The Prediction of Press Loads in Deep Drawing With Various Conditions of Lubrication at Elevated Temperatures

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Pope ◽  
J. T. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Numerical Evaluation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Punch Load ◽  
Die Profile ◽  
Logical Extension

The present work is introduced and is shown to be a logical extension of work by Chung and Swift, Ray and Berry, et al. The authors introduce the deep drawing process and analyze the stresses due to radial drawing (including friction), bending the sheet, unbending the sheet, and die profile friction. From these stresses, an expression for the total punch load is developed. The authors also describe the experimental work in which determinations are made of the work hardening exponents, the anisotropic coefficients, the friction coefficients, and the total punch load. The paper concludes by comparing the numerical evaluation of the maximum punch load with that determined from experiments.

scholarly journals Effect on Blank Holding Force on Blank Deformation at Direct and Indirect Hot Deep Drawings of Boron Steel Sheets

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Yoon Seo ◽  
Chul Kyu Jin ◽  
Chung Gil Kang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Punch Load ◽  
Blank Holding Force ◽  
Hot Press Process ◽  
Thinning Rate

This study involves performing direct and indirect hot press forming on ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) boron steel sheets to determine formability. The indirect hot press process is performed as a cold deep drawing process, while the direct hot press process is performed as a hot deep drawing process. The initial blank temperature and the blank holding force are set as parameters to evaluate the performance of the direct and indirect deep drawing processes. The values of punch load and forming depth curve were obtained in the experiment. In addition, the hardness and microstructure of the boron steel sheets are examined to evaluate the mechanical properties of the material. The forming depth, maximum punch load, thickness, and thinning rate according to blank holding force were examined. The result shows that a larger blank holding force has a more significant effect on the variation of the thickness and thinning rate of the samples during the drawing process. Furthermore, the thinning rate of the deep drawing part in with and without fracture boundary was respectively examined.

Mechanical Properties and Friction of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy and Application to the Cylidrical Deep Drawing Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung Sheng Yang ◽  
Guo Zhou Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Friction Testing ◽  
As Stress

The mechanical properties such as stress-strain curves and anisotropic parameters at different elevated temperatures are obtained by the computerized screw universal testing machine. The friction testing machine is used to determine the friction coefficient between die and AZ31 sheets at different elevated temperatures. The finite element method is used to investigate the earing of the deep drawing process. In order to verify the prediction of FEM simulation of the earing in the cylindrical cup drawing process, the experimental parameters such as stress-strain curves, anisotropic parameters, fiction coefficient and blank holder force, are as the input data during analysis. The experimental cup height compared with the current simulation result of cylindrical deep drawing process at different elevated temperature.

A Review on Deep Drawing Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
D. Swapna ◽  
Ch, Srinivasa Rao ◽  
S. Radhika
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Thin Sheet Metal

Deep Drawing (DD) process is the one in which a punch forces a flat sheet metal blank into a die cavity.  DD can also be described as the process which involves conversion of flat thin sheet metal blanks into parts of desired shape. Little work is available in the applications of DD processes at elevated temperatures which is going to be a very important manufacturing application in the coming decades. Deep Drawing (DD) is one of the sheet metal forming processes widely used in automobile, aerospace, electronics and allied industries to produce the hollow parts. The improvement in the deep drawing manufacturing process with latest methodologies leads to developments in the automobile and other sheet metal industries. Still today, this process of analysis and design is an art than science. Presently, the conventional deep drawing (CDD) operation is carried out at room temperature in industries. Although the deep drawing process of high strength / low formability metals has an extensive industrial application area, deep drawing at room temperature has serious difficulties because of the large amount of deformations revealed and high flow stresses of the materials. The present paper gives an overview of deep drawing process, its classification along with advantages, limitations and applications.

