.8 cm/min (4.25 in/min). The following two papers will discuss a theoretical model of the ECM process and present high temperature and pressure electrolyte conductivity and ion mobility.

A Theoretical Model for High Rate Electrochemical Machining

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Loutrel ◽  
N. H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Computer Solution ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Current Densities

A theoretical model for the process occurring in the cutting zone is developed. A computer solution to apply the model to an actual ECM situation is outlined. A simplified model and computer solution is described which can be used to predict machining parameters for complex geometries. For both models good correlation of experimental results is found in most cases. The application of classical electrochemistry to conditions where extreme current densities (5800 amps/cm2) are encountered is discussed.

Sodium Chloride Electrolyte Data at High Temperatures and Pressures

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Loutrel ◽  
N. H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chloride Electrolyte ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

Electrolyte conductivities were measured and ion mobilities were calculated for use in applying the theoretical model for high rate Electrochemical Machining which was described in two other papers. The ions treated are Na+, Cl−, Fe++, and OH−. Mathematical models are derived to allow simple calculation of ion mobilities including the case where mixtures of ions are present. The effect of high temperatures (on the order of 200 deg C) and high pressures (on the order of 220 bars) is emphasized. The experimental apparatus used in making these measurements is also described.

scholarly journals Lead Recovery from Solid Residues of Copper Industry Using Triethylenetetramine Solution

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Mateusz Ciszewski ◽  
Andrzej Chmielarz ◽  
Zbigniew Szołomicki ◽  
Michał Drzazga ◽  
Katarzyna Leszczyńska-Sejda
Keyword(s):  
Lead Extraction ◽  
Pressure Leaching ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Lead Carbonate ◽  
Pure Lead ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Lead Recovery ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Industrial processing of mineral ores and concentrates generates large amounts of solid residues, which can be landfilled or further processed to recover selected elements depending on its economical profitability. Pressure leaching is a technology enabling high recovery of base metals like copper and zinc, transferring others like lead and iron to the solid residue. High temperature and pressure of such leaching leads to formation of sparingly soluble lead jarosite (plumbojarosite). The load of lead landfilled as solid residues resulting from such operation is so big that its recovery is perspective and crucial for waste-limiting technologies. This paper is devoted to lead extraction from pressure leaching residues using triethylenetetramine solution and then its precipitation as a commercial lead carbonate. The highest obtained recovery of lead was 91.3%. Additionally, presented technology allows to manage and recycle amine solution and reuse solid products. Produced pure lead carbonate can be directly added to smelting, not increasing temperature within the furnace.

scholarly journals Fatigue simulation of a short fiber re-inforced oil-filter under high temperature and pressure load

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hack ◽  
Wolfgang Korte ◽  
Stefan Sträßer ◽  
Matthias Teschner
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Pressure Load ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Corrosion Rate Measurement by Hydrogen Effusion In Dynamic Aqueous Systems At Elevated Temperature and Pressure

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
M. KRULFELD ◽  
M. C. BLOOM ◽  
R. E. SEEBOLD
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Aqueous Systems ◽  
Effusion Rates ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Effusion Method ◽  
Hydrogen Effusion

Abstract A method of applying the hydrogen effusion method to the measurement of corrosion rates in dynamic aqueous systems at elevated temperature and pressure is described. Data obtained in low carbon steel systems are presented, including (1) reproducibility obtained in measured hydrogen effusion rates at a flow velocity of 1 foot per second at a temperature of 600 F and 2000 psi, and (2) a quantitative comparison between the hydrogen effusion rates in static and in low flow velocity dynamic systems at this temperature and pressure. Some observations are included on corrosion rate measurements in a high flow velocity (30 feet per second) loop by the hydrogen effusion method. Implications of these measurements with regard to the comparison between high flow velocity corrosion and low flow velocity corrosion are mentioned and some data indicating high local sensitivity of the hydrogen effusion method are noted. Some possible difficulties involved in the method are pointed out. 2.3.4

Creep Modeling of Welded Joints Using the Theta Projection Concept and Finite Element Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Law ◽  
W. Payten ◽  
K. Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Creep Model ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Modeling of welded joints under creep conditions with finite element analysis was undertaken using the theta projection method. The results were compared to modeling based on a simple Norton law. Theta projection data extends the accuracy and predictive capability of finite element modeling of critical structures operating at high temperature and pressure. In some cases analyzed, it was found that the results diverged from those gained using a Norton law creep model. [S0094-9930(00)00601-6]

High temperature and pressure rheological experiments on felsic granulite

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Wen ◽  
Yongfeng Wang ◽  
Junfeng Zhang ◽  
Pengxiao Li ◽  
Zhen-Min Jin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Rheological Experiments
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