The Wear of Grinding Wheels: Part 2—Fracture Wear

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Malkin ◽  
N. H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Wear Particle ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Precision Grinding ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Important Form

The nature and extent of grinding wheel wear in precision grinding were investigated directly from the wear particles removed from the wheel. A statistical analysis of the wear particle size distributions was developed to determine the relative amounts of bond fracture, grain fracture, and attritious wear. Most of the wear consists of grain and bond fracture particles with relatively more bond fracture occurring with softer wheels. The rate at which fracture wear occurs is directly related to the grinding forces and the amount of binder in the wheel. The attritious wear, although contributing insignificantly to the total, is the most important form of wear as it is directly related to the size of the wear flats, grinding forces, and workpiece burn, and therefore controls grain and bond fracture wear.

Slot and Vertical Face Grinding of Aerospace Components

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-625
Author(s):  
R. B. Mindek ◽  
T. D. Howes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Input ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Inconel 713C ◽  
Profile Accuracy ◽  
Face Grinding

Workpiece profile accuracy, wheel wear, and thermal damage were investigated for the grinding of slots and vertical faces on MAR-M-247, Inconel 713C, and M-2 tool steel using both alumina and cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheels. It was found when grinding with alumina wheels that the wheel corner and first 2.5 mm of the grinding wheel sidewall account for all the grinding forces in the vertical, horizontal, and transverse directions, and therefore is responsible for all the significant grinding done on the sideface of the workpiece. Since previous work links wheel wear and workpiece thermal damage during grinding to grinding forces, this finding suggests that the area around the wheel corner is the critical region of importance in grinding these types of profiles in terms of wheel wear and the heat input to the workpiece. These, in turn, are linked to workpiece profile accuracy and metallurgical damage. Results also show that striation marks inherent in sidewall grinding can be minimized by controlling the maximum normal infeed rate of the wheel. A method for minimizing the heat input into the workpiece by minimizing grinding force during vertical face grinding is also reported.

scholarly journals Performance of Norton Quantum Grinding Wheels

2016 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Neslušan ◽  
Jitka Baďurová ◽  
Anna Mičietová ◽  
Maria Čiliková
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Surface Burn ◽  
Conventional Grinding

This paper deals with cutting ability of progressive Norton Quantum grinding wheel during grinding roll bearing steel 100Cr6 of hardness 61 HRC. Cutting ability of this wheel is compared with conventional grinding wheel and based on measurement of grinding forces as well as surface roughness. Results of experiments show that Norton Quantum grinding wheels are capable of long term grinding cycles at high removal rates without unacceptable occurrence of grinding chatter and surface burn whereas application of conventional wheel can produce excessive vibration and remarkable temper colouring of ground surface. Moreover, while Norton Quantum grinding wheel gives nearly constant grinding forces and surface roughness within ground length at higher removal rates, conventional grinding wheel (as that reported in this study) does not.

Development of Vitrified Bond CBN Wheel for Internal Precision Grinding of the Air-Conditioner Compressor Piston Hole

2006 ◽  
Vol 304-305 ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Gao ◽  
Y.G. Zheng ◽  
W.G. Liu ◽  
Jian Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Precision Grinding ◽  
Grinding Performance ◽  
Compressor Piston ◽  
Vitrified Bond ◽  
Cbn Grinding Wheel

Manufacturing of vitrified bond CBN wheels for internal precision grinding of the air-conditioner compressor piston hole is still big challenge to all of the domestic manufacturers. Recently, by choosing pre-melting mixed CBN abrasives and a proper sintering process, a cost-effective method was conceived to produce grinding wheels of comparative quality. The grinding performance of wheels was evaluated with a series of internal precision grinding of compressor piston hole. Experimental results show that the vitrified bond CBN grinding wheel produced by this method has better grinding performance, and can be substitute to the same type of grinding wheels imported. But the manufacturing cost is only 60% of the wheel imported according to estimation.

Effect of the Coolant Lubricant Type and Dress Parameters on CBN Grinding Wheels Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 76-78 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghi Tawakoli ◽  
Abdolreza Rasifard ◽  
Alireza Vesali
Keyword(s):  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Vitrified Cbn

The efficiency of using of CBN grinding wheels highly depends on the dressing process as well as on the coolant lubricant used. The Institute of Grinding and Precision Technology (KSF) investigated the performance of vitrified CBN grinding wheels -being dressed using different parameters- while using two different grinding oils and two different water-miscible coolant lubricants. The obtained results show that the performance of the vitrified CBN grinding wheels regarding the quality of the workpiece surface, the grinding forces as well as the wear of the grinding wheel, highly depend on the dressing conditions and the type of the coolant lubricant used. Compared to the water-miscible coolant lubricants, the grinding oils show better results.

Vibrations of Flexible Precision Grinding Spindles

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Precision Grinding ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
Gyroscopic Effects ◽  
Subharmonic Resonances

The effects of pulsating forces between grinding wheel and workpiece are discussed in connection with inhomogeneous wheel wear and loading. By analysis it is shown that pulsating normal forces may be caused by rotary damping and gyroscopic effects. The influence of skew-symmetric rigidity in the spindle is also discussed and the occurrence of subharmonic resonances is pointed out.