An Experimental Study on Nonisothermal Deep Drawing Process Using Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhat Kaya ◽  
Giovanni Spampinato ◽  
Taylan Altan
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Punch Velocity ◽  
Forming Temperature ◽  
Tool Set ◽  
Aluminum And Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Blank Size

Weight reduction is one of the major goals in the automotive, appliance, and electronics industries. One way of achieving this goal is to use lightweight alloys such as aluminum and magnesium that have high strength to weight ratios. However, due to their limited formability at room temperature, forming needs to take place at elevated temperatures and mostly under nonisothermal conditions. In this study, nonisothermal deep drawing process using aluminum and magnesium alloys was investigated using a servo motor driven press and a heated tool set. Using the flexibility of the servo press kinematics, blanks were heated in the tool set prior to forming. Temperature-time measurements were made at various blank holder interface pressures in order to determine the required dwell time to heat the blank to the forming temperature. Several lubricants for elevated temperature forming were evaluated using the deep draw test, and a PTFE based film was found to be the best performing lubricant. Deep drawing tests were conducted to determine the process window (maximum punch velocity as functions of blank size and temperature) for Al 5754-O and Mg AZ31-O. Maximum punch velocities of 35 mm/s and 300 mm/s were obtained for the Al and Mg alloys, respectively. Comparisons for the Mg alloy sheets from two different suppliers were made and significant differences in formability were found. Experiments were conducted in order to understand the effect of constant and variable punch velocity and the temperature on the mechanics of deformation. Variable punch velocity is found to improve the thickness distribution of the formed part.

Work Hardening Models and the Numerical Simulation of the Deep Drawing Process

2004 ◽  
Vol 455-456 ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno M. Chaparro ◽  
Marta C. Oliveira ◽  
J. Luís Alves ◽  
Luís Filipe Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Hardening Models

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation and Finite Element Simulation to Produce Square Cup by Deep Drawing Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karem Muhsin Younis ◽  
Adil Shbeeb Jabber ◽  
Mustafa Mohammed Abdulrazaq
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Die Profile ◽  
Blank Diameter

Deep drawing process to produce square cup is very complex process due to a lot of process parameters which control on this process, therefore associated with it many of defects such as earing, wrinkling and fracture. Study of the effect of some process parameters to determine the values of these parameters which give the best result, the distributions for the thickness and depths of the cup were used to estimate the effect of the parameters on the cup numerically, in addition to experimental verification just to the conditions which give the best numerical predictions in order to reduce the time, efforts and costs for producing square cup with less defects experimentally is the aim of this study. The numerical analysis is used to study the effect of some parameters such as die profile radius, radial clearance between die and punch, blank diameter on the length and thickness  distributions on the cup, dynamic-explicit (ANSYS11) code based on finite element method is utilized to simulate the square deep drawing operation. Experiments were done for comparison and verification the numerical predictions. effective square cup with less defects and acceptable thickness distributions were produced in this study. It is concluded  the most thinning appear in the corner cup due to excessive stretching occur in this region and also it is found the cup thickness and height prediction by numerical analysis and in general in harmony with experimental analysis.

scholarly journals Effect of Tool Geometry Parameters on the Formability of a Camera Cover in the Deep Drawing Process

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3993
Author(s):  
Thanh Trung Do ◽  
Pham Son Minh ◽  
Nhan Le
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Nose Radius ◽  
Deep Drawing Process

The formability of the drawn part in the deep drawing process depends not only on the material properties, but also on the equipment used, metal flow control and tool parameters. The most common defects can be the thickening, stretching and splitting. However, the optimization of tools including the die and punch parameters leads to a reduction of the defects and improves the quality of the products. In this paper, the formability of the camera cover by aluminum alloy A1050 in the deep drawing process was examined relating to the tool geometry parameters based on numerical and experimental analyses. The results showed that the thickness was the smallest and the stress was the highest at one of the bottom corners where the biaxial stretching was the predominant mode of deformation. The problems of the thickening at the flange area, the stretching at the side wall and the splitting at the bottom corners could be prevented when the tool parameters were optimized that related to the thickness and stress. It was clear that the optimal thickness distribution of the camera cover was obtained by the design of tools with the best values—with the die edge radius 10 times, the pocket radius on the bottom of the die 5 times, and the punch nose radius 2.5 times the sheet thickness. Additionally, the quality of the camera cover was improved with a maximum thinning of 25% experimentally, and it was within the suggested maximum allowable thickness reduction of 45% for various industrial applications after optimizing the tool geometry parameters in the deep drawing process.

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