Factors Influencing the Performance of Grinding Wheels

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Krabacher
Keyword(s):  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Metal Removal Rate ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Grinding Wheel Wear ◽  
Grinding Ratio ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Chip Load

Optimum utilization of grinding wheels can best be achieved if the nature of their performance and wear characteristics, and the factors that affect these characteristics, are understood and applied. As reported in this paper, a comprehensive, continuing, grinding-research program has contributed to such an understanding. A study of the nature of grinding-wheel wear indicates that the grinding-wheel wear curve is similar to those of other cutting tools. It demonstrates further that the type of grinding operation significantly affects the nature of wheel wear. A unique technique has been developed for very accurately measuring grinding-wheel wear. This measured wear may be translated into terms of “grinding ratio,” which is the generally accepted parameter for measuring wheel wear. It is the ratio of the volume of metal removed per unit volume of wheel worn away. Extensive studies have been carried out to determine the effect of mechanical variables on grinding ratio, power required in metal removal, and on surface finish. Experimental findings indicate that grinding ratio decreases with increased metal-removal rate and increases with workpiece diameter, decreased chip load, and increased concentration of grinding fluid. Power is found to increase with both the metal-removal rate and the amount of metal removed. It increases slightly with workpiece diameter and is affected little by work-material hardness. Surface finish is found to improve with decreased metal-removal rate and decreased chip load. It also is affected little by work diameter or work-material hardness. Fundamental research in the mechanics of wheel wear is supplying much additional information in the study of grinding-wheel wear. The measurement of grinding forces employing a cylindrical grinding dynamometer provides the opportunity for relating the wear of grinding wheels to the basic mechanics of the process through such fundamental quantities as grinding forces, specific energy, and grinding friction. Two additional experimental techniques for the study of chip formation in grinding have also proved to be most useful research tools. A “quick-stop” apparatus is used to freeze the grinding action by accelerating a tiny workpiece almost instantaneously to grinding-wheel speed. Another technique permits the comparison of the shape of the grinding grit and that of the contour of its path through the workpiece by a unique replicating method.

The Wear of Grinding Wheels: Part 1—Attritious Wear

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1120-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Malkin ◽  
N. H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Precision Grinding ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Abrasive Grain ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Sliding Force

An investigation of attritious and fracture wear of grinding wheels in precision grinding is described in a two paper sequence. Attritious wear, the subject of this first paper, refers to the dulling of the abrasive grain due to rubbing against the workpiece surface. The amount of dulling, measured by the area of the wear flats on the surface of the wheel, is found to be directly related to the grinding forces. In general, both the vertical and horizontal grinding force components increase linearly with the wear flat area. This is explained by considering the grinding force as the sum of a cutting force due to chip formation and a sliding force due to rubbing between the wear flats and workpiece. Related studies of wheel dressing, surface finish, and workpiece burn are also presented.

Effect of Novel Grinding Wheels on Grinding Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 3302-3306
Author(s):  
Ming Yi Tsai ◽  
Shi Xing Jian ◽  
J. H. Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubrication ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Temperature ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Grinding Performance ◽  
Conventional Grinding ◽  
Removal Processes

Grinding, a technique for removing abrasive materials, is a chip-removal process that uses an individual abrasive grain as the cutting tool. Abrasive material removal processes can be very challenging owing to the high power requirements and the resulting high temperatures, especially at the workpiece-wheel interface. This paper presents a novel system that uses graphite particles impregnated in an aluminum oxide matrix to form a grinding wheel. This study specifically investigated grinding wheels with a graphite content of 0.5 wt%. The new grinding wheel was compared with conventional grinding wheels by comparing the factors of grinding performance, such as surface roughness, morphology, wheel wear ratio, grinding temperature, and grinding forces, when the wheels were used under two different coolant strategiesdry and with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) using pure water. This study found that there is a considerable improvement in the grinding performance using graphite-impregnated grinding wheels over the performance obtained using conventional grinding wheels. The use of 0.5 wt% graphite provided better surface roughness and topography, lower grinding temperature, and decreased force; in addition, wheel consumption was lower, resulting in extended wheel life.

The stages in a process of severe metallic wear

1956 ◽  
Vol 236 (1205) ◽  
pp. 250-264 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Debris ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Total Wear ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Severe Type

In order to provide information about the basic processes involved in the wear of metals, a detailed study has been made of a severe type of wear. The particular system chosen was the wear of brass against a harder material under conditions in which the debris produced is metallic. Using radioactivity methods, transfer of metal between the rubbing surfaces was determined concurrently with measurements of the total wear. In experiments at various loads, the relationship between the rates of transfer and wear was studied. Particle-size distributions of the wear debris were obtained and compared with size distributions of the transferred fragments. It is concluded that wear occurs via a layer of transferred metal and that there is no direct production of loose wear particles. The wear process has at least two distinct stages; namely, the removal of metal from the wearing surface by transfer, and the formation of wear debris from the transferred layer on the opposing member. The magnitude of the applied load determines primarily the scale of the phenomena rather than the rate at which they occur.

Cylindrical Grinding by Structured Wheels

2016 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Daneshi ◽  
Bahman Azarhoushang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Dry Grinding

Structuring of the grinding wheels is a promising method to reduce the forces involved in grinding, especially during dry grinding. In this paper, one of the methods of grinding wheel structuring is presented. The structuring process was modeled to find the corresponding dressing parameters for the desired structure dimensions. The cylindrical grinding operation with the structured wheels was simulated to produce a spiral free ground surface. Afterwards, the dry grinding experiments with the structured and non-structured wheels were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the structured wheels. The results revealed that the grinding forces can be reduced by more than 50% when the grinding wheels are structured, while the surface roughness values increase by 80%.

